Eurofighter Typhoon - twin-engine multi-role fighter 4th generation with a "duck" and a delta wing. Later modifications of the fighter belongs to a generation 4+ or 4++. Development and production is carried out by Typhoon Eurofighter GmbH, which was established by a consortium of Alenia Aeronautica, EADSM and BAE Systems in 1986 year. Development of the aircraft began in perspective 1979 year.
Eurofighter Typhoon – video
Typhoon - a unique warplane, produced in four variants: according to one embodiment for each country in the consortium (Britain, Germany, Italy and Spain). At the same time, all companies-contractors involved in the production of units for each of the 620 aircraft.
Members of the consortium involved in the production of the following elements multipurpose fighter:
AleniaAeronautica - rear fuselage section, external flaperons, left wing;
BAE Systems - rear fuselage section, Front fuselage (including PGO), gargrot, lamp, tail-plane, internal flaperons;
EADS Deutschland - center section, the central portion of the fuselage;
EADS CASA - predkrыlki, right wing.
Design features of the Eurofighter Typhoon reflect the desire of designers to use the latest advances in electronics and aircraft. To provide the required level of maneuverability characteristics, especially at high angles of attack, fighter designed by scheme with low delta wing (sweep was 53 degrees), negative stability margin, dvuhsektsionnыmi predkrыlkami and zakrыlkami, turning canards, vertical keel and rudder without stabilizer. This scheme has several advantages, chief among them is the reduction of resistance at supersonic speed.
Leading edge canards radio absorbing material is made of. Although the new fighter to the category of aircraft, "Stealth" technology made not apply, in its design made several structural and layout measures, which were aimed at reducing the effective scattering surface. During the design set the goal to reduce the effective scattering surface with a front angle of radiation of radar systems four times in comparison with the same value of "Tornado" aircraft.
These measures are: Recessed air intakes and the masked input stages input devices engines (significant source of electromagnetic reflections). Some of the aircraft structure elements, Important reflectivity (carrying plane and the leading edges of the horizontal tail stabilizer and) characterized by a large scale, because of which have in the front sector of good reflectivity. External suspension of guided missiles poluutopleny, allowing partially shielded from incident electromagnetic radiation aircraft missiles suspension structure.
Leading by reflectance structural elements and portions «Eurofighter» fighter coated absorbing materials, mainly developed by concern EADS / DASA. Among them: the leading edge of the wing, inner surfaces and edges of the input air intakes, rudder, as well as the adjacent surfaces and the like.
The aircraft structure used carbon composites comprise different materials 40 percent of the mass of the airframe, Aluminum-lithium alloys (Al-Li 8090) – 20%, aluminum alloys - 18%, Titanium alloys - 12% and fiberglass - 10%. On carbon composites accounts 70 percent surface glider, 12% – GRP up, 15% – metal, 3% – Other construction materials. The contract provides, that the empty weight of the aircraft shall not exceed 9999 kg. In the future, you can use advanced aluminum-lithium alloys. Current designs resource is 6 thousand. no.
Semi-monocoque fuselage. Flyer from destruction by fire medium-weapons fire partially protects the cab on armor. Frameless tselnoformovanny projecting lantern gives a good overview.
The fighter feathering applied single-fin having a large area with a rudder. The root part of the keel is equipped with an air inlet of the heat exchanger of the cooling system.
Wing mechanization - section flaperons and hangs elevons, as well as on each console section deflected socks. Sheathing wing made of CFRP (deflectable socks and containers wingtip, made of aluminum-lithium alloys).
Area canards - 2,40 m2. For its production mainly used CFRP.
Tricycle landing gear of the aircraft has a one-wheeled racks. Basic rack removed in the direction of the fuselage, Front steering rack - forward. Pneumatics and chassis design is optimized for action even with roughly renovated concreted runways, and landing without alignment. But in order to fix problems with the heating wheel drive during heavy braking bands The required length, which was, According to initial plans, 500 m, It was increased to 700 m. For aircraft equipped with emergency brake drag parachute.
engine development program (EFA program) It was launched in 1983 year. We took as a basis the engine RB 199 used in the multi-purpose aircraft "Tornado". According to other sources, the engine was created on the basis of the experimental Rolls-Royce XG.40. his bench tests were carried out in 1988 year.
AT 1986 It was founded for the development of a consortium EurojetTurboGmbH, design and subsequent release of EJ200 engines. The founders of the consortium: Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom), E.T.C (Spain), FiatAvio (Italy) MTU и AeroEngines (Germany). EurojetTurboGmbH housed in the town of Hallbergmoos, Munich suburb, and related contracts with the agency NETMA (NATO), which in turn, It is a partner of all these states.
EJ200 – turbofan two-shaft turbofan engine, having an afterburner. In engine designs used single-crystal turbine blades, wheels from powder materials, variable speed digital control system, brush seals, Built-in diagnostics system. Composite materials are widely used for stationary parts of the engine. Engine combustion chamber has a thermally insulating coating, made of a ceramic material.
The fighter used unregulated ventral hood with rectangular side edges and a curved lower edge, divided into two channels by a vertical partition (air supply to each turbofans), having a deflectable lower and upper fixed panel.
Power point
According to the intergovernmental agreement of four states, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Spain have pledged to participate in the joint development and subsequent production of new-generation engine for the fighter "Eurofighter". engine module, the average time of dismantling - 45 min.
– Thrust in afterburner: 9097 kgf;
– dry traction: 6120 kgf;
– Fuel consumption modes besforsazhny: 0,745-0,813 kg of kgf per hour;
– Fuel consumption in afterburner: 1,65-1.72 kg of kgf per hour;
– Air consumption: 76 kg / s;
– gas temperature before the turbine: 1840 TO;
– Length: 4 m;
– inlet diameter: 740 mm;
– Weight: 989 kg;
– overhaul period: 1000 hours;
– assigned resource: 6000 hours;
engine Composition:
– 3 stage CPV (shine, without VNA, compression ratio 4,2);
– 5 HPC stages (compression ratio 6,2, overall 26);
– an annular combustion chamber;
– 1 speed TVD (monokrystallycheskaya);
– 1 speed TND (monokrystallycheskaya);
– afterburner (no smoke exhaust);
– adjustable nozzle.
Fuel is located in the fuselage, keel and wing in the self-sealing tanks. At the central and outer pair of under-wing suspension units are located external fuel tanks, capacity 1500 l and 1000 l, respectively. Also fighter is provided a refueling system in flight.
By-wire flight control system adaptive quadruplex, Reserve mechanical wiring has. It provides an artificial stability and safety of the aircraft flying at the limit mode and high maneuverability.
armament control system includes an infrared system PIRATE forward-looking and coherent multi-mode pulse-Doppler radar ECR90.
EF2000 is equipped with an inertial navigation system with laser ring gyroscopes, helmet-mounted sight-indicator, equipment identification and prioritization of the enemy attack, Solvers offensive and defensive maneuvers and possible application field of armament.
Defensive DASS system is the most expensive part of electronic equipment, created for Eurofighter. The system provides evaluation and synthesizing data, obtained from the laser and radar detectors, other sensor and switch the required active (towed decoys, jammers) and passive protection. Containers with equipment located at the ends of wing panels.
In fighter «EF2000» no internal weapons bays. Instead, there are external hardpoints, that degrade the performance of the EPR, but, allow to expand the range of options and used weapons.
The fighter thirteen external hardpoints. Typical armament - 4 guided missiles, medium-range AIM-120 AMRAAM, "Skayflesh" (on British aircraft) or "Asp" (on the Italian aircraft) placed in the semi-flush position under the fuselage, and 2 Controlled short range ASRAAM missiles or AIM-9 "Sidewinder" placed at the extreme nodes underwing. The total number of missiles "air-to-air" to 10 pcs, however takeoff weight fighter even with such arms should not exceed 18140 kg (40 thousand. pounds). On 3 nodes external suspension may reside external fuel tanks. The aircraft is equipped with a cannon caliber Mauser 27 mm.
When performing operations shock plane to seven hardpoints may be placed before the 6500 kilogram bombs, and 6 guided missiles "air-to-air". Combat range when administered struggle for superiority in the air can be more 1000 kilometers, when performing surgery on the profile of the shock-small small height 325 kilometers, large-small-large in profile - 1000 kilometers. The aircraft with weapons "air-air" can patrol in the air over 3 hours 15 minutes.
polukonformnye external fuel tanks designed for the fighter. Under one fuselage suspension unit may be disposed laser rangefinder-tseleukazatel. On the wingtips in containers located REP apparatus and blocks infrared traps.
fighter production is divided into three tranches - 148/236/236 edenic (Total 620 aircraft) four States Parties (UK - 232, Germany - 180, Italy - 121 and Spain - 87). In the Air Force four States parties planes “Tranche 1” They began to arrive in the summer 2003 g. In turn, the aircraft of each tranche divided into parties and blocs, eg, the first tranche of the double aircraft for the Royal Air Force is divided into two batches T1 and T1A. The first aircraft arrived in 17 squadron in 2003 year. There, the first batch of aircraft thoroughly examined and tested. In voennovozduschnye force first "Typhoon" has officially arrived 1 July 2005 g. Number EF-2000 fighter set on the first tranche is currently 148 pcs.
consortium 2002 I have concluded the first export contract with the Government of Austria on 18 modification fighters «Tranche-2" amounting 2,55 billion. US (1,95 billion. euro). However, the Austrian Ministry of Defense and the "Eurofighter" in June 2007 g. We reached an agreement on the reduction of the ordered aircraft to 15 One unit changes and modifications to «Tranche-2" in «Tranche-1". In view of the agreement to supply Saudi Arabia 72 fighters, EF-2000 program to date includes the production 707 fighters for six customers.
Agreement on the production and supply of «Tranche-2" of the country participating in the program signed 14 December 2004 g. The first aircraft of this version 16 January 2008 year took off in the enterprise EADS in Manching.
originally, airplanes meet the standards «F2 Tranche 1" («F2 model 1"), to be used exclusively aircraft in aerial combat against enemy aircraft. but, to engage the fighters in Afghanistan to fully implement the needed ability to destroy ground targets. "Typhoon" in July 2008 g. He was declared a multi-role fighter, which can effectively destroy as air, and ground targets. The car has received the abbreviation FGR4 (T3 - coupe version of the aircraft). Complete modernization of all the fighters «F2» to level «FGR4» planned to be completed by the end of 2012 g.
Standard «Tranche-2" Aircraft from the «Tranche-1" differ reinforced chassis, new on-board computer, improved package of avionics and advanced weapons systems “air-ground”.
Who signed an agreement on the creation of 40 fighters «Tranche 3». Given the fighters of previous models, in the UK the BBC will 107 machines «Eurofighter Typhoon» until 2030 g.
Multi-role fighter version «Tranche-3" will receive conformal fuel tanks, upgraded onboard computer, with increased engine thrust, package of new software and radar with a phased antenna array.
modifications
Block 1 – Tranche 1, the initial version of the fighter;
Block 2 – Tranche 1, Air Combat Fighter;
Block 5 – Tranche 1, a multi-purpose version of the fighter (there is a possibility of attacking ground targets);
Block 8 – Tranche 2, fighter with a new on-board computer;
Block 10 – Tranche 2, with EOC fighter 1, IFF Mode 5, improved DASS, Rangeless ACMI, IRIS-T digital, URVV – AIM-120C-5 AMRAAM, URVZ- GBU-24, GPS-guided weapons,
Paveway III & IV, ALARM, Rafael Litening III;
Block 15 – Tranche 2, with EOC fighter 2, URVZ – TAURUS, УРВВ METEOR, Brimstone, Storm Shadow;
Block 20 – Tranche 2, with EOC fighter 3;
Typhoon S – serial option for member states except the UK;
Typhoon T1 - a training double option for RAF;
Typhoon F2 - single-seat fighter for the RAF;
Typhoon T3 - trainer version of the double modifications Block 5 UK;
Typhoon FGR4 - multipurpose modification option Block 5 for RAF. Modernization has been reduced to the installation of new suspension systems targeting, which were developed by the Israeli company Rafael and replenishment of ammunition guided bombs weighing 450 kilogram (1000 pounds). Bomb EnhancedPaveway II and Paveway II produces the US company Raytheon. These bombs have a laser guidance system, but EnhancedPaveway II This system is complemented by a system GPS-guidance. The effectiveness of "work" on ground targets modernized "Typhoon" checked at the time of the last in Nevada joint British-American scientist Green Flag.
Reducing the radar signature
Although the new fighter does not belong to the category of aircraft (aircraft), performed by "stealth" technology, in its design it has been made a number of design and layout measures, effective to reduce surface scattering (EPR). When designing has been tasked to reduce the ESR with the plane of the front radar irradiation angles four times compared to the value of the aircraft Panavia "Tornado". Among these measures are: recessed and masked input stages input devices engine air intakes (a strong source of electromagnetic reflections). A number of important elements of the reflectivity of the aircraft design (carrying plane, the front edges of the horizontal tail elements - Cunard, and stabilizer) characterized by a large scale, by virtue of which have good reflectivity in the front sector. External suspension guided missiles carried semiflush, allowing partially shield design aircraft missiles suspension of incident EM radiation. The leading portions of reflectivity and structure "Eurofighter" fighter elements covered absorbing materials, mainly the development of EADS / DASA Concern. These include: the leading edge of the wing, inlet edges and inner surfaces of the air intakes, rudder and the adjacent surface, etc.. P. In fighter "Typhoon" has no internal weapons bays. Instead, they use external hardpoints, EPR worsening performance, but, simultaneously, allowing to expand the range of options and used weapons.
Captor onboard radar (Captor-M, ECR-90) mechanically scanned, installed on the fighter "Typhoon", relatively easy, compared with more advanced radar, detected by its own radiation. To reduce electromagnetic radiation on the radar aircraft is equipped with automatic light control system EMCON. Plan of the Ministry of Defense of Germany provided, beginning with 2015 of the year, equipping the Air Force fighter "Eurofighter" Germany's next generation airborne radar Captor-E (CAESAR) based on the active phased array antenna, which will have a significantly smaller radio emission. According to BBC UK EPR data indicators fighter "Eurofighter" better requirements, exposed to the aircraft of the Air Force.[Source Unknown 2476 days] According to the observations of BAE Systems, reflected signal is approximately a fourth part of the corresponding value "Tornado" Plane. The exact value of the EPR fighter is not disclosed, but according to experts it does not exceed 1 square meter excluding external suspension.
The combat effectiveness of the fighter-interceptor "Eurofighter" was demonstrated at the end of 2004 year over the territory of the UK. During the meeting, the British two-seater "Eurofighter" with two American fighter F-15E, on the initiative of Americans, simulated combat engagement. "Eurofighter" managed in a short time, energetic maneuvering to deceive "the enemy" and mimic the defeat of both machines.
armed with
On 31.12.2016
Austria – 15 Typhoon;
Germany – 125 Typhoon;
Italy – 83 Typhoon;
Saudi Arabia – 68 Typhoon;
Spain – 61 Typhoon;
United Kingdom – 141 Typhoon;
Oman – appointment 12 Typhoon;
Kuwait – appointment 28 Typhoon;
Exploitation
Since adopting the plane was used in nearly all NATO operations. 15 February 2017 the Minister of Defense of Austria, Hans-Peter Doskozil he announced, that his agency initiates a lawsuit against the Eurofighter consortium and Airbus company on charges of fraud and deliberate misrepresentation. According to him the decision to purchase Eurofighter fighter Austria was made solely because, that it was based on false information about the cost of the operation and modernization. The amount of the stated limitation of compensation is over 2 billion. euro.
7 July Doskozil he reported, what all 15 Fighter standing on the arms will be written off in the period between 2020 and 2023 year, as unnecessarily expensive to operate and do not comply with requirements to the capabilities of the aircraft to operate in poor visibility conditions and at night. As a possible replacement options discussed F-16 and Saab JAS 39 Gripen.
Avionics
radar: CAPTOR, from 2010 - Afar CAESAR (CAPTOR Active Electronically Scanning Array Radar)
Rope PIRATE (Passive Infra Red Airborne Track Equipment)
– Length: 680 mm
– Width: 591 mm
– Height: 300 mm
– The weight: 48 kg
The performance characteristics of the Eurofighter Typhoon
The crew of the Eurofighter Typhoon
– 1 human (F.2, FGR.4) or 2 man (T.1/T.1A)
Dimensions Eurofighter Typhoon
– Length: 15,96 m
– Wingspan: 10,95 m
– Height: 5,28 m
– wing area: 50 m²
– Sweep angle of the leading edge: 55O
– Ratio Wing elongation: 2,2
Weight Eurofighter Typhoon
– empty weight: 11000 kg EF-2000 Typhoon
– Curb weight: 16000 kg
– Maximum takeoff weight: 23500 kg
– fuel weight: 5000 kg (in internal tanks)
Engines Evrofayter Typhoon
– engines: 2× ТРДДФ Eurojet EJ 200
Link Eurofighter Typhoon
– maximum: 2× 6120 kgf (60 kN)
– Furious at: 2× 9180 kgf (90 kN)
Fuel consumption Eurofighter Typhoon
– Specific fuel consumption without afterburner 0,76 kgf kg per hour
– Specific fuel consumption in afterburner 1,7 kgf kg per hour
Speed Eurofighter Typhoon
– full speed:
– on high: 2450 kmh (M=2,3)
– near the ground: 1400 kmh (M=1,2)
Takeoff run Eurofighter Typhoon
– 700 m (Curb)
Combat range Eurofighter Typhoon
– in fighter mode: 1389 km
– in shock airplane mode: 601 km
Ferry range Eurofighter Typhoon
– 3790 km
Practical ceiling Eurofighter Typhoon
– 19 812 m
– Skoropodъёmnost: >315 m / s
– Acceleration time at low altitude 370 to 1200 kmh: 30 from
– Wing loading: 311 kg / m
– thrust-to-weight ratio: 1,18
– Maximum operational overload: −3/+9 g
– EPR: 1 m² (without external suspension)
Armament Eurofighter Typhoon
– cannons: 1× 27 mm rifle Mauser BK-27 (Eng.) the root of the right wing
– Nodes suspension arms: 13
– combat load: ~ 7500 kg of various weapons:
– Missiles "air-to-air": AIM-9 Sidewinder, AIM-132 ASRAAM, AIM-120 AMRAAM, IRIS-T and in the future MBDA Meteor
– Missiles "air-ground": AGM-84 Harpoon, AGM-88 HARM, ALARM, Storm Shadow, Brimstone, Taurus, Penguin and AGM Armiger future
– bombs: Paveway 2, Paveway 3, Enhanced Paveway, JDAM, HOPE/HOSBO;
– Lazernaya reconnaissance system, eg, контейнер LITENING.
Photo Eurofighter Typhoon
Cab Eurofighter Typhoon
