Dmitry Milyutin,Minister of war
The purpose of the transformation of the central and local government in the second half of the XIX century, According to the War Minister Milutin, was that, to bring the whole building into a harmonious appearance and simplify the entire complex its mechanism. It was recognized as a useful first of all to merge together the parts, homogeneous course of action, and eliminate unnecessary growths, are formed for a time more or less randomly, without an overall plan. AT 1864 year military district reform was carried out; State territory is divided into 15 military districts. Each of these districts led the team, whose power extended to all troops and military districts offices.
With excessive centralization was eliminated by introducing military districts, in which military units directly subordinate to the center and all matters, including even small, It depended on the Minister of War and the king. With the establishment of military districts improved control system: it has become more flexible, He approached the troops. Ministry relieves of set of responsibilities, who now executes the commands of military districts, and could directly take the overall supervision of military activities and the implementation of control. On the military district commanders entrusted the guidance and complete the order in the case of revolutionary actions.
A model for the establishment of military districts were the army corps, located in the Caucasus and in Siberia, Commanders who reported directly to the king, and concentrated all its military in their hands (military and administrative) and the civil power. It gave the right to declare Milutin, that "for the establishment of military districts we had already prepared the sample is not in foreign countries, but in a device of our own margins ".
More living military district system was revealed in the course of preparation and conduct of the Russian-Turkish War; on the territory of military districts mobilizes, conducted training, created reserve and reserve troops.
The reorganization of the Ministry of War, ended in 1868 year, It led to, in his hands the concentrated military command and operational functions. They were transferred to the Ministry of War of jurisdiction before his artillery troops, led by General feldtsehmeysterom, Army Corps of Engineers, headed by Inspector-General of engineering troops and military schools. By ministry management improved and simplified management of troops.
Changes have been made in the command and control in wartime. AT 1868 It was published Regulation on the control of troops in wartime, which is more consistent with the requirements of time, than the status quo ante.
Russian infantry attack. An episode from the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878
It has undergone a change and the organization of the army. AT 1863 has been increased, the number of active connections on 19 divisions - with 28 to 47 divisions, and their composition in peacetime reduced; also it increased the number of artillery brigades - with 28 to 47. Preparing recruits, in peacetime, and war, He was assigned to the reserve forces, whereas previously this was done by the field forces acting. Reduced non-combatant was the army, and discontinued parts, non-combat supplies; reformed local troops. Case-control with the introduction of the military districts were abolished, but then recovered to field troops.
By the beginning of Russian-Turkish war of Russian ground forces consisted of regular troops, who shared in the field, rear, spare, formed in wartime, and auxiliaries, irregular and state militia, convened in an emergency to replace the fortress, reserve and local troops, and in exceptional cases and for the replenishment of the army.
Field troops had the following organization: infantry consisted of 48 divisions (at 1874 year, another division was formed) – 3 Guards, 4 grenaderskih and 41 army. The division had two infantry brigades and one artillery brigade. Infantry Brigade - two regiments. Regiments consisted of three or four battalions of four or five companies in each. The Grenadier and army divisions, located in the European part of Russia, the regiments were of three battalions, battalion - five companies, including one rifle. Roth was divided into two half-company, half-company - two platoons, platoon - two poluvzvod two offices in each. In addition to infantry divisions, eight brigades were 4-battalion structure (battalion of four companies) and line battalions, is in a separate military districts.
In wartime, a company in 3-battalion regiments consisted of 84 series (in dvuhsherenozhnom building), 4-battalion regiments - from 1008 series. The regiment 3 battalion staff there 2520 bayonets, in shelf 4-batalonnnogo composition - 3456; in the division, consisting of 12 battalions, – 10080 bayonets, and from 16 battalions - 13824. Together with the NCOs, and in the division of the non-combatant 12 there were battalions of the lower ranks 13284, and from 16 battalions - 17152.
Field artillery was divided into hiking and horse. The foot artillery was 48 teams of 6-battery-ended 8 tools and battery, 2 separate mountain battery and 11 Battery Turkestan and Siberian parts, Total - 301 battery with 2408 instruments. The horse artillery had 48 Regular Cossack batteries 304 instruments, in time of war - 66 batteries 2824 instruments. On 1 thousand. bayonets had 4,1 guns and 1 thousand. sabely - from 4 to 5,2 guns.
As part of the engineering troops were military telegraph parks - there were nine, mine railways and parts and units.
buildings, It is the highest compounds, to the beginning of the war, there were 16. The housing consists of two or three infantry divisions (24 battalion), where the number of 20 160 and bayonets 2562 sabers, 96 hiking and 12 horse-drawn guns, and all 35294 man, 8490 horses and 1197 povozok.
Gabriel Tsobehiya
