Split layout bottom mine Mirabeau
In the thirties of the last century, Soviet engineers were actively engaged in the development of naval mines, including new classes. Create weapons non-contact action and mines for the production of aircraft with. The first aircraft with the induction mine fuse was the product of Mirabeau, put into service in 1939 g. However, at the time of adopting failed to solve all tasks.
Evolution min
AT 1932 g. the Naval Forces of the Red Army was adopted Remini mine development "Ostekhbyuro". It was the river bottom mine with inductive fuze, designed for productions from ships. With the help of specially designed relay mine galvanometer performs detection purposes and undermined. Hitting surface of the object carried by the blast in the bottom.
Shortly after the appearance of Remini in "Ostekhbyuro" engaged in the development of new proximity fuse with enhanced characteristics. AT 1935 g. Similar work allowed to start the project of modernization of existing mines. According to the results refine the new mine was to have increased reliability and the ability to install from a ship or aircraft.
New mine was designated Mirabeau ("Mina induction river aviation, for strafing), under which remained in history.
development of existing
The project Mirabeau proposed to use some good developments on Remini. At the same time introducing new devices and components. As a result of the new mine looks almost no different from the previous one, but the interior fittings were completely different. Properly distinguished and fighting qualities.
Mina mirabs retained body characteristic curved shape, was covering all indoor units. The outer casing reminiscent stone, allowing the mine to the bottom of the pond did not stand out visually and did not create the disturbance flow. The housing has been strengthened in accordance with the expected load when resetting the plane.
Inside the outer casing placed all the major components of the mines, placed in their own housings. The product is equipped with a 64-kg charge of TNT. Next to it is a sealed enclosure with battery, fuse and a hydrostatic safety device.
The main element of the fuse was the induction coil, borrowed from mines Remini. It was located around the bottom of the mine and contained 34 thousand. turns. The coil responsive to the vertical component of the magnetic field goal.
Mirabeau was first used in the detonator two-pulse action. When a pulse arrives from the reel, It testifies to the appearance of some object, Starts relay. If during the time of the second pulse switch acted, followed at undermining team. Otherwise the fuse back into standby mode. Double-pulse scheme reduces the sensitivity to noise and increases the probability of hitting a target reliable.
Proximity fuse for Mirabeau provided nerazmagnichennyh defeat surface targets with a displacement of at least 20 t. Radius System - up 5 m. It is possible to use only mines in the rivers or in the shallow waters. To avoid damage or tripping, mines should put at intervals of not less than 25 m. setting depth - from 1,5 to 8 m.
The construction of mines. 1 — charge; 2 — housing; 3 — heaves; 4 — germokorpus with appliances; 5 — fuse; 6 — coil; 7 — guardband coil
The length of the final product was mirabs 1,03 m, width - 688 mm, height - 700 mm. Weight - 260 kg. For use in surface director of the mine was equipped with wheels. on the body can also be mounted parachute. The plan was to drop a mine with strafing (5-50 m) or at low altitudes (50-150 m).
Mina on tests
Development of the project was completed in Mirabeau 1937 g. In the same year "Ostekhbyuro" disbanded, and the project was taken over by the newly formed CDB-36. This organization has completed the necessary work and brought the mine to adopting. Besides, she later performed the modernization.
In tests with the boats or ships, directors no problems. Mina fell from the feed ejector and gently lay on the bottom. A few minutes later she moved into the firing position, and could hit targets.
Soon, on the Black Sea near Feodosia took the test with discharge from an airplane. Mirabeau was the bearer of the DB-3 bomber. Mina was completed parachute area 3 m. It revealed, that for resetting a wide range of distances and heights mine splashed at about 100 m / s. of water strike gets too strong, and drew the fuse failure.
Attempts have been made design improvements, but they did not give the desired result. During the tests done 40 discharges, and in most cases the mines broke.
Nevertheless, Mirabeau was recommended to the adoption. It was proposed to use only with surface directors, but not with the aircraft. The corresponding order has appeared in 1939 city, and soon began mass production. In production involving several companies from different cities.
upgraded mines
In the same 1939 g. work began on improving Mirabeau. The main aim was to provide the use of mines aviation. Also managed to increase the combat characteristics. The resulting pattern is called UM - "Weighted mine".
Reset mines on tests
Mina PA received a charge of TNT weighing 260 kg, whereby to potyazhelela 400 kg. The product is equipped with parachute system from mines MAP 1 with the dome area 7,5 m. Such a parachute allowed to build up charge, and also to reduce the speed to splashdown 25 m / s. PA can be dropped from a height of at least 400 m.
Mina UM accepted by the Navy in the USSR 1941 g. At the factory "Kommunar" in Zaporozhye began preparations for its production, but the beginning of the Great Patriotic War canceled all plans. Apparently, UM has not gone into series.
After few years, at 1942 g. engineers CDB-36 developed the project of modernization of Mirabeau-1, take into account the shortcomings and operating experience of the basic products. In this project, we improved housing, rebuilt power, We use the new output relay and simplified safety mechanism. Mirabeau-1 has successfully passed factory tests, but not entered into service.
combat application
The first batches of min Mirabeau shipped to the customer only 1940-41 gg. Production of such weapons has encountered some problems of various kinds, but it managed to establish. However, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the fleet was less than a hundred minutes of serial. Subsequently, the issue of weapons continued, but its rate is poor, and Mirabeau did not become the most massive mine fleet.
There are several episodes of the application on different fronts mirabs. So, in the middle of July 1941 g. armored Danube Flotilla exposed 15 min on the path of the advancing enemy. In early September, on this section of the Danube Germans lost two minesweeper boat. plot of trawl, but, apparently, ineffectually. In August 1942 in the same area were blown Romanian ship.
Mina UM parachute system. 1 — mine; 2 — the connecting strap; 3 — parachute; 4 — exhaust sling
In July and August 1942 g. Black Sea Fleet performed four productions minutes Mirabeau. The enemy was able to get information about the place of, but the clearance of mines continued until the beginning of September - all the time captured the port is not used. At the same time the German side lost several boats and ships.
known, that the struggle with the Soviet non-contact mines became a prominent issue for the German mine-sweeping forces. German experts have experience in dealing with non-contact mines of foreign manufacture, but the Soviets were a novelty for them. Besides, trawling hampered fuse with the double-pulse scheme. The Germans have learned to deal with Mirabeau, but during this time we had lost several ships.
mixed sample
In the domestic literature for many years called Mirabeau unsuccessful model. The emergence of such assessments contributed to low production volumes, low reliability of the equipment, small charge, and the impossibility of staging planes. Besides, Until recently, there were no data on the results of combat use.
Information from the German documents appeared only a few years ago, and noticeably changed the overall picture. It follows, that mines Mirabeau, despite the limited use, could inflict some damage. Furthermore, one of them worked after a year on the bottom in a combat-ready position - a very remarkable episode. In this way, the available data do not allow us to consider Mirabeau clearly failed project.
It makes sense to a more balanced assessment of. Mirabeau showed acceptable results and can be considered a good weapon for specific tasks. It was designed to operate in shallow waters and in practice has coped with this. In the same time, great benefits it could bring, if possible dumping from airplanes. However, suitable for use aviation modification UM not reached Fleet. Besides, on the results of the combat employment adversely affected small production.
In this way, in other circumstances mine Mirabeau could go down in history as one of the most interesting and deserving specimens. However, not all design and manufacturing task was solved, which limited the potential weapons. Nevertheless, and get video Mirabeau mines contributed to the fight against the enemy - even if it is not too big.
/Kirill Ryabov, topwar.ru/
