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By riddles Katyn massacre

An American historian saw a German trace in Katyn

AT 1943 In 2009, Nazi Germany announced the discovery of the remains of four thousand Polish officers in Katyn., allegedly shot by the NKVD three years ago on secret orders of the Politburo.

According to Berlin, those killed were prisoners of war from camps in Kozelsk, Ostashkove and Starobelske. They were imprisoned after the reunification of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus with the USSR in 1939 year.

The first two camps were located in the Kalinin and Smolensk regions of the RSFSR, third - in the Kharkov region of the Ukrainian SSR.

In 1944, a specially created Soviet commission to investigate the events in Katyn, headed by surgeon Nikolai Burdenko, announced the involvement of the Nazis in the deaths of the Poles. The Polish exile government in London and Western countries called the conclusions of the Burdenko commission a fraud and accepted the German version of events as the only correct one.

The question “Who shot the Poles in Katyn?"remains debatable for historians of different countries. In the West there is ideological unanimity on this issue - the Poles were killed by the Soviet regime. However, 2018 year, a book by a professor at Montclair State University was published in the United States (Mointclair State University) Grover Furr (Grover Furr) “The mystery of the Katyn massacre. Evidence and solutions" (The Mystery of the Katyn Massacre: The Evidence, The Solution).

By riddles Katyn massacre

Furr speaks Russian and has devoted many years to studying the Katyn issue.. The book summary says: "This book explains, why Stalin and the Soviet government were not involved in the execution of thousands of Polish prisoners of war in April-May 1940 Mr. ".

Furr provides evidence. In the Third Reich's report on the Katyn massacre (Official material on the Katyn mass murder,1943) names of Poles shot by the Germans appear, which were initially transported to Starobelsk and Ostashkov.

In November 2011 g. Polish and Ukrainian archaeologists discovered a mass grave of Polish soldiers in Vladimir-Volynsky, Ukraine.

Among those shot were police officers Jozef Kuligowski and Ludwik Maloveiski.. According to the official version, they were executed in Katyn in 1940, buried under name plates at the Mednoe memorial complex. However, from archival documents it is known, that both Poles were sent to the disposal of the camp administration in Ostashkov. Then their traces are lost and suddenly their corpses are found in a grave in Volyn, a thousand kilometers from Katyn.

Polish Internet resource ITVL.pl reacted to the discovery with the article “People from the Katyn list were killed in Vladimir-Volynsky?». In a report on the ominous find, Polish archaeologist Dominika Sieminska noted: “The execution took place no earlier than 1941 of the year". The executed were laid in stacks - the favorite method of burying victims by the units of SS-Obergruppenführer Friedrich Jeckeln operating here., executed for war crimes in 1946 g.

What is important, 98% cartridge cases, found at the execution site, were German, production 1941 of the year. The remains of women and children were found nearby, lying in an embrace. Many of those executed were Jews. Furr makes an important point: The NKVD never shot mothers and children, unlike the Nazis, and the presence at the execution site in Vladimir-Volynsky and Katyn of hundreds of German-made cartridges indicates German involvement in these deaths. Despite this, Polish media immediately declared the graves in Vladimir-Volynsky to be the work of NKVD officers, who shot Poles with German cartridges. “...Polish prisoners of war were not killed by the Soviets. They remained in Soviet captivity, but were captured by the Germans and shot in the second half 1941 Mr. ", – Grover Furr writes.

The German report states, that German shell casings were found at the site of the execution in Katyn Gecko 7.65 D and Gecko 7.65 DD produced by Gustav Genshov (Gustaw Genschow). However, not a single photograph shows the factory markings on the cartridges., by which you can identify the manufacturer and year of production!

The USSR purchased ammunition produced by the Genshov company in 1920-1930 gg. The Germans only had to photograph the markings, to prove the use of German cartridges by NKVD officers in Katyn, imported from Germany in those years. Furr points out, that Genshov himself at the hearings of the Select Committee of the US House of Representatives to investigate the facts, evidence and circumstances of the Katyn massacre (US House Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation of the Facts, Evidence and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre, 1951) reported, that the cartridges from his company were marked Gecko 7.65 DD and Geco D 7.65 D, but not Gecko 7.65 D. It seems like little things, but it looks like this, like in a photograph, processed using photoshop, some pixels are not erased. However, this did not stop American congressmen from blaming the Soviet Union for the death of Polish officers..

The German report mentions a certain officer Vladislav Chernushevich, like someone shot in Ostashkov. In the book of the Polish researcher Jedrzej Tucholski The murder in Katyn. Kozielsk, Ostashkov, Starobielsk. List of victims ("Murder in Katyn". Kozelsk, I left, Starobelysk. List of victims", Warsaw, 1991) a certain Chernushevich Vladislav with the same date of birth is already listed as a prisoner of Kozelsk... Furr clarifies: a man with that last name was a prisoner of Starobelsk, but not Ostashkova, not Kozelsk. And the prisoners of Starobelsk, according to the official version of Warsaw, shot in Pyatikhatki near Kharkov, but not in Katyn. Tucholsky's lists are fake.

Historians were unable to find in the archives the orders of the Soviet authorities on the execution of Poles in Katyn. There are only lists of orders for their transfer to Kalinin, which does not mean the death penalty. Further traces of prisoners are lost. Warsaw insists, that these lists should be considered a name index of executed Poles. The case of Kuligovsky and Maloveisky shows the inconsistency of such an opinion.

But what about that fact?, that many “victims” of Katyn lived peacefully into old age – law professor Remigiusz Bezhanek, journalist Franciszek Biernacki or, let us say, father of the Chairman of the Swiss National Council Marian Janiak?

"Irrefutable evidence, which we have after studying the German report [about the execution in Katyn], these are German shell casings at the execution site, camp tags from Ostashkov and corpses of prisoners of war, imprisoned in Ostashkov and Starobelsk, but found [somehow] in Katyn",

– Grover Furr writes.

He reproaches Western historians for neglecting the conclusions of the Burdenko Commission. In particular, Furr points to the discovery of letters in the graves of Polish officers, dated after May 1940 city, when the execution took place. For example, in a letter to Tomasz Zygon (Tomasz Zygoń) worth the date 12 September 1940 of the year. If Zygony was shot in May, how he got the letter in September?

By riddles Katyn massacre

Monument to the Katyn victims in Jersey City (USA)

Let's emphasize, that Furr’s book is not the first in the West, reasonably questioning the version, not having anything to do with actual events. AT 1988 year, a study by Polish historian Romuald Swiatek was published in London (Romuald Świątek) "Katyn Forest" (The Katyn Forest / Romuald Swiatek, London Panda Press, 1988). The author spent time in Soviet camps with 1950 by 1956 city, and captured German officers told him, that the Poles were shot by the Nazis in Katyn. Swiatek is confident: Katyn - German provocation, which was organized with the aim of shaking the Soviet-Polish anti-Hitler alliance. This is more than likely - the Germans announced about Katyn in 1943 city, just when the Polish Army of Ludow, with the support of the USSR, was preparing to fight for Poland.

On the eve of the 75th anniversary of the Victory over fascism, the number of attempts to falsify the role of the Soviet Union in the war will increase, and countering them will require new efforts. Unfortunately, Grover Furr and Romuald Swiatek's books about Katyn have not been translated into Russian. They are unknown to the general Russian reader, although they could play a role in the fierce battle of ideas for the legacy of the Victory.

Vladislav GULEVICH

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