The history of this aircraft began in 1916 g. In that year, the English pilot and designer of the D. De Havilland created a multi-purpose aircraft D.H.4, which quickly went into production in Britain and the US, where they have made more 6000 machines. Then it built an improved version D.H.9, the pilot's seat on it was moved back and closer to the arrow, and the forward part has become more streamlined. Installing it on the engine "Liberty" has led to the emergence of a new model - D.H.9A.
This unit has been recognized as one of the best front-line reconnaissance and bomber of its time. In accordance with allied arrangements between England and in Russia 1917 g. at the Moscow plant "Duque" drawings come D.H.4. for its licensed production. However, the lack of engines and materials retard the. During the Civil War to an end 1920 g. the Red Army was more 20 samoletov D.H.4 and D.H.9, captured from the enemy. Institute "Duke", renamed State aircraft plant № 1, based on existing drawings and captured aircraft began to prepare the documentation for the construction of aircraft type D.H.4. The task was entrusted to the Chief of the Technical Department NN plant. Polikarpovu.
TO 1923 g. factory produced 66 samoletov D.H.4. At the beginning 1923 g. factory design department was organized (KO), headed NN. Polikarpov. His first task was to manufacture D.H.9A working drawings with the engine "Liberty". In February 1923 g. Chief KO appointed DP. G., but in 1924 g. Polikarpov return to the old position. In this way, both constructors were involved in the development of the airplane, subsequently the designation P-1.
R-1 was a single-plane double biplane wooden structure. Compared with the English he had a prototype design, calculated for metric dimension, and the material instead of the American ate replaced Siberian pine. Construction of the first sample resulted in April 1923 g. In May, a test pilot BI. Rossinsky first raised the P-1 in the air. Aircraft Armament originally consisted of one machine-gun-type "Vickers", installed outside the fuselage on the left side, and coaxial machine gun in hand cockpit. Serial production was started even before the first flight of the first machine. P-1 was the first Soviet aircraft, produced in large quantities (just released about 3000 copies).
In order to improve the design of the aircraft and the engine, as well as training of flight personnel at the P-1 several outstanding flights were performed. In the first flight but the route Moscow - Mongolia - China participated in a number of different aircraft, including two P-1. Aircraft F-1 proved to be excellent in this flight, and one of them is running MM. Gromova landed in Tokyo. Combatant pilots also participated in a variety of flights. In June 1927 g. 12 aircraft (Ten R-1) flew in one day from nine different points of the USSR in Moscow.
Far East Ultimatum” – 19-and OAO. The pilot in the cockpit of P-1 with emblem “Fist” 19-th separate aviation detachment of Air Force “Far East Ultimatum”. Built on donations Squadron, at 1929 he took part in the Sino-Soviet conflict on the Chinese Eastern Railway (K.V.ZH.D.)
Without a single forced landing, without accidents and breakdowns all 12 aircraft arrived in Moscow, flying a total of 69 flight hours approximately 10 000 km. Furthermore landplanes P-1, the Navy Aviation consisted sea explorers MR-1 - R-modification 1, mounted on floats. Planes P-1 and MP-1 1929 g. participated in an armed conflict against China. P-1 fighting in Central Asia with the robber bands and helped in the elimination of the uprising in the Caucasus. Planes P-1 (N-1) also used in civil aviation and pilot training schools in CAF. The plane P-1 was a landmark aircraft for the Air Force, and for the aircraft industry.
Performance characteristics of the aircraft F-1
– chief designer: Polikarpov n. n.
– First flight: summer 1924
– End of operation: 1936
– units produced: 2457 (according to other sources 2656)
The crew P-1
– 2 man
The dimensions of the aircraft P-1
– Length: 9,24 m
– Wingspan: 14,024 m
– wing area: 45,0 m² (both wings)
– Wing loading: 49,2 kg / m
Aircraft Weight P-1
– empty weight: 1441 kg
– Normal takeoff weight: 2191 kg
– Mass fuel in internal tanks: 360 kg
Aircraft Engine P-1
– 1 × liquid cooling M-5
– engine power: 1 × 400 l. from. (1 × 294 kW)
– thrust-to-weight ratio: 134 W / kg
speed of the aircraft F-1
– full speed: 202 kmh (near the ground)
– landing speed: 90 kmh
– set the height: 2000 M 10,2 min
– time bend: 30 from
– The length of the run: 250 m
The flight range of the aircraft P-1
– 700 km
aircraft service ceiling of R-1
– 4800 m
aircraft armament F-1
Small-pushechnoe:
– nastupatelnoe: 1 × 7,62 mm machinegun PV-1
– defensive: 2 × 7,62 mm machine gun DA-2 or "Lewis"
combat load: to 400 kg
Photos of the aircraft P-1
Planes P-1 is maintained and infantry attack tanks on maneuvers Red Army
Plane P-1 “fighter kultfronta” – a gift from the team “Teacher's newspaper”
Crew N.A.Sokolova with technique and motorcyclists
Under the fuselage F-1 – “cargo parachute” (glider parachute freight container)
Suspension small bombs under a wing of F-1
The commander of the 19th Aviation Unit pilot M.I.Baturin; Left commander of the 5th separate air squadron pilot Birbuts
