Mi-28N "Night Hunter" – Soviet and Russian attack helicopter, designed to find and destroy in the face of strong enemy fire tanks and other armored vehicles, as well as the low-speed air targets and manpower.
Mi-28N Night Hunter – video
production history
By exploring new helicopter under the designation "article 280", later renamed the "Mi-28", We started in 1970 year, shortly after the death of ML. mile, and was succeeded by Marat Nikolaevich Tishchenko. By that time, the most popular overseas combat helicopter was the American "An-1" "Cobra", whose firepower, despite twice less gross weight, It was significantly higher. "Cobra" was pure shock machine. The helicopter could not carry any people, any goods, providing only burn effect on the enemy. true, He created quite quickly and had a lot of shortcomings. In the United States took into account the experience of its operational use and have begun to develop next-generation helicopter «RAH-66" "Comanche".
When designing the "product 280" MVZ experts examined the possibility of using not only classic layout, but have studied variant twin screw helicopter transverse circuit. The latter under the wing of a large magnitude can be placed in almost any types of weapons, of course, within the carrying capacity. Besides, lift wing eased off overloaded machine with a running start, giving certain advantages over the helicopter classic layout. Transverse pattern characteristic of one more advantage: it allowed, as stated in the book "Moscow Helicopter Plant", catapult crew, without falling into the region of rotation of the rotors, We insisted on by the military. but, looking at the layout of such a machine, One wonders: on a path had to move the chair, to avoid collision with the blades?
Of course, it was possible to apply the device ejection blades followed by ejection of the crew members. This experiment was carried out in 1960. Then test pilot Yu.A.. Garnaev brought the helicopter "Mi-4A" in the Black Sea region and the specified, vklyuchiv autopilot, I left him on a parachute. After a moment unmanned helicopters the rotor blades shooting, and out of the car through the open door safely ejected mannequin, which is also "used" parachute.
Soon, however, the customer changed his views not only on this issue, but also on the tactics of the helicopter. Now we come to the fore flight with terrain following and striking the enemy with small heights, Like so, as does the bomber "Su-24". Follow-up study on cost centers and international experience (while in the United States in full swing carried out studies on the program of a similar rotary-wing attack aircraft "AAS") show, that the most appropriate scheme for the combat helicopter is still a classic. At the same flight on ultra low altitudes allowed completely abandon funds emergency rescue crew - ejection seats. Instead, they suggested the use of energy-intensive hydropneumatic spring main landing gear with optional emergency course, absorb much energy during a crash landing, and the respective crew seats, allowing the landing speed to the vertical 12 m / s. Chassis at the same time was fixed gear with tail wheel. The latter was due to the conditions of the helicopter transporting the cargo plane.
"Article 280" is gradually acquiring its own identity. Initially, the new helicopter borrowed much from the "Mi-24". Even the effect of "flying infantry fighting vehicle" can be clearly seen in its full-size layout. Fighting in Afghanistan has shown, that the most vulnerable point of "Mi-24" was the main gearbox. Hit "Stinger" missiles in this unit immediately inference engine failure, sometimes leaving no chance for the survival of the crew. Therefore, "Mi-28" changed the location of the engine; now they covered a main gearbox, and to reduce the risk of their missiles with IR homing heads mounted on the nozzles for conventional combat vehicles cost center screen-exhaust device. The latter leads to stronger mixing of hot gases from the slipstream from the main rotor and, Consequently, reduced infrared signature machine in half to two times.
Detailed design of the helicopter began in 1980 year after defending conceptual design. In August of the same year the Council of Ministers of the USSR Presidium of the Commission on Military-Industrial Issues, Considering the importance of helicopters produced and without waiting for approval by the customer layout its final version, I decided on the construction of two prototypes. The first serial "Mi-28" manufactured assumed in 1994 year at an aircraft factory in Rostov.
Although experience has shown a number of local wars, that every helicopter type should do the trick: landing - land fighters, and attack - to clear the bridgehead and support ground forces, on "Mi-28" retained a small booth "spetspassazhirov". In this area, with a door on the left side and can accommodate up to three people, including helicopter equipment or special forces, evacuated from the territory of the enemy.
Location cockpit and the shape of their lights at first (in the drawings and layouts) They were like "Mi-24". The final glazed cockpit and navigator made flat, as in the first modification of "Mi-24".
Has undergone a major change in the chassis scheme. Engines TV3-117VM spread throughout Bead, thereby protecting the main gearbox VR-28. This has a positive impact on the vitality of the machine in case of defeat of one of the engines. At the same time on the prototype "Mi-28" screen-exhaust device located behind the engine, and their air intakes - of nacelles. To simplify maintenance and reduce the complexity of the preparation machine to the flight significantly reduced number of mechanical articulations rotor, by replacing their elastomeric bearings. This has reduced the number of lubrication points. Decreased and the number of connections with a calibrated tightening nuts, requiring periodic inspection.
Since the main mode "Mi-28" is a low-altitude flight, then when you create a lot of attention paid to ergonomics, which allowed the crew to focus on the fight against ground targets. all machine management systems put together in such a way, to the left panel, lever "step-gas" and the helicopter control knobs are controls, used in flight, and on the right remote - controls, necessary only for training to fly. It is possible to accelerate the perception of useful information flyer, to automate information processing and control systems, ensure priorities in choosing weapons and have a great view from the cockpit.
The new helicopter has been developed aiming and flight-navigation complex ccPDP-28.
The structure of the helicopter arsenal included 30mm cannon "2A42" on installation NPPU-28, which, as it appears, It should be heavier artillery system "B-80", but more mobile. Although it is much smaller ammunition - 250 rounds, but implements deviation angles in the vertical plane varied from -110 ° to + 110 ° in the horizontal plane from -40 ° to + 13 °.
weapon, like a helicopter "Kamov", designed to deal with lightly armored targets at ranges up to 1500 m, and ATGM "Ataka" and "Storm-VM" - with tanks at ranges of up to 6000 m, with a manpower of the enemy, as well as with air subsonic targets at altitudes up to 2000 m and slant range to 2500 m. In addition to the wing suspension units permitted rockets blocks "B-5V35", "B-8V20" or "B-13L1", helicopter unified pods GID and machine-gun in embodiments grenade, containers of small cargoes KMGU-2 mines and bombs of small caliber. It was possible to hang the universal gun pods UPK-23-250 with ammunition 250 rounds, aviabombı calibration 250 and 500 kg and additional fuel tanks. On the wingtips of the aircraft provided protection devices mountings of guided missiles "HC-26".
Flight testing of the first prototype of "Mi-28" (board number 012) started 10 November 1982 year hovering near the ground, and nine days later the pilot GR. Karapetyan and navigator VV. Tsygankov first performed on it circling. The first instance of "Mi-28" was intended to determine the performance characteristics and initial, except artillery system, I had no other weapons. In the autumn 1983 year for tests connected second flying machine instance. It was planned to test the weapons. A major shortcoming of both prototypes was low resource transmission and bearing system, perfecting which spent a lot of time.
In October 1983 It was held a meeting of representatives of the Ministry of Defense and Aviation Industry, where the majority of the participants expressed a preference for "B-80" as a machine, offering the best flight-technical data and the most advantageous price-performance ratio. During the discussion, the chief of department of TsAGI ES. Vozhdayev noted, that "B-80" superior "Mi-28" of static ceiling and climb, and Deputy Head of the Research Institute of Aviation Systems VA. Stefanov drew attention to the greater efficiency of supersonic anti-tank "Whirlwind". At the same time noted, that the efficiency of the mobile artillery gun NPPU-28 helicopter above MVZ, than the "Ka-50" due to its greater mobility. However, for some reason, no one has said, that the ammunition for the gun in the "Mi-28" is substantially less, than the "B-80". Nevertheless, representatives of leading industrial institutions stressed the obvious advantages of "K-50".
Just consider and military, including the heads of the 4th Department of the branch NII VVS AS. Beževca and 30 go CNII VVS A.P. Molotkova. It seriously hurt the general designer MVZ MN. Tishchenko, because the largest order went to another CB, and the founders of combat helicopters remained out of work. It was enought to "delight". Trying to save the "Mi-28", Tishchenko began to assert, MN. Tishchenko - General Designer MVZ named ML. Mile one pilot, based on security conditions, can not low-level detect and identify the purpose, and even more to shoot out of a cannon. And then we remember the experience of war in Afghanistan, where all of these operations on the "Mi-24P" served no navigator, and pilot.
Easier "B-80", distinguished by aerodynamic symmetry and thus better maneuverability and easy piloting technique, makes good use of gun and rocket weapons. Inspired confidence and ATGM "Whirlwind", which, true, It was not yet in service, but the results of its testing and achieving the stated characteristics did not cause doubts.
At the same meeting, a comparison of single "B-80" aircraft with shock, Flying at about 1000 km / h at altitudes 20-30 m. In this case, they had no problem finding and identification of detected targets, selection and use of weapons. The helicopter is also the speed was "B-80" three times less, and the time to perform all operations, involving the use of weapons, - three times more! But representatives of the cost centers continued to persist. Chief Designer of OKB NI. Kamov SV. Mikheyev did not engage in polemics with Tishchenko, although he had a right to. He only said, "If one pilot on our helicopter to cope with the, they would have to do two helicopter-competitor, it will be a victory ".
Here it should be clarified. The whole experience of combat use of ground-attack aircraft "IL-2" and "IL-10" during the Great Patriotic War, "Su-25" and the American "A-10" in today's armed conflicts and local wars demonstrates the capabilities of single machines. On the "IL-2" and "IL-10" of the second member of the crew performed a duty radio operator-gunner and to destroy ground targets had nothing. Acting on the battlefield, pilot "Eli", fly at a speed, commensurate with modern combat helicopters, I did not have modern means of target detection. At the same time, he carried out a visual search goals, chosen means of destruction - large caliber gun or guns, bombs or missiles - and successfully coped with the task.
The same is performed, and pilots single "SU-25" and "A-10" at twice the speed of flight, and no one is not in doubt, although the possibility of army air defense repeatedly increased. Armament same helicopter gunships remained almost the, as well as on aircraft, attack aircraft of World War II, except guided missiles. The difference between modern helicopters and airplanes battlefield is only in their armor protection. So, cabin "Su-25" the pilot of the aircraft is made of titanium-20 armor ABVT, withstand falling anti-aircraft missiles and shells of caliber 37 mm. That would be a helicopter, but in this case it will be too heavy. Just one example. "Su-25" armor save lives flyer AV. Rutskoi after getting into his plane AIM-7 "Sparrow" missile with a warhead weighing 40 kg.
Generally, customer that day was entirely on the side of the OKB NI. Kamova, and, Summing up the meeting, Air Force Commander stated, that the choice of the helicopter "Ka-50" for further testing and mass production took place. MVZ also recommended the establishment on the basis of "Mi-24" new export version, for which the "Storm" and "Attack" is quite suitable rocket. will be held 20 years, and LVU speak, that one of the reasons for the failure of "Mi-28N" are the rocket, where the customer insisted.
But then no one could have imagined, that soon after the untimely death of Air Force Commander PS. Kutakhov in November 1984 year life will make serious changes in the "biography" of both machines. true, in December of the same year, the aviation industry and leading institutions of the Defense Ministry confirmed its decision on the further development of "B-80". But the cost center management continues to put pressure on the customer in the face of the new Air Force Commander AN. Efimova, claiming, that based on security conditions one pilot will not be able to use low-level anti-tank. This time, industrialists suddenly have an ally in the person of specialists of the Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine AV. Chuntulov and VV. Davydova. In their opinion, pilot at low altitudes could not concentrate on piloting, search and attack anti-tank missiles purposes.
I remember a meeting with the head of the helicopter department of the Air Force Institute GI. Kuznetsov, when he recounts these events, led only to a tightening of adopting and deploying large-scale production as the country needs "B-80". But that, who was right in the dispute, be able to judge a time, and while the new Air Force command continued comparative tests of helicopters, this time modified "Mi-28A" and "B-80". If coaxial helicopters major scourge is just whipping rotor blades, then machines, performed by the classical scheme, there have been cases, when at low altitude tail rotor blades clung obstacles, especially the wires and trees, and the main rotor cut by his own tail booms. Loss of machine in such cases is inevitable, can not be said about the helicopter coaxial. In confirmation of what has been said, we conducted an experiment, shooting the helicopter coaxial rear fuselage with feathers. In this case, the helicopter made a safe landing. Joint tests of the second instance "B-80" (board number 011) passed with 21 June 20 September 1984 of the year, and their follow-up in October, the Minister of Aviation Industry signed a decree on the preparation of serial production of helicopters.
Take this opportunity to, a few words should be said about the first production series of the helicopter "AH-64A", "Apache", which began to come into service in the US Army 1984 year. Then, NATO experts, "Apache" was considered the most perfect of all combat helicopters, was held at the NATO countries armed. It was created for the clock to combat enemy tanks, wherein in adverse weather conditions and high saturation military battlefield defense means. The helicopter had good maneuverability and high speed flight. Its design is designed for an overload of -1,5 to +3,5 g. Engines equipped with a special device, diffusing the exhaust gases and reduces their temperature. Rotor blades kept from entering caliber bullets 12,7 mm. Chassis - fixed landing, which significantly increased the useful load the helicopter. In the "AN-64A" set X-shaped tail rotor, which is much more efficient than conventional. Looks like, it is a technical solution for a cost center experts have borrowed the third prototype of "Mi-28A".
Armament "AH-64A" includes: ATGM "Hellfire" with laser guidance system, 30-mm gun with ammunition M230 1200 rounds, located between the main landing gear, and unguided missiles. Gun control and anti-tank can be applied for the first time on the "Apache" helmet-mounted target designation system. For combating air targets provided missiles "air-to-air" AIM-92 "Stinger". All weapons in various combinations placed on four wing hardpoints. As can be seen from foreign sources, the use of two independent hydraulic systems, armor cabin and the most important parts of the airframe systems and has created a machine, capable of performing combat missions and keep the survivability even when hit in her 23-mm shells. Comparison of key data on all three shows, that they are the most similar characteristics "B-80" and "AH-64A". As for the "Mi-28", it was the most difficult, and therefore less mobile.
To evaluate the combat effectiveness from September 1985 to August 1986 year Gorokhovetsky range Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (Vladimir region) continued public comparative tests. By the time the industry could put only one "B-80" and "Mi-28" (second flying prototype, board number 022). The flights are carried out on test pilots the Air Force Institute under the leadership of Colonel GI. Kuznetsova. In this case, each of the helicopter planned 45 flight. At this stage, the intensity of Flight "B-80" was considerably less because of the frequent failure of laser-day television channel complex "Squall-In" and the lack of modern ATGM "Whirlwind". Comparative tests were completed in mid-September. The number of flight credits "B-80" has reached 24, and missile launches - 18, the "Mi-28" much more, but it did not affect the outcome of the contest.
The effectiveness of "K-50" was significantly higher, impact higher characteristics PTUR 9A4172 complex "Vortex" (in its composition also includes clock surveillance-attack system I-251 "Squall" and Aviation launcher AAP-6), a destructive force which goals reached 8 km, and the upper limit corresponds to the tactical and technical specifications (TTZ), and "Attack" - a little more 5 km.
Arsenal "B-80" in addition to built-gun and anti-tank complex "Vortex" included CPC-23-250 universal containers with the ammunition for 250 rounds, aviabombı caliber Stock 500 kg, rockets (THEIR) in blocks B-5V35, B-8V20 (to 80 NAR "C-8" caliber 80 mm) or B-13L1 (20 "C-13" caliber 122 mm), unified helicopter nacelle GID with 30 mm grenade launchers or 12.7 mm, or 7.62 mm machine guns, containers of small cargoes KMGU-2 mines and bombs of small caliber. There were homing missiles to combat air targets.
Arsenal «Mi-28», except permanent mobile unit NPPU-28 gun 2A42, included to 16 anti-tank guided supersonic missiles 9M120 complex "Attack-In" (a radar guidance system) 9M114 or complex "Sturm-In" with radio command guidance system (maximum launch range 6000 m) or up to four short-range missiles "air-to-air" P-60 with infrared homing.
In all holders also allow the deployment of rockets blocks in the B blocks 5V35, B-8V20 or B-13L1, Unified helicopter gondolas GUV. Permitted suspension and small cargo containers KMGU-2. On holders under the wing could also post aerial bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg or additional fuel tanks.
For protection against guided missiles to "Mi-28" served as the instrument jamming radar and guided missiles with infrared and radar homing heads (Ejection device jamming cartridges HC-26), as well as prevention of irradiation apparatus helicopter radars and laser designators enemy.
According to the instructions of the cabin crew and the basic units of "Mi-28" should have armor protection. but what? This was to determine the cost center professionals named ML. mile. Using helicopter ultrasmall heights reduces the effectiveness of anti-aircraft missiles, and come first small-caliber antiaircraft artillery, as well as manual automatic weapons. Not excluded and dueling situation helicopters of the opposing sides in the air, but here in the first place rose the problem of protection of the machine side and rear, because the frontal attack is considered unlikely and virtually excluded from the bottom. Based on this, We developed a reservation scheme, protecting the crew from direct hits caliber bullets 12,7 mm and shell fragments 23-mm guns, (according to other sources, caliber shells 20 mm "Vulcan" Cannon).
Tests showed once again, that a significant disadvantage of domestic cars has been the inability to combat operations at night, because it did not meet the requirements of the customer specifications TV system "Mercury" Night Vision.
Nevertheless, it is time to demonstrate the capabilities of both cars high authorities, and in October 1986 year Gorokhovetsky landfill visited Defense Minister Marshal of the Soviet Union SV. Sokolov, where he personally verify the possibility of "K-50" and "Mi-28". The meeting, after last flight, military appreciated the "Mi-28", but the preference is still given to "K-50". By that time it experienced the third prototype of the "K-50" (board number 012) with surveillance and search and sighting system (OPS), Built in December 1985 year and is intended to complete the program evaluation of performance machine. The structure consisted of OPS: sighting and flight-navigation system "Rubicon" and the day of laser-television channel complex "Squall-In", information display system and weapon control, nashlemnaya reconnaissance system, FDC-board computers H (navigation) and BCVM-B (combat missions).
Despite the preference for, Give the "K-50", the struggle between the two helicopter design bureau continued. AT 1987 year on the basis of the decision of the CC CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers № 1420-355 from 14 December «Mi-28A", export-oriented, We launched into mass production at the Rostov helicopter plant "Rostvertol".
Mi-28A
"Mi-28" test the first prototypes were completed by 1986 year, at the same time confirmed by government decree specified performance characteristics. However, if a customer wanted to expand the range of operating overloads, because the stocks of cars handling allowed to do so.
The construction of the upgraded version of the machine under the designation of "Mi-28A" was completed in 1987 year. Outwardly it differed from its predecessors screen layout, cooling devices, and flows out of them gas jets, mixed with cold air, directed sideways, as it was before, and down. it, in its turn, It reduced the probability of hitting the car with missiles with infrared homing heads. Three-blade tail rotor of "Mi-24" was replaced chetyrehlopastnym X-shaped. This solution, will reduce the noise and improve the handling of the machine, apparently, borrowed from the "AN-64", "Apache" US helicopter, since previously it never occurred.
Modified the rotor blade and the hydraulic system. The main gearbox remains the same BP-28, But if you look inside the machine, there can be detected and new equipment. tests have shown, the helicopter is able to perform a "hill" near the ground with 2.65 times overload. Increased flight speed side and back (tail first) at up to 100 kmh, facilitated to perform reversals hover with angular velocity until 45 city. / c. Furthermore, 6 May 1993 year test pilot GR Karapetyan, co-driver test-C. Seregin the first time in our country is carried out on "Mi-28A" "noose", and then the "barrel". While in combat performance of such complex aerobatics is unlikely to be useful, but as a publicity stunt impressed.
The first copy of "Mi-28A" (board number 032) built in accordance with the government decree on 14 December 1987 of the year, and its flight tests began in January next year. As the helicopter intended for deliveries abroad, the cost center started its advertising. For a start 1989 was the first to demonstrate the machine at the Air Show at Le Bourget, and then - at the exhibition in Red Hill (near London) and last of all at home - during the air show in Tushino. Demonstration of "Mi-28A" abroad has attracted the attention of China's military and certain countries in South-East Asia. But financial difficulties in the country are not allowed to fully expand the mass production of cars.
In the same 1989 year at the Rostov Helicopter Plant "Rostvertol" started development of its serial production. In the future, based on "Mi-28A" provided for the creation of the night version of the machine under the designation of "Mi-28N", able to conduct combat operations in adverse weather conditions, at any time of day.
After the first meeting with the "Mi-28" NATO experts assigned to her designation Havoc-A, which translates as "the spoiler". Testing a second prototype "Mi-28A" (board number 042) began only in January 1991 of the year. The machine was equipped with a 2200 hp engine TV 117VMA. In this power supply allows you to continue the flight in the event of failure of one of them. In addition to this range of weapons has been expanded, but its major types were still missiles "Attack-In" complex "Sturm-In". tests culminating in the participation of "Mi-28A" in combined exercises at Gorokhovets, held in September 1993 of the year, after which the customer has once again turned its attention to the double attack helicopter. At the stage of joint with factory test customer on "Mi-28A" flown by test pilots EDO VI. Bondarenko, VV. Bukharin, YU.F. Chapaev and navigator VS. The black, and from the Air Force Institute: pilots VV. Yudin, IN AND. Kostin, S.S. Sučuškin, NV. Kolpakov, AS. Popeye and V.A. Puhvatov, navigators LS. Danilov VI. Obezyanin.
AT 1993 year, after the end of the first phase of the state tests, "Mi-28A", It was obtained preliminary conclusion customer, allowed to start production of the initial series. At the same time, First Deputy Minister of Defense A. Coco said tire, that the helicopter fits well in a long-term program of arms of the Russian army.
The preparation of serial production "Mi-28A" on the plant "Rostvertol" in Rostov-on-Don began in 1994 year. At the same time under the leadership of Director General MV. Nagibina the company restructured the entire production process under production of a new car, but that was the end.
Iraqi military helicopter interested, however, concluded in the autumn 1990 years of his sale, and licensed production agreement had remained on paper. Keep an eye to the helicopter and the Europeans, in particular the Swedes and Turks, but here in the way of "Mi-28A" Americans stood with his "Apache". It did not help even the ability to perform helicopter aerobatics figures complex.
Due to lack of funding delayed the work, helicopter equipment was morally outdated. In this regard, Chief Designer MV MVZ. Weinberg in coordination with the military to stop work on "Mi-28A" and concentrated all his efforts on the creation of "night" version - "Mi-28N" with an entirely new set of integrated avionics.
Mi-28H
The first prototype of "Mi-28N" (OP-1, board number 014) altered from "Mi-28A" (board number 032). Outwardly, it gave out a cylindrical radome radar, a sleeve disposed over the rotor. Later this form spherical fairing replaced. We made a change to the design and installation of artillery. At the same time dismantled gun mask. In addition to the new equipment at the main gearbox VR-28 helicopter was replaced by BP-29, more power for up to transfer to the screws on the engine noticeably TV3-117VMA series 02, by the way, equipped with modernized automatic control system.
In the media reported, that new steel rotor blades, but, judging by the photos, they have remained the same, how and «Mi-28A». maybe, change blade design, but not in terms of their appearance. According to the developer, the All-plastic blades kept getting caliber shells to 30 mm.
The main element, lets talk about "Mi-28N" as a new combat helicopter, It is mounted on the set of avionics, created on the basis of surveillance-sighting, piloting and navigation systems Ramenskii instrumentation design bureau. This complex allows "Mi-28N" combat missions at any time and in any weather conditions at low altitudes with rounding in an automated terrain. The equipment of the complex allows you to search, detection and identification purposes, keeping group fighting with automatic redistribution purposes between helicopters, ground and airborne command post. An important component of this complex was supposed to be the radar with all-round visibility. In the early stages of creating machines considered two radar: "Crossbow" and HO-25. We chose the latter, created by specialists of FSUE "Ryazan State Instrument Plant". But the station is not immediately installed. Flight tests of the prototype NO-25 on the first prototype of "Mi-28N" (OP-1) began only in February 2007 of the year, and then continued at the pre-production machine (board number 36), wherein the antenna in the spherical fairing.
In addition to the helicopter mounted gyrostabilized optronic surveillance and aiming OPS-28 station, combined with a laser rangefinder and a guidance system ATGM. To facilitate the piloting provided turret optoelectronic system TOES-521 with TV and IR channels. Both systems are located in the forward fuselage: The first - in a rotary cylindrical container with a flat optical windows, and the second - between it and the antenna of the radio command ATGM "Ataka".
Integrated set of on-board equipment is constructed using digital calculators, and all flight and navigation, sighting and other information in the cockpits of the pilot and the navigator is displayed on the liquid crystal multifunction displays (three in each cabin), It is making it possible to fly at night at low altitude, but not less than five meters.
There are also helmet-mounted target designation system and night vision goggles. Control of the machine is left, as before, from the rear cockpit.
Armament "Mi-24N" at that time consisted of a gun "2A42" caliber 30 mm, ATGM "Ataka" and missiles "air-to-air" "Needle", HAP "C-8", "C-13" and "C-24B", and ballistic bombs caliber up 500 kg. As follows from the promotional materials MVZ named ML. mile, "Mi-28N" and its export version of "Mi-28NE" designed to find and destroy armored vehicles (including tanks), enemy personnel, destruction of protected objects and surface targets (trench lines and fortifications), combat aircraft day and night and adverse weather conditions. "Mi-28N" may be used not only in land theaters of hostilities, but over the waters to destroy the boats and other small vessels and placing minefields.
Roll-out of the first prototype helicopter "Mi-28N" (OP-1, board number 014), received in our country the nickname "Night Hunter", and NATO - Havoc-B, took 16 August 1996 of the year. However, the test pilot VV. Yudin and navigator SV. Nikulin able to perform its first flight only 14 November of the same year, although it was planned in 1995 year. Then came a break until April 1997 of the year. The tests took place slowly. Affected and chronic lack of money, and the lack of radar nadvtulochnoy. Because of this, the preparation for serial production "Mi-28N" by "Rostvertol" completed in the first half of 1999 and in 2002 year money "Rostvertol" started assembling the second prototype (OP-2, board number 02). The car could only muster the spring 2004 year already on customer funds. By the time the radar radome finally decided to make spherical. Twenty-fifth day of March for the first time the helicopter took to the skies, and six days later it began factory flight tests. At the same time it was announced about the intentions of the Ministry of Defense to order 300 helicopters of this type. On this occasion, Air Force Commander VS. Mikhailov said, that "this unique helicopter in the world is, and all its components completely Russian-made ". TO 2010 , the armed forces were planning to buy 50 such machines.
Need to say, the future as "Mi-28N", and like him a night version of "Ka-52" in those years, still seemed very uncertain. The commander of the army aviation Vitaly Pavlov noted then, that both cars will be adopted by, but some of them will be exported, It will only be known after the state tests. Factory tests were completed 18 January 2005 in Rostov-on-Don, and he flew to Moscow for the flight test and development base of the plant named after ML. mile. In February of that year, General Director of JSC "Rostvertol" B. Told locksmiths, "Helicopter successfully tested, making up to four flights per day. It is very much, because the information necessary to decrypt and analyze after each flight ".
In the spring of that year, a contract was signed for the supply of the Ministry of Defense of the three pre-production "Mi-28N". In June, the developers of the helicopter and the Air Force specialists have started joint factory testing of the new combat vehicle, and at the end 2005 year presented it on state tests.
Twenty-seventh day of December 2005 the year the first machine installation series (board number 32) demonstrated in flight high heads. At the ceremony attended by Air Force Commander in. Mikhailov, General Director of JSC "Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant named" A. Shibitov and the mayor of Rostov-on-Don M. Chernyshev. The same day, Mikhailov noted, that in just two months (in the final period of testing. - Note. order.) «Mi-28H» (including prototypes) completed 103 flight, of them 96 - credits. He then summed up the overall "We have made more than three hundred flights, - the general said, - of which only seventeen nezachetnye, so Collect five percent of test flights are not credited. I have other such equipment can not be called, where there was such a high-GOAL… The first helicopters will begin life is in the south of Russia, specifically, in the 55th helicopter regiment Korenovsk (Krasnodar region)». Need to mark, that the tests "Night Hunter" confirmed the possibility to continue level flight with one engine, which is important not only in combat conditions, but in peacetime.
The first stage of joint state tests completed 4 Martha 2006 of the year. State Commission headed by Air Force Commander in. Mikhailov. Completion Test "Mi-28N" with a positive result was the basis for the release of a mounting series, intended for military trials. planned, that the first seven "Mi-28N" entered service in the Russian army 2006 year, but this term is not sustained. In the autumn of the same year "Rostvertol" handed over to the customer the second preproduction sample (№ 01-02), and then the third. All at the final stage of state tests used five helicopters, including prototypes.
With the increasing pace of production "Rostvertol" planned to produce at least 20-25 vehicles per year, given the interest in them from foreign customers, including Algeria, India and China. expected, that the cost of "Mi-28N" will be lower, than the American helicopters «AH-64D» «Apache». Total in Rostov in August 2007 Year built four pre-series machines. In addition to the contract for the delivery of three "Mi-28N", signed in 2005 year, "Rostvertol" had to collect military still 16 series "Night Stalker", the foremost of them - 2008 year.
The first flight of "Mi-28N" with a fully operational radar BUT-25 held 16 February 2007 of the year, and in October, the first stage of public testing machine. In the same month, the commander of the army aviation, Major General in. Ivanov said at a meeting with journalists on the first four "Mi-28N" (the number of pre-production machines), received by the 334 th PPI and PLC. In April 2008 the year the company "Rostvertol" started production tests "Mi-28N" from the VK-2500 engines at takeoff power 2400 HP. In July last message of the completion of the next phase of testing, "Mi-28N 'in the mountains, confirmed the possibility of using the machine in the daytime from the sites, located at a height of up to 3000 m. Besides, flights performed in the mountains at night, landing on unmarked sites, located at an altitude of 2500 m above sea level, using night vision goggles, as well as with the performance of combat maneuvering at night in the mountain gorges and over rough terrain.
Since a long time there was no trainer version with dual control helicopter, then for crew training, and especially the pilots, in the suburban CSTS "Dynamics" was created by ground simulators - a full-scale cabin mock-up with the crew working spaces and imitators controls. It is provided with flood lighting intensity and spectrum, typical when dealing with real helicopter cabin illumination systems.
On the sixth mounting machine series, which became the prototype of the export version of "Mi-28NE", top nacelles mounted additional air intakes, apparently, for Supreme Court. These devices are fully extended to the production machines. In June 2007 , the export version of "Mi-28NE" shown on Aviation and Space Salon in Paris. That summer the helicopter tested in a hot and dry climate with high dust levels. The car was tested day and night, and with all types of standard weapons. As reported in the media, "Harsh desert climate helicopter demonstrated high flight and technical performance. Fire tests were conducted with a rating of "excellent".
In recent days, the retiring 2008 , the state commission, chaired by Air Force Commander A. Zelina came to the conclusion about the possibility of adopting a "Mi-28N" and the continuation of the tests "Ka-52". In this way, "Mi-28N 'has become the main attack helicopter of Army Aviation. At the same time it was planned in the next four years to pass the Army Aviation 100 «Mi-28H» (two squadrons per year).
The final form of the helicopter in addition to the built-in tools may be located external suspension cannon universal containers with 23-250 CCP-guns "GSH-23L". There are several options ATGM, including 9M120, 9M120F or 9A220, and 9M114, set of control equipment and launch modules "Sagittarius" for automated remote single, sequential or salvo missile launch 9M39-2 "Needle-B" for combating air targets, NAR "P-8" and "C-13" in the blocks B-8V20-A1 and B-13L1 respectively, calibrating a site aviabombı 100, 250 and 500 kg. If necessary, small cargo containers suspended KMGU-2 bomblets and mines, as well as standardized helicopter gondola GID with machine guns or grenade launchers.
ATGM "Sturm-BH" The system is designed to defeat moving and stationary armored targets, concrete shelters, short-range air defense systems, manpower in shelters and open areas, low-flying low-speed air targets. According to this published data PTUR able to penetrate the armor of the tank to a thickness 950 mm when the absence of the reactive armor. If this is true, when firing on the tank "M1A2" "Abrams" with armor protection frontal protection fragments, equivalent thickness armor 850 mm, and not equipped with dynamic protection, the likelihood of injury is high enough. true, it is also necessary to check in battle. Perfectly same domestic armor no doubt today. Proof of this was the message from the 26 February 2016 year of, that "Adventure of so-called Free Syrian Army province Aleppo put in a tank" T-90 "from American heavy rocket complex anti BGM-71 TOW (the maximum range - 4500 m, speed - 278-320 m / s, armor penetration - to 900 mm with the weight of the warhead about 6 kg). Despite the strong impact and explosion, Tank was completely unharmed ".
Rockets "C-8" with kumulyativnooskolochnoy warhead can pierce armor thickness to 400 mm.
Rocket "S-13T" two-module with permeation HE fragmentation warhead is only able to penetrate the soil to a thickness of 6 m and reinforced concrete floors - up 1 m-fragmentation warhead cumulatively. To combat armored vehicles it is not intended.
A cocoa protection «Mi-28H», to be exact - the crew from small arms ground troops? In the book "Moscow Helicopter Plant named after ML. mile ", published in 1998 year on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the company, said: "To improve the survivability and crew cab body armor provided for the survival, which included a set of ceramic tiles, glued to the frame of the forward fuselage. Besides, protective role fulfilled silicate armored glass. The pilot and navigator were divided armor fences ". The media also reported, that the cabin crew of "Mi-28" fully armored. At the same time, we know, that armor-box crew cabin made of 10-mm sheets of aluminum alloy, stuck on ceramic tiles. Such protection can be an obstacle to the caliber of the bullets 7,62 mm and not more than, because the, eg, armor-piercing incendiary ammunition 7BZ-1 caliber 12,7 mm punches thick armor 20 mm angle 20 degrees at a distance of 750 m. During the fighting in Chechnya helicopter "Mi-24" received substantial damage, even when firing small-caliber weapons 5,45 mm ('NVO' No. 38, 2000 city).
The first copy of "Night Hunter" installation series took to the air 27 December 2005 of the year, and six months later it was transferred to the second stage of the joint state tests. In summer 2007 year "Rostvertol" management report on the implementation of state orders for the production of pre-series "Mi-28N" and after the introduction of improvements in the design documentation on the results of state testing began serial production. The first two series of the helicopter left the assembly shop of the enterprise (board number 41 and 42) at the end 2007 of the year, and in 2009, "Mi-28N 'have adopted. eighth day of April 2011 year from the airfield "Rostvertol" started the next, 34-and in schet "Mi-28N". From its predecessors machine features a number of improvements, including new air intakes engines. apparently, we are talking about the very's taps, which is located on top of the nacelle.
TO 2016 year in service were about 100 machines. Mass exploitation of "Mi-28N" in combat units confirmed, that piloting them available to pilots of average skill, and flight and handling characteristics make it possible to conduct air combat maneuvering. The helicopter is easy to maintain, and used ammunition, communication and management, lubricants compatible with the applicable in the Army.
Mi-28nm
In accordance with the request of the President in 2008 by MVZ specialists began helicopter modernization in the version of "Mi-28nm" with a view to more effective use in any climate and any terrain, reduce radar, acoustic and visual visibility.
25 October 2013 the chief of 344th PPI and PLC reported, that "Mi-28nm" will be significantly different from its predecessor: he will receive the second control in the cockpit of the navigator, new equipment and weapons. In particular, supposed turret optoelectronic TOES-521 system to replace GOES-451M multi-channel.
For "Mi-28nm" is developed and a new auxiliary power unit TA14-130-28.
helicopter tests were scheduled for 2016 year. It reported on the possibility of installation on this machine radar complex "Corporation" Fazatron ", operating in the millimeter wave range. However, in March 2015 year passed the message on the development of the new radar in Ryazan, allowing at the same time keep track of not two, and four goals. In October 2015 years had passed a message about the possibility of a significant increase in the speed of "Mi-28nm" with the new rotor, as well as the almost new navigation and intelligence equipment. In this case, the helicopter will be able to carry out a visual landing ground visibility. can not be excluded, that in the arsenal of machine and will ATGM "Whirlwind" or 9M120D ("Attack-D») with increased start-up range. One can only assume, that the use of them for "Mi-28A" was excluded because of the low resolution optical and targeting system. This should significantly improve the combat capabilities of the machine. If we can fully implement its plans, the helicopter will be more fully up to its name.
Mi-28UB
For a long time there was a strong opinion of experts 334 th PPI and PLC on, that the layout of the front cabin "Mi-28N" does not allow it to equip pilot instructor. This is a significant disadvantage, complicating aircrew transition to new technology. According to Heroes of Russia, Honored military pilot Colonel A. Novikov and deputy chief of the combat training, senior inspector-pilot of the Office of Army Aviation in the General Command of the Air Force Colonel A. red, to solve the second problem of adequate control "on" Mi-28N "failed due to the ergonomic features of the front cabin. The problem for the "Mi-28N", having specific characteristics in piloting and even taxiing, It is a serious obstacle to his fate ". Hopefully in the previously mentioned ground simulators. However, the fall 2009 the year was announced the forthcoming development of a cost center named ML. Mile training and combat helicopter "Mi-28UB". It took him four years, and 9 August 2013 , the "Mi-28N" dual-control made its first flight. This event did not apply, apparently, were some problems. We did not show the car and at the Moscow Aviation and Space Salon in 2013 and 2015 years. Not helicopter presented in May 2016 year at the Moscow helicopter exhibition, Although the same spring of last posts on the deployment of its mass production and signing of a contract with Algeria to buy about 40 machines with dual controls.
Combat application MI-28N
As usual, combat use of any machine, including "Mi-28N", It begins at landfills. So, in summer 2006 , the possibility of the first prototype (OP-1) and the first pre-production copies of "Mi-28N", passing state tests, We decided to test during the Russian-Belarusian exercise "Union Shield-2006". Due to the high flying characteristics of the machine for the preparation of formation flying crews and development tactics work only two preliminary flight took in a pair. During the maneuvers, the crew of "Mi-28N" demonstrated a flight at low altitude terrain following, perform "slides" followed by firing from a dive attack and set for re-strike. On simulated enemy targets produced launch rockets followed by firing them from the onboard gun mount. December 2007 years had passed a message, that the North Caucasus union of the Air Force and Air Defense will receive the "Mi-28N". We had to wait awhile, the first two series of "Mi-28N" "Rostvertol" passed in Torzhok in January next year, and the celebration of this occasion was held 7 February. By mid-summer in Torzhok were four "Night Hunter" (board number 41-44). In March 2009 year six production vehicles used in Torzhok for retraining crews of combat units, and only then "Mi-28N" began to arrive in the 487th separate helicopter regiment in Budennovsk, Stavropol Territory (4-Air Force, North Caucasus Military District). Ahead were still delivery 41 machines from 47, ordered the Ministry of Defense.
nineteenth day of June 2009 year in Torzhok in the Gorokhovets training ground was the first summer event (breaking) a "Mi-28H» (№ 43), piloted by a crew 344th TsBPiPL. During firing unguided rockets into the air intake of a helicopter engines, Located at an altitude of about 40 m, We were products of combustion engines solid HAP, which led to phenomena such as surge. I had to make an emergency landing. touching the ground, helicopter flew low mileage, with the left landing gear hit the pit, and the helicopter rolled over on the left side. Thus it was destroyed rotor and tail boom. The crew was not injured. In mid-December of that year, the customer has received four "Mi-28N". In this way, total production of combat vehicles in 2009 He has made ten units. The second exercise with the use of "Mi-28N" passed with 18 by 22 June 2010 year at the site near the town of Primorsko-Akhtarsk Krasnodar Krai, and with the use of guided missiles "Attack" on ground targets. then 30 June 3 in July - at the landfill teachings 70 km away from Budennovsk, Stavropol Territory as part of a helicopter squadron of ten "Mi-28N". helicopter crews perform fire missions, destroying ground targets from guns and unguided rockets. In October 2010 the Air Force has received 15 machines. Four of them were transferred to the Budyonnovsk, and the rest - in Korenovsk.
The first catastrophe "Mi-28N" (board number 05 blue, serial number 03-01), which claimed the life of a pilot Lieutenant Colonel A. glossy, It took place 12 February 2011 of the year. The helicopter crew made an emergency crash landing three kilometers from the village Praskoveya Budennovsk district. Then the Ministry of Defense explained, that the cause of the accident was an involuntary start unguided missiles instead of the planned shot out of a cannon. it happened, when the helicopter was at an altitude 400 m. According to other information, machine crew, Located at an altitude 600 m, reported the head of the flight of the machine malfunctions. The commander decided to make an emergency landing, but on 400 m disrupted helicopter pilot. If, however, the tragedy occurred when rockets fired, it is a serious defect in the machine, associated with the surge phenomena in engines and gave themselves felt twice. In the same year "Rosvertol" Air Force put six more "Mi-28N". In January 2012 it was reported to equip "the Mi-28N" military unit in Smolensk, a 16 August Mozdok in the performance of a hard landing podlomali another "Night Hunter". In the same 2012 by helicopter aerobatic team "Golden Eagles" moved to the "Mi-28N". During her flight could be observed in August 2013 in the suburban g. Zhukovsky, and in September 2014 - in Gelendzhik. Judging by the board number, these machines were the usual "Night Hunter", and should not be considered as belonging to the aerobatic team.
An important event in the "biography" of "Mi-28N" was the fall 2013 of the year, when the Minister of Defense machine orders have adopted. However, this does not mean, that the helicopter reached the top of perfection and has been fully tested and brought up to standard. Aeronautical engineering is so complex, that the case of latent defects or aerodynamic "effects" presented its surprises after decades. This happens in our country, and abroad. I was no exception and the "Night Hunter". Tragedy turned flight "Mi-28N" (board number 15, registration number of the RF-95316) aerobatic team "Golden Eagles" at the air show "Aviadarts-2015" on the ground Dubrovich in the Ryazan region. On August when the figure of "the dissolution of the" helicopter banked to the right and "fell" to the left with rotation, like the so-called "pick-up", ie helicopter flat spin. "Mi-28N" decreased slowly with the engine running, indicating that the crew of the control of the machine. However, the landing was hard and caused the death of the pilot and. Butenko. After this tragedy was discussed several versions of what happened, including the occurrence of a vortex ring, Soon, however, the Defense Ministry reported, that the reason for this was the failure of servo control system in a helicopter. If this applies to all drives, then there is a failure of the entire hydraulic system. And where is the backup system? This was not reported. For example, on "Mi-24" has three hydraulic systems - basic, auxiliary and emergency. Such, it must be on the "Mi-28". There is another version of what happened, associated with the destruction of the tail rotor drive shaft. This brings to mind the first catastrophe "Mi-1" helicopter, occurred in 1947 year due to the destruction of the same shaft. Truth never sounded, but the commander in chief in videoconferencing. Bondarev informed of the action taken. According to him, reinforced components and assemblies, introduced a special regulation preflight inspection.
In February 2016 the crew of "Night Hunter" from a separate helicopter regiment of the Southern Military District (YUVO), stationed in the Krasnodar Territory, started practical training in target detection at night in adverse weather conditions with the use of night vision goggles.
According to reports, in the course of training flights practiced military standards for detection and recognition of different objects, moving and stationary ground targets, armored vehicles, low-flying helicopters and low-speed simulated enemy aircraft. Crews "Mi-28N 'also practiced elements of the complex maneuvers in the dark at altitudes of up to five meters. remind, that "the Mi-28N" is able to automatically follow the terrain, bypassing the transmission line, the trees and other obstacles.
Seventeenth March it was known, that in connection with the conclusion of the main part of the group of aerospace Russian forces from Syrian targets for fire support of the Syrian army in the fight against the terrorists planned to impose on military helicopters "Ka-52" and "Mi-28N". I had to wait a short time, and the message, associated with the first event of combat employment of "Mi-28N 'in Syria, received 31 Martha 2016 of the year. The presence of military helicopters "Ka-52" and "Mi-28N" in Syria for a long time has not officially reported, there were only rumors. maybe, this is correct, says popular wisdom, "Each vegetable one time". And it's time, wherein demonstrating frames strikes crew "Night Hunter" of objects and items, Russia banned group "Islamic state" in the area of Palmyra, provided by the Ministry of Defense. First, the helicopter struck the fighting vehicle BMP-type terrorists, and then setting the strengthening of militants.
eleventh day of April 2016 Year of the Russian Defense Ministry reported third catastrophe "Mi-28N" near the Syrian city of Homs. , Killing both crew members, arrived in Syria from the 487-th separate helicopter regiment (g. Budennovsk). Then it was read version, that the cause of the tragedy could be a disadvantage for the flight, maloorientirnoy passes over the terrain in the dark. Pilots piloted fighting machine in the night-vision goggles. It is not excluded, that en-route could be an obstacle, He is faced by helicopter. Bad news, but until the complete liberation of Syria is still far, and can not be excluded, that will come and other reports of the use of new combat helicopters.
Mi-28NÉ Abroad
The first overseas on "Mi-28" notice Swedes, Think about updating the park of helicopters and declare the appropriate competition. It happened in 1995 year. The main competitors were then American "AN-64", "Apache" and "Mi-28A". In September and October of the same year in Sweden passed the required tests. But the "Mi-28A" lost, Although the Swedes celebrated the best book and thoughtful design. Helicopter with difficulty pinpointing their air defense radars when flying below 20 m. Yes, and weapons combat vehicle such as a suit. Furthermore, helicopter "Mi-28" at the time was half the price of US rival. Like the main advantages on the side of the Russian car, but… The impression, it was no contest, and performance, designed for a detailed acquaintance with the "Mi-28A". AT 2005 year, According to General Director of "Rostvertol" BN. fitter, the car showed great interest and other foreign customers. In July 2007 We held a promotion, demonstrating the capabilities of the machine in Algeria. But the order is not followed. Three years later, (12 May 2008 of the year) It passed a message, Venezuela confirmed the purchase of these machines, and in March 2009 year to participate in the Indian tender for the supply of 22 machines intended to equip the "Mi-28NE" avionics company "Thales" and aiming system, presumably Belgian. At that time, the Indian Air Force operated four "Mi-26" and 32 "Mi-35" produced by "Rostvertol" factory, that instilled some confidence in victory. AT 2010 fed on "We are 28NЭ" (board number 38) our pilots made several demonstration and test flights.
Americans in India put «AH-64D» «Apache" "Boeing". The helicopter was equipped with motors T700-GE-701D, dvumya radar AN / APG-78 and AN / APR-48A. The structure of weapons, in particular, missiles were: anti "Hel-lfayr" (AGM-114L-3 и AGN-114R-3) and "air-air" - "Stinger" (Block I092H). The tender was scheduled to participate "Bell" companies, "Eurocopter" and "Augusta" with machines AN-64, EC665 «Tiger» and A129 «Mongoose", respectively, but they went out of the competition, citing the lack of readiness of helicopters. But India did not work. There are several theories about the causes of failure, But the truth is we somehow do not tell. Likely, a car, a long time has been stagnant, not developed and therefore did not meet the requirements of the Indian. If the helicopter was in service, there is a high probability, that the Indian tender, we would have won.
Interest in the "Mi-28NE" and showed China, but the purchase of the proposals has yet been received. The first export "Night Hunter" from 15 machines, ordered in August, They arrived in Iraq. Following Iraq in May 2016 , the "Mi-28NE" received military Algeria. The contract for their supply was concluded in December 2013 of the year. According to media reports from 31 May, These machines have a dual control. Looks like, that the export version of "Mi-28NE" took place and in front of "Rostvertol" waiting for new orders.
Construction Mi-28NЭ
Fuselage - mixed monocoque structure, It is made mainly of aluminum alloys and composites with
riveted joints and kleesvarnyh. Technologically, it is divided into the nose and the central part, keel and tail boom.
In the bow are two, armor fences separated the cab of the navigator-operator (ahead) and pilot (behind). Body armor crew comprises titanium and ceramic tile armor, pasted on the frame of the forward fuselage, and silicate armored glass. The door is the navigator on the left side, pilot - on the right. The doors are equipped with emergency release mechanisms. When the emergency evacuation of the helicopter under the doors trigger special inflatable slides, protecting the crew from hitting the chassis. In the folded position ramps closed box fairings.
Top in the forward fuselage is located Antenna radio guided anti-tank, and under it - a turret optoelectronic system TOES-521 with TV and IR channels. Below, on the gun mount in a rotary cylindrical container with a flat optical windows, is gyro stabilized optronic surveillance and sighting station OPS-28, combined with a laser rangefinder and a guidance system ATGM.
Under the cockpit floor blocks has electrical, the impact and the flight and navigation system.
The tail boom are radio compartment, as well as the cabin for the transport of the airport equipment, if necessary the relocation of the helicopter, or up to three "passengers". Access to the compartment through the door and hinged gangway on the port side. Lower position of the tail boom has reduced the probability of collision with it the rotor blades.
On the pitching beam located tail rotor and controllable stabilizer in the form of a single console. Inside pitch and tail beams passes tether tail rotor and the stabilizer control wiring.
helicopter wing sweep 4,88 m - free-carrier with four suspension assemblies of various weapons, additional fuel tanks and containers KMGU-2. At the ends of the wings are arranged a device for generating clutter. In an emergency, the wing can be reset. Wing caisson structure is made of aluminum alloy, except the toe and tail portion, made of a composite material.
Chassis - tricycle fixed landing. Basic rack equipped with brake wheels size 720×320 mm. Track chassis - 2,29 m, base - 11 m. Back support wheel equipped with a size 480×200 mm. The landing gear structure includes an additional hydropneumatic dampers (emergency)progress.
crew escape system, incorporating energy-absorbing seats "Pamir-K" with the progress of depreciation to 300 mm and pull harness system to the seats of the pilot and navigator, admitting emergency landing speed to the vertical 12 m / s. Rescue system reduces the overload on impact to a physiologically tolerable level and can be operated both manually, and automatically. At high altitudes, the crew can leave the helicopter with a parachute, pre wing shooting. In addition, structural measures are, excluding the contact members of the crew at the time of impact with the controls and elements of interior cabin, as well as reducing the risk of explosion, fire and cabin substantial deformation, excluding independent of its bailout on earth.
Power point It includes two turboshaft engine TVZ-117VMA. The engine management system allows you to adjust the power take-off in the range of 2000-2500 hp, power to the emergency mode for all engine versions - 2800 HP. Water injection should provide stable engine operation at start unguided missiles. The power plant is equipped with dust filters of air intakes and exhaust devices screen-. Due to the high performance engine series TV3-117VMA 02 increased speed and ceiling (almost 1000 m) helicopter, its load capacity - more than 1000 kg, and improved maneuverability.
In the engine compartment of the gear compartment space, above the ceiling panel central portion of the helicopter fuselage, located fan and oil cooler. As an auxiliary power unit, used as a source of compressed air, required to run TV3-117VMA, applied turbine TA14 (on test samples were AI-9V).
Fuel system "Mi-28" consists of two independent systems each power engine with automatic cross-feeding of fuel. three tank (two consumables, one for each motor, and one - general), of about 1900 liters, housed in a container-sealing under the floor of the central portion of the fuselage. As emptying bins filled with polyurethane foam, protect them from the blast. To fly to the maximum distance allowed suspension additional fuel tanks.
main rotor - five-blade diameter 17,2 m. Rotor blades - rectangular, with a chord 0,67 m and swept wingtips. The blades are made of a polymeric composite material with honeycomb.
The rotational speed of rotor 242 rev / min, the circumferential speed of the blade tips 216 m / s. The blades of the rotor is maintained without destroying the ingress caliber shells to 23 mm.
The tail rotor - The four-in diameter 3,84 m, the blades are set at angles 45 and 135 degrees with respect to each other to reduce noise. The blades are rectangular in plan with notochord 0,24 m. Structurally, the tail rotor is formed of two modules, linked elastomeric bearing.
Main rotor and tail rotor equipped with electrothermal de-icing system.
main gearbox, fan, auxiliary power unit and other units mounted on the roof panel of the central fuselage. Power from the engine is transmitted to the rotor through a gearbox: two corner UR-28 and the main BP-29. Besides, from main drive gear carried two AC voltage generators 208 AT. The main rotor hub is a titanium housing with five handed down spherical elastomeric hinges. The movable sleeve compounds are widely used and tissue bearings metalfluoraplastic, do not require constant lubrication. The elastomeric sleeve is not only possible to reduce labor costs for the helicopter service, but also provide an increase maneuverability and handling machines.
helicopter control system - mechanical, combined with four steering transmissions, mounted on the main gearbox and perform the functions of servo steering and autopilot machines. stabilizer kinematically linked to the collective pitch of the rotor handle.
Two independent hydraulic systems are designed to supply a combined steering and hydraulic damper actuators helicopter in yaw control system.
The helicopter has a pneumatic system, Air conditioning apparatus and oxygen equipment.
Avionics It includes radio command guidance apparatus with an antenna line PTUR, beneath radioprozrach nym fairing in the forward fuselage. Below that is a gyro stabilized turret optoelectronic system TOES-521 for viewing the bottom of the front hemisphere.
below is Complex «Thor» for ur guidance with laser homing, but what, not reported.
On board there is a control system and display, color multifunction MFI-10-6M LCDs, flight control and navigation and communication equipment, the QRS complex in the combined-28N-1.
The most important element, permitting disabled and all-weather use helicopters, HO-25 is circular scan radar nadvtulochnaya, operating in the millimeter range. ; A crew of night vision goggles and a helmet-mounted target designation system for the gun and head-up display (ILS).
helicopter armament It consists of a permanent mobile unit NPPU-28N with gun "2A42" (rate 550 rounds per minute at air targets and 200-300 rounds per minute - on the ground). deviation range NPPU-28: azimuth from +110 to -110 degrees; elevation of +13 to -40 degrees. Ammunition gun - 250 rounds.
Combat load weight up 2300 kg located on four under wing hardpoints. On external beam holders provided to suspension 16 PTUR '9M120 », "9M120F" or "9A-2200" complex "attack-in" with a tandem HEAT, high-explosive warheads or rod, as well as missiles "9M114" complex "Sturm-In" with radio command guidance systems. Also provides for the use of "Storm" unified missile system - "Attack" with a range of 6000 m, having high noise immunity and the rate of (two or three launches per minute).
The arsenal of "Mi-28N" also includes up to eight missiles "9M39-2" class "air-to-air" complex "needle-B" block and two PTUR 9M123 complex "Hri-
Lighting helicopter equipment. Bottom - landing light zantema-In ", is a further development of the "attack" with guided radar, suspended in a container under the wing.
On the inner holder can be attached to four blocks NAR-B with 8V20-1 20 rockets "C-8" caliber 80 mm each, or up to four B-13L1 (five NAR "C-13" caliber 122 mm) containers or small cargo KMGU-2 mines and bombs of small caliber. On holders could also carry bombs caliber aviation 100, 250 and 500 kg or additional fuel tanks. Installation of two UPK-23-250 and incendiary tanks ST-500. Helicopter equipped with devices for raising min air.
For protection against guided missiles on "Mi-28NE" there jamming equipment radars and radar homing heads; warning radar equipment on the helicopter irradiation and laser designators enemy; Ejection device jamming cartridges HC-26 for protection from missiles with IR homing heads.
Photos of Mi-28N Night Hunter
The performance characteristics of Mi-28N Night Hunter
The crew of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
– 2 man
The cost of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
~ $18 million
The dimensions of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
– fuselage length: 17,05 m
– Height: 3,82
– The width of the wing with consoles 5,88 m
– The diameter of the rotor: 17,2 m
– The diameter of the tail rotor: 3,85 m
Weight of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
– Weight: empty: 8095 kg
– normal takeoff weight: 10900 kg
– maximum takeoff weight: 12100 kg
– Mass of payload: 2300 kg
– fuel weight: 1500 kg
Engine Mi-28N Night Hunter
– engine's type: turboshaft
– Model: VK-2500
engine power
– in the emergency mode: 2700 l. from.
– in the takeoff mode: 2200 l. from.
– at cruising: 1500 l. from.
Mi-28N Night Hunter Speed
– full speed: 300 kmh
– cruising: 265 kmh
– Skoropodъёmnost: 13,6 m / s
Range of flight of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
– maximum 450 km, with PTB 1087 km
Static ceiling of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
– 3600 m
Dynamic ceiling Mi-28N Night Hunter
– 5600 m
The armament of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
Built-gunnery: 1 × 30 mm automatic cannon 2A42, ammunition 250 shells.
suspension points: 4
ungovernability raketnoe: HAP C-8 - 4 x 20 PC; NAR S-13 rockets are intended for destruction of manpower, light armored vehicles and infrastructure. The main advantage - cheapness.
guided missile: ATGM "Sturm-In"; "Attack-B»; "Attack-BH» (16 PC.)
"Air-to-air": "Sagittarius" with needle-B missile - 4 x 4 PC.
30-mm rifle NPPU-28 ammunition 150 shells, shells sided selective feeding, there is a choice of shells: armor-piercing or OFZ. It designed to defeat light armored vehicles at a range of 1500 m, manpower to 4000 m and speed air targets to 2500 m. To improve the accuracy of shooting the barrel amortized. Ammunition includes armor-piercing and high-explosive shells. Range cannon deviation: azimuth ± 110 °; elevation + 13 ... -40 °. The gun is synchronized with an eye. Pilot may also conduct fire with HUD or helmet-mounted sight.
UR-In Attack (Beam Holder DB-3UV) designed to destroy armored vehicles, manpower, helicopters, DOT, DZOT. rocket is operated through a millimeter wave radio Interference (narrow radiation pattern), a transmitter located in the nose of the helicopter, receiver located at the back part of the rocket. Perhaps the use of missiles at the same time 10 media. In combination with the automatic target tracking, can maneuver the helicopter yaw angle with ± 110 °, move by ± 30 °. Unlike laser-beam guidance systems, It has the advantage of unlimited missile control time with a high rate of fire, laser systems are less reliable in a smoke detector (dusty and fog).
Rocket with TGSN needle-In It intended to hit small UAVs, helicopters, Flight, cruise missiles. The rocket needle provided cooling homing missiles, It is allowing striking targets not only the heat from hot engine exhaust, but any objective teplokontrastnye, Missile seeker provides a selection of thermal noise.
KMGU-2 - container for small loads, for setting minefields.
The cabin of the Mi-28N Night Hunter
