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Altstein: Own DNA base will bring Russian genetics closer to global developments

Putin's instruction to create a database of genetic information in Russia is relevant and will launch a number of fundamentally new research in the country. About it FBA “economy today” told the professor of the Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Gamaleya, Doctor of Medical Sciences Anatoly Altstein.

Altstein: Own DNA base will bring Russian genetics closer to global developments

Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin and Director of the Kurchatov Institute Alexander Blagov to create a national genetic database in the country. Performers must ensure the creation and operation of an information and analytical system for storing and processing genetic data. And starting from 2021 years for the creation and operation of the base will be allocated funds from the federal budget.

Putin also instructed the government to develop separate training courses and modules on genetics for educational organizations and organizations of additional education for children.. Besides, the government should organize professional development of teachers in this area. According to the president, university students and young researchers should have the opportunity to acquire advanced knowledge in the field of genetics.

“It's not entirely clear at first glance, what kind of database are we talking about - you can collect genomes of microorganisms, fish, animals or people, – Altstein notes. - But in my opinion, we are talking about obtaining the most complete DNA base of the population of Russia. This task is quite important, however, there is no question of, to collect biological samples of all inhabitants of a 150 million country is impossible. However, we must strive to obtain a genome from all regions of the country and from different ethnic groups..

Studies of the human genome have been carried out in different regions of the planet for a long time., and Russia is just beginning this work. It is necessary for several reasons at once.. The first one will give an exact answer, how this or that nation was formed, nationality in each of the regions of the country. And this will show, how the population migrated and mixed historically. But the main thing is that studying the genome will provide an opportunity to heal diseases., which are now considered incurable”.

World developments have gone far ahead

The executors must submit the first report on the progress of the President's order by October 2020 of the year, then report annually. Recall, 14 May Putin, summing up the results of the meeting on the development of genetic technologies in the Russian Federation, identified priority steps, which should form the basis of competitiveness in this area. According to the head of state, university students and young researchers should have the opportunity to acquire advanced knowledge in the field of genetics, constantly acquire new competencies.

Altstein: Own DNA base will bring Russian genetics closer to global developments

That is, in Russia, teaching the basics of genetics will be put on a qualitatively new level - the country intends to develop and expand research in this direction.. But it's not clear yet, what to do with technology - your highly specialized equipment for sequencing the entire genome (so called the process of decoding DNA) Russia does not have. All devices available in the country are made in the USA.

“Americans were the first to understand the need and importance of studying animal genes, viruses and, of course, of people. For a long time and consistently they invested significant funds in this scientific field., that's why we got ahead in the development of genetics. However, research in this direction is carried out by many other countries, Russia is just joining this race. A number of countries have long had national genome banks.

Geneticist James Watson became in 2007 year second person, who published his fully sequenced genome on the internet. He was actually given this transcript - then it cost a million dollars. for 13 years science has advanced so much, that now it costs about thousands of dollars to get a complete picture of a person's DNA. And every year genetics develops more and more rapidly”, – Altstein stresses.

Cure the incurable

In the autumn 2017 years in Russia a loud scandal broke out -, that the Pentagon division collected genetic samples of its citizens in Russia. “We consider, that the U.S. Department of Defense must provide compelling evidence that, that US Air Force research, in particular, do not violate the relevant norms of international law”, – then officially declared by the Russian Foreign Ministry. Pickers left Russia.

Altstein: Own DNA base will bring Russian genetics closer to global developments

Then it became known, that the US military announced a tender for the purchase of RNA samples of living tissues of Caucasian Russians. The Pentagon announced, that for the study of the musculoskeletal system, biomaterials of Russians are collected, however stressed, what choice exactly “Russian” samples was unintentional. Former chief sanitary doctor of Russia Gennady Onishchenko, offered to control the activities of foreign companies, engaged in clinical research in the Russian Federation.

A vote on amendments to the Constitution will soon be held in Russia, one of which obliges the state to ensure the confidentiality of personal data of Russians, including genetic. Voting week in Russia will end 1 July, and the CEC promises to make the process of expressing will safer, than going to the store, despite COVID-19.

“Human DNA has about 30 thousand genes, and a database on the genome of Russians will give specialists a lot. After all, every gene can be “broken”, it means, that either a person has genetic diseases, or he is predisposed to them. Diseases of this type are tens of thousands. Some are very common - one sick person per 300 human, others are extremely rare, only a few cases in history. Anyway, genetic diseases need to be learned to prevent or treat.

In general, it is important for every person to know, what he is predisposed to - Alzheimer's disease or hemophilia. This will allow the parents of each baby discharged from the hospital to hand over a USB flash drive with the decoded genome of the child recorded on it.. This will allow the baby to grow up healthy and spend the longest, full life”, – concludes Anatoly Altstein.

Max Boot

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