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combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but "Zero"?

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»? Japanese fighter Ki-84 "Hayat"

Of course, Inquire any, which plane was the best of Japan during the Second World War, in response to hear a mighty roar: "Zero!!!»

And some of the "experts" and "experts" too hard shove A6M all charts, regardless of, who are neighbors palubnika: fighter-bomber, palubniki, escort ...

And indeed it was good A6M and its modifications? Or maybe, there was something better and?

I believe, what happened. Not right away, of course, with the war over. But before that I would like to say a few words about the "Zero".

I will not argue with those, who believes, it was an outstanding machine. This is really debatable, but disassembly palubnikov were, the opinion remains in the same place. A6M was a machine for more than a kind, so that…

So I just offer you to sit in his cabin, and in the company of strange fellows to meet the "Cats" and "Dogs" with the US aircraft carrier.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

You do not have armor. At all. Any place a machine gun caliber rifle in a side or rear projection - and you have a problem. About bullets of heavy machine guns and aviapushek I just keep quiet. They even humane immediately to the light, without suffering.

You can only hide behind the engine in the front hemisphere, and it can conditionally. "Kinsey", which costs you, - a copy of the nine-cylinder-row of vent "Pratt & Whitney» R-1689 "Hornet" pre-war. With double air vent would be more reliable, but, as the saying goes, have what, that we have.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

true, Unlike water cooling fellow, vent can give you a chance. And do not die from one or two bullets. And can not give.

But even if you do not try and, the bullet passed, lucky, do not relax. Tanks with gasoline and oil - another problem. They also do not have armor. Sideburns-sealing and filled with exhaust gases.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

Generally, pyromaniac's dream, rather than plane. not kill, so burn. What to do, such fee maneuverability, in the horizon, and the vertical. What is there to do, if "Kinsey" from "Mitsubishi" (and to "Sakae» from «Nakadzhimы») given at the beginning of the war is not over 1000 HP.

So maneuverability, height, range and more or less decent weapons from "Zero" were, but it paid for it is quite expensive: the lives of pilots. And once trained before the war, the pilots began to stand out in the course of the war, the case went to the front on the air is not very nice.

Basically, The situation is painfully reminiscent of the, what I said, when closely examined I-109 and FW-190. And the Japanese were faced with a difficult choice - or finally make the plane on the European or the American model, or stay in the Air Force at all without result, since the aircraft will not be pilots.

What should I do, if the Americans, British and Australians Code "Bushido" was unfamiliar, and they did not want to climb right through to the guns and machine guns, preferring to sleep with bullets of the enemy fighters? Good, so much did not have to do.

so, «Hyatt», fighter Nakajima Ki-84.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

Go tell, that Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien will be the same review, but alas!, the Japanese were not able to make liquid-cooled engine. Daimler-Benz DB 601A - engine simply magnificent, and the Germans did everything, the Japanese were able to produce it at its plants, but, Alas, "Japanese" Messerschmitt "did not take off. more precisely, of course, I flew and fought, but alas!, call it good not dare.

So that the competition agency Nakajima, basically, He won for such a clear advantage. And the plane, which will be discussed, It is a kind of compromise between the precursors Hayabusa Ki-43 and Ki-44 Shoki. At all, "Hayat" had the idea to replace both aircraft, and the requirements for its flight characteristics it is envisaged.

One side, 84-st had to have the maneuverability is not worse (well, or not much worse) than the Ki-43, but exceed the Ki-44. And here everything is clear, "Hayabusa" - pure fighter air superiority, its purpose was just the enemy fighters. A "shocks" on the Japanese classification - Interceptor bomber.

Generally, Ki-84 was originally conceived as a multi-role fighter with long range, able to fight with both fighters maneuverable, and have sufficient firepower, to destroy the bombers.

Requirements include the maximum speed 640-685 km / h on 5000 m, fuel capacity was to allow an hour and a half to work at a distance of 400-450 km from the airport.

strict requirements, but in the management of aviation believed, that new new 18-cylinder radial engine Nakajima Ha-45 the capacity of 2000 HP. be able to provide the necessary power.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

The armament was the standard, there are two synchronized machine guns Ho-103 caliber 12.7 mm under the hood and two guns Ho-5 caliber 20 mm in the wings outside the sweeping range of the screw.

And - lo and behold! - was charged with providing armored protection pilot and equipment machine-sealing fuel tanks.

Work began in 1942 year, and at the end of 1943 already the first two instances of up in the air.

tests have shown, that all really happened. And about the tests I should say the fight, that the first batch production Ki-84-Ia were sent into battle for Leyte Gulf, where everything was serious and intense.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

The "Khayat" battles proved to be a very uncomfortable and a formidable opponent. Need to say, that the Allied commanders were very puzzled by the question confrontation aircraft, which had a very outstanding LTH.

Protection of Ki-84 in comparison with the usual standards for allied pilots, It was just the height of perfection. The weapon is comparable to the number of, and the quality of machine guns and cannons, the Japanese have always been the order.

Unpleasant surprise was, that the Ki-84-Ia was climb and maneuverability of all Allied fighters, and at low and medium altitudes as fast, as the P-51D «Mustang» and P-47D «Thunderbolt" and faster, than the rest of the allies airplanes.

Impression marred only, that prototype, and those, that came out of the ordinary assembly plants, still were different machines.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

Serial Ki-84-Ia always suffered from defects fuel and hydraulic systems, delivers certain inconveniences frankly weak landing gear, and the engines Ha-45 rarely develop full design capacity.

But the main drawback of "Hayat" become pilots ...! The Americans and the British, Carry out the test and during the war, and after it, celebrated, that in the hands of an experienced pilot Ki-84 was the most dangerous enemy. But we are talking about events 1944-45 years, when it experienced pilots began a catastrophic end.

for 18 months of serial production was built 3 473 aircraft of all modifications. It seems to be a little, but ... It is worth to say, that almost 200 aircraft per month - this is for the industry of Japan, at the end of the war heartily treated by American bombers, very good indicator. I would say, that works like a real samurai.

And also makes upgrading, general commands respect.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

Model for Ki-84-Ia model followed Ki-84-Ib. A model of "b" synchronous 12.7-mm machine guns were replaced by guns, but 5-caliber 20 mm. In this way, armament was made up of four 20-mm cannons, two of which were synchronous, which gave a very decent level as a salvo by weight, and accuracy.

But then I went into a series model of Ki-84-Ic, the main task of which puts the destruction of "flying fortresses". In this modification of the wing guns, but were replaced by 5-Ho-105 caliber 30 mm. In this way, arms rose to 2x20 mm and 2x30 mm, that generally correspond to the best indicators of the opponents.

And when the matter went to the 2000 hp engine Ha-45-23 with direct fuel injection and afterburner system, copied from the German MW-50, the speed and performance of up to 650-670 kmh.

There was also a general study of all components, especially the cockpit layout. The pilot was protected bronezagolovnikom, bronespinkoy and lamp shade is made of armored glass.

progress is being made, But there was a fly: and could not bring to mind the emergency discharge lamp system, and fire-fighting equipment and remains in the drivers' dreams.

combat aircraft: the best Japanese fighter, but not «zero»?

The plane had a very good handling, It was very stable in flight, so willingly used as a night interceptor. In general, the pilots loved, because compared to its predecessors, it was actually a flying armored weapons platform, It allows you to make quite a lot in the battle with the skillful use.

Characteristics of Ki-84-Ia "Hayata":

Wingspan, m: 11,30 
Length, m: 9,85 
Height, m: 3.38
wing area, m2: 21,02 

Weight, kg
- empty aircraft: 2698
- normal take-off: 3602 
- maximum take-off: 4170 

engine's type: 1 x Ha-45-21
Power, HP: 1 x 1970
full speed, kmh: 687 
Cruising speed, kmh: 409 

practical range, km: 2968 
combat range, km: 1255 
Max. skoropodъemnost, m / min: 1302
Service ceiling, m: 11582 

weaponry: Two 20-mm cannon (150 shells each), Two 12.7 mm machine gun (350 bullets on gun), two 200-kg bombs.

/Roman Skomorokhov, topwar.ru/

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