27 March marks the professional holiday of the Russian National Guard. The holiday was established by Presidential Decree №10 of 16 January 2017 of the year. In order to maintain the continuity of the traditions of this date was postponed day Russian Interior Ministry, and which accounted for the formation of the Federal Service of the National Guard troops of its foundation.
Exactly at 2017 year, after creating a new superstructure, the first day of the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry has already celebrated as the Day of National Guard. It is worth noting, that part of the troops of the National Guard includes not only former Interior Ministry troops, but also private security, special purpose units, licensing and permitting work. AND, Nevertheless, speaking about the National Guard, today we mean first and foremost the former MVD RF.
Internal troops during its existence has been one of the most important components of national security of the Russian state. They played a crucial role in the containment and prevention of many armed conflicts, mass disorders in the country, took part in liquidation of consequences of emergencies, helped the border guards to protect the state border.
The Russian National Guard - a long and remarkable history. It has its roots in the Middle Ages, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible created oprichnina. Then the problem of the protection and the maintenance of internal order in the country to perform a variety of formation - archers, Cossacks, gendarmes. Today's National Guard troops can be considered heirs to the Soviet Interior Troops, that, in its turn, It was established almost immediately after the victory of the October Revolution.
In the period from January to March 1918 year were created the first armed groups, subordinated to the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR. In March 1918 , they were renamed Combat troops of the Cheka, a 20 April 1918 year was created a Home Inspection convoy captain of the RSFSR People's Commissariat of Justice. Until the mid-1990s, the function of escorting prisoners and protection of places of detention have also been assigned to the USSR Interior Ministry troops. In May 1919 year were established internal security troops of the Republic (VOHR), which can already be considered the immediate predecessor of the Soviet Interior Troops, perform the same tasks.
1 September 1920 The Council of Labor and Defense combined the internal security troops of the republic, guards troops, railway troops Defense, the railway police and the water police in the Army Internal Service (VNUS). After two weeks with a small, 17 September of the same year, VNUS soldiers on their rights were equal to the soldiers of the Red Army. Since that time, all servicemen of internal troops of the Soviet have the same rights, and that members of the army and navy, Acquisition of parts of internal troops was carried out through a single system of military commissioners.
But the formation of troops VNUS series of reorganizations has not ended, It explained that finding of the Soviet state in the period of formation of state institutions and services. 19 January 1921 year were created the Cheka troops, and a year later, in February 1922 of the year, created the Main Political Directorate (GPU), which included the former Cheka and, respectively, under him armed groups.
After establishment of the Soviet Union, the GPU was transformed into the OGPU - Unified management of the Soviet Union the main political. New requirements for protection of public order, industrial enterprises, Anti-sabotage and espionage contributed to the creation of a part of the troops of the OGPU of new structures.
AT 1934 , the NKVD was created, as part of which highlighted the border and internal security. AT 1937 , the General Directorate of Border and Internal Security (GUPVO NKVD) It was renamed the General Directorate of Border and internal troops of the NKVD of the USSR (GUPVV). The number of troops at this time was 28 800 People - as we can see, very little, even in Stalin's time the internal troops had to deal with a very wide range of tasks - from participation in the collectivization to the protection and escort of prisoners.
Parallel to the growth of population and the reorganization and improved the structure of troops, developed methods of training personnel, opened special schools to train future commanders and political composition of the NKVD. Real test of strength for the troops was the Great Patriotic War, during which they would not only solve everyday problems, but also to fight the Nazi occupiers and their allies.
TO 1941 , the number of internal troops was 173 900 human, including 27 300 people - in the operative part, 63 700 man - in parts by Railway Protection, 29 300 man - in parts for the protection of important public enterprises, 38 200 - in the convoy troops, 15 400 - in military schools. Thanks to the mobilization of the number of troops grew 100 thousands of people. Troops, stationed in the west of the Soviet Union, first took part in the hostilities.
Known example of the heroic defense, which is carried out at Green Island (Rostov-on-Don) 230-th regiment of the NKVD escort troops. Polk literally fight to the death, defending every inch of land of the island. The regiment took part in the street fighting during the defense of Rostov-on-Don in October 1941 of the year. In addition to the 230th convoy regiment in the defense of Rostov-on-Don and participated the 85th and 89th infantry battalions of the 19th Infantry Division of the NKVD troops, performs the task of industry vital enterprises Protection. All 900 human, served in two battalions, died a heroic death in the defense of Rostov-on-Don. Neither soldier battalion survived.
There have been many other examples of heroism of soldiers of internal troops in WWII, and after victory. After MVD USSR never stopped daily combat service, which was full of a variety of hazards. Get at least escort troops, served in the difficult conditions of the Soviet penitentiary, or unit operational use.
The idea of creating on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry of the National Guard began to gestate in the first half of the 1990s. It was not only and not so much a political decision, as a tribute to the challenges and risks of modern Russian society, the world political situation. Nevertheless, vplot to 2016 , the decision to establish the National Guard was not taken. only in 2016 , President of the Russian Federation signed a number 226-FZ "On the armed forces of the Russian Federation of the National Guard", according to which and the Federal troops of the National Guard was established.
Director of the Federal Service of the troops of the National Guard - commander of the troops of the National Guard was appointed Army General Viktor Zolotov, before the former commander of the Interior Troops of the Russian Federation Ministry of Internal Affairs. Gold - a native of the organs of the Federal Security Service, and he started his career back in the USSR State Security Committee, in the legendary "nine".
Today FSVNG has a very wide range of tasks in the sphere of national security of the Russian state. This is primarily, of course, policing, social security. Secondly, on FSVNG were assigned tasks for the protection of important public facilities, special loads, facilities for communications, previously performed MVD RF. Thirdly, FSVNG solves the problem of the fight against extremism, terrorism, providing counterterrorism operations, emergency and martial law. Finally, FSVNG assists police, border authorities of the FSB, It is engaged in providing state supervision over compliance with the Russian legislation in the field of arms trafficking and the organization of private security.
The staff of the Federal Service of National Guard troops represented by military (former Interior Troops), officials (private security, authorities licensing and permitting work), civilian personnel. Respectively, FSVNG employees have both a military rank, and special police ranks.
One of the oldest compounds in FSVNG – Separate orders Zhukov, Lenin and the October Revolution, Red Banner division operational assignment name F.E. Dzerzhinsky troops National Guard of the Russian Federation. Division includes in its membership operational purpose units, combat and logistical support. Parts division took part in almost all the conflicts in the territory of the Russian Federation and former Soviet Union. 
The exploits of Soviet soldiers today inspire their successors - Russian servicemen of the National Guard. In the ranks of the National Guard still serve many veterans of fighting in Afghanistan, anti-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus. Some of them are in the highest positions in the Federal service of the troops of the National Guard. So, First Deputy Director of the Federal troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation - Chief of the Russian troops of the National Guard is Colonel-General Sergei Alimovich Melikov - a military officer, hero of Russia, "maroon beret", party counterterrorism operation in North Caucasus. And such a combat officer in the National Guard troops lot.
Get at least a unit of OMON and SWAT, became members of the National Guard. They always were serving the best trained in combat and physically police. Practically all Russian riot police and sobrovtsy have real experience in fighting, in counter-terrorism measures. The exploits sobrovtsev and riot police in the fight against criminals, terrorists, including during the fighting in Chechnya and other "hot spots", We can talk endlessly.
But in civilian life rosgvardeytsy perform feats, sometimes paying for them with their health, and even life. national Guard, like its predecessor - the Russian Interior Ministry, It can rightly be called one of the most belligerent power structures of our country.
impressive feat, perfect in September 2014 the commander of the military unit (separate shelf for the protection of important state facilities and special cargoes) Colonel Serik Sultangabievym. At the shooting range in the Sverdlovsk region conducted classes in combat granatometaniya. However, one soldier at the turn of combat granatometaniya dropped contained in the firing position grenade. Colonel Sultangabiev pushed a soldier from a grenade and closed it a. The blast officer, Fortunately, survived, although seriously injured. For this feat 24 November 2014 g. Serik Sultangabievu was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
On the whole of Russia boomed feat young lieutenant of police, Magomed Nurbagandova, which served as a legal advisor of the Office of the private security service of the Republic of Dagestan. His words, "Work, brothers!"Became the motto of authentic Russian custody order. Now to exploit Nurbagandova equal to his younger colleagues, serving in a variety of structures FSVNG.
Today, the Day of National Guard Troops, "Military Review" congratulates all current and former military personnel, employees, civilian personnel FSVNG. I wish you health, happiness, and most importantly - do not combat losses.
