The banner of one of the units CHUN, 1922 of the year
Creation of special forces began in the spring 1919 year on the basis of the Resolution of the Central Committee of the RCP(b), published 23 April 1919 of the year. By the end of 1919 year of special forces there were over 30 thousand. human.
The main tasks of special forces (Chon) consisted of economic protection, defense and political and administrative facilities, suppression of anti-Soviet acts of terror, sabotage, sabotage, mutinies and uprisings. They were created with the urban (district) party committees, as well as the factory Party organizations. These troops were enlisted, first of all, party members, and Komsomols and independents from among workers.
The service in parts of the task performed on the job. Military training was conducted during off-hours. From November 1919 the military study chonovtsev by the decision of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) It began to be implemented in the Universal Military Training System.
In addition to its primary tasks of the task performed and combat missions. for example, chonovskie Petrograd troops participated in the reflection of the spring and autumn offensive in Whites 1919 year on Petrograd. In the summer of the same year, troops CHUN central RSFSR and northeastern regions were sent to the southern front, and participated in the troops of the front in the battle against the advancing armies of Denikin.
Part CHUN forces to address the party organs are also attracted to doing underground work and the organization of the guerrilla movement in the areas of, captured by the Whites and interventionists.
After the Civil War special forces not only survived - significantly increased volume and complexity of tasks, they perform. The counterrevolutionary forces supported by certain circles of the imperialist states have moved to new methods and forms of armed struggle, among which in the early 20's a large place occupied banditry and insurgency.
Under these conditions the exit X RCP(b) He recognized the need to "forthwith take steps to strengthen the special detachment". The main measures to strengthen parts of the special-purpose steel: establishment of an appropriate standard of organization CHUN, raising the level of training for combat missions, improvement of weapons and other.
Third anniversary CHUN
Since the summer 1921 year started restructuring of special forces. These troops have been isolated from the system Vsevobuch. By the decision of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic for combat training in units of special forces experienced commanders of the Red Army were sent.
In September 1921 year adopted a new Regulation on CHON, according to which all the commanders were listed on active duty in the Red Army and personnel were (constant) part CHUN. The rest of the staff was the militia (variable) part. Most of them were communists and Komsomol members aged 17 to 50 years. They were military training on the job, after hours and on short-term (training) courses.
In the same year, Chung troops were reduced to a single organizational structure of the Army (platoon, company, battalion, regiment, brigade). As part CHUN were formed not only infantry, but the cavalry division, parts and bronesily. It was established command and staff of special forces of the country.
In total by the end of 1921 year as part of CHON there 371 thousand. human, including about 41 thousand. People - human and 330 thousand. people - the militia structure.
AT 1921-1922 Years special forces conducted a series of military operations to eliminate banditry in several regions of the country: in Siberia, the North Caucasus, Ukraine, in Belarus, Tambov, Voronezh and Saratov provinces. Chonovtsy distinguished themselves in the fight against Basmachi.
AT 1921-1924 Years special forces were involved and for the protection of national borders and railways, involved in grain procurement.
AT 1925 year as the elimination of political banditry and strengthen the internal situation of the Soviet Union special forces were disbanded.
Gabriel Tsobehiya
