"Seeing recruits". Artist NK Pimonenko
FROM 1801 year from the beginning of the reign of Alexander I, the armed forces do not undergo any significant transformations. If at that time and to carry out reforms, they dealt with more upside.
Russian army, designed, as mentioned in the imperial decree 1801 of the year, "For external defense and preservation of inner silence", It was completed by recruiting. Conscription heavy burden on the population: recruits, taken into the army, completely cut off from agriculture, from family, because the service continues 25 years. In the XVIII century it was made 72 recruitments, manpower exceeded 2 million people.
TO 1800 year, the annual demand for recruits was determined for the Army (there were about 400 thousand.) at 25 thousand. human. Population, obliged to supply recruits, had about 16 million people. With an annual set of one recruit from 500 Shower army got up 32 thousand. recruits. This amount was enough recruits for the land army and navy. Supplying recruits aged 17 to 35 years and the growth of not less than 2 yardstick and 4 creamy (1,6 m) and by 19 to 37 years, growth 2 yardsticks and 3,5 inches (1808 – 1810 gg.), and 1811 year - from 18 to 37 years, growth 2 yardsticks and 3 inches (1,55 m), at 1812 year - from 18 to 40 years and the growth of not less than 2 yardstick and 2 inches (1,5 m).
Under Alexander I with 1802 by 1825 year produced 18 recruitments, wherein the total amount was almost recruits 2 million recruits from 16,5 million population, nessheho "rekrutskuyu kind of obligation".
To facilitate the extremely heavy for the public conscription and have trained reserve, even at this time include projects shorten the life of the projects, and even the introduction of universal conscription. AT 1810 the State Council decided on a reduction of service 25 to 15 years, carry it for many reasons, failed. In leaving then "War Journal" I raised the question of the introduction of personal compulsory military service with a lifetime 7 years for treasury, or state, peasants, were in bondage are not on the landlord, and from the state treasury (according to 1835 of the year, they accounted for more than 1/3 the entire peasant population). The magazine said, that "peasant, overage, return to your home totally artificial soldier, and in case of an emergency will again be ready to go against the enemy in defense of the fatherland, and that some time will be almost no official government farmer, who would not have served as a soldier and, Consequently, I would not be ready for duty ". But this project a number of reasons was not adopted. Soldier, take the oath, It is no longer considered a serf, he served the emperor and had his man. The unknown author of "Thoughts of a military settlement of the infantry," he wrote, it would be advantageous to establish active duty in six years for a soldier, to do conscription through "and then have served their terms every six years to dissolve to their homeland, picking up the other ... so that means SIM lead all the people in the militant state and through it have in it a common military depot (reserves in case of war circumstances)». But this is impossible, author continues, mainly because, that the landed peasants, or yard people, After serving in the army and returned to them in the name, "Not to obey", ie. They will not handle the landlords' land.
“Seeing recruits”. artist LI.Solomatkyn
Besides army recruits in the lower ranks of enlisted boys - children soldiers, graduated soldier garrison schools. They are filled with a large number of non-commissioned officer positions. Soldiers' children, or military cantonments, steel train literacy and craft with shelves and battalion under Peter I. AT 1732 It has been declared by decree, which establishes, whom to take in school and what are the learning goals. The decree stated, that training of soldiers' children in schools with garrison infantry regiments will benefit the state and will "in recruits relief". The school accepts children from 7 to 15 years. Decree commanded in the school and enroll in the service of the serving ranks of children (officers are not of the nobility, dragoon and Soldiers, as well as the former services: reytarskyh, policemen Cossacks, musketeers, bailiffs, senders and others.), born during the service of their fathers; it was considered mandatory.
AT 1774 year was to make the children of the poor nobles allowed in school. With the various changes taking place over time, on receiving, ages received, teach science. It was allowed to leave his parents and relatives of children, payable to the school, at school and take, if they wish, but they had to teach them to, taught in schools, and upon reaching the age of 15 be sent to serve in the shelf.
AT 1798 Paul I was founded in Gatchina imperial orphanage with two branches: office for precious children (children of nobles and all the staff and senior officers, 'Parents whom died days, serving the fatherland ", as well as for the children of those parents, "Whom fathers, though still military or civil service, but the state of lean ") and separation for soldiers' children. Education in schools was set up 18 years.
The number of military cantonments increases all the time. AT 1721 – 1732 years they were 3 – 4 thousand. human, at 1758 year - 6 thousand., at 1765 year - 10 thousand., at 1797 year - 12 thousand., at 1798 year - 17 thousand., at 1812 year - to 39 thousand. human. AT 1820 , there were military cantonments in the military-orphaned offices 60 thousand. human, including military cantonments, I was in the army.
With the organization of military settlements children are residents of districts of military settlements have also considered war Cantonists, therefore the number of them has increased significantly. AT 1825 year military cantonments were listed 150 thousand. human.
Gabriel Tsobehiya
why nobody writes, who served BEFORE recruiting!