Smolensk ,1633 year
After the return of Smolensk Russia switched to military action in the direction of the south and south-east. Tatar raids, especially from the Crimea, more frequent, they were much more dangerous Kazan. Attempts to resolve the issue through negotiations yielded no results. lord of Crimea, as a vassal of the Turkish sultan, Russia consistently pursued a hostile policy. Organizing hikes in Crimea was fraught with insurmountable obstacles. Long been a way of waterless steppes to the Crimea. The only way to pass through the Perekop - a narrow isthmus, well-fortified Turkish engineers. Besides, War with Crimea will inevitably lead to war with the powerful then the Ottoman Empire. I had no choice, how to strengthen their own border, create a defense system, effective in repelling a serious intrusion of the Crimean Tatars. Large forces and means had to spend Russian government to build a solid defense system in the south of the country. Over time, it was established defense system called "defense line". It consisted of a series of fortified towns, as well as forest and water obstacles, fortifications, cover up the different directions, who were considered suitable for attack by Tatar cavalry.
The Russian government then lacked the necessary funds, to all of the 1000-kilometer perimeter build a defensive line. They needed the ability to act available forces from the governor, to be able to successfully resist the insidious enemy. war required, At first, well-organized intelligence. Secondly, Russian regiments rapid action to ensure timely intercept the retreating Tatars with prey. Among the border governors enjoyed great popularity MI. Vorotynsky. He was the first Russian charter guard service.
Meanwhile 1569 by Russ suffered another attack by the Tatars. 17-strong army of Turks and 40 thousand Tatars and Nogai came to Astrakhan. All attempts by the enemy to take the city by storm failed. The enemy had to retreat. But the Tatars did not want to retreat - the following year 50000th Crimean horde stepped up to Kashira and Ryazan. Russian soldiers and this time were able to repulse the attack of the Crimean Tatars, Furthermore, they also recaptured prisoners. Meanwhile, in Serpukhov himself Ivan IV arrived in the same year with his army. Russian king had prepared to postpone march to Revel, since the news came from the scouts that, Tatars with great detachment headed in the direction of Russia. But it was a false alarm: received a message from the patrol Cossacks, that the Tatars trace is found. Russian urgently convened a council of war, which concluded, that the service is on the southern borders could not cope with the tasks of border protection. Reorganize Border Service commissioned an experienced Vorotynsky. He also had to create a Russian charter guard and border guards. Vorotynsky began studying bit order, With regard to border services on the southern border. After that, the discharge order was summoned servitors, as well as those, who was a prisoner of the Crimean Tatars and was able to return. At the beginning 1571 year experienced service people gathered in Moscow, They talked in detail about the service at the border. At the same time the border were sent "stanitsa head", to check the outposts. Then it was approved and "Boyarsky sentence of stanitsa and guard service". This document was the first charter of the border in the history of the Russian state.
3 June 1571 , the Crimean Khan Devlet Giray captured Moscow and burned her
Border Service consisted of two main elements - the guards and villages. Watchman was our permanent outpost, followed by 30-50 miles steppe border was fixed. Service carried out there 10 human, They were divided into observers, which were located in a convenient smoking areas, while others patrolled the steppes. Even if the Crimean Tatars managed to slip past unnoticed Watch, their issue the following. Mobile outpost - the village - consisting of four to six riders, which continuously traveled along the border, looking for traces of Tatar konnitsy.V 1571 year Crimean Khan still managed to attack the Russian state. The consequences of this attack were very sad, We were devastated native Russian land to the capital. AT 1572 year Devlet Giray again appeared at the Russian state borders. Crimean army numbered 60 thousands of people, They are adjoined many more troops Nogai hordes. Han is not without reason to hope for success, he knew, that the main Russian forces are on the western border. Defended the southern borders of Russia was only 20 thousands of people. At this time, the defense of the southern borders of the governor led Vorotynsky, who ably disposed at its disposal forces. Rusichi began to strengthen bank of the Oka River. palisades were set, against fords and ferries put guns. However, for the defense of the city that was not enough, whereby Nogay cavalry could grab one of crossings across the Oka. And behind it threw the whole horde of Tatars, led by Devlet Giray. Tatars began to move in the direction of Moscow. But the Russian soldiers, led by warlord Vorotynsky caught Tatars and got involved in the fight. Dowlet Girey managed to break fought in the direction of the road Serpukhovskoy, which led to the capital, but the rear has approached Russian polki.A decisive battle with the Crimean Tatars happened when young, not far from Moscow. Russian troops defeated the vanguard of Khan. The outcome of the battle was fleeing Tatars headed by Khan Devlet Giray. In this way, Russia made great efforts, to protect its southern borders and thereby ensure against the raids and incursions Russian State.Gabriel Tsobehiya
