rightly, speaking about aviation, talk about aircraft engines. Those "flaming engine", where, properly, We fly our aircraft during the Second World War.
At all, in 30-40s of our industry, undoubtedly, I made a huge leap. From direct photocopying, what, generally, not shameful, and is an indicator of the level of development of design schools in the country, to a steady release of its equipment in large quantities and commercially.
And if we have to tank-building revolution in general as such was not, that aviation was bad and poor. Bad - because aircraft engine production in Russia has not established (let screwdriver assembly "Gnome-Rhone" to not take all the statistics, this is not serious), and the most advanced designers such as Sikorsky and Lebedev would prefer not to deal with the Bolsheviks.
Yes, were Polikarpov, Hackel, Grigorovich, Tupolev, growing up young, but ... Motors was still.
We refer to the memoirs of Alexander Yakovlev. The "purpose of life", he repeatedly brought their applications for foreign-made engines. And not because, that the young designer there is something not satisfied, but simply because, that was not his. Fact, of course, not very comforting.
But, Alas, hard to deny, that virtually all Soviet aircraft engines were imported copies of developments.
The purpose of this article did not put some kind of affliction in our industry or the labor of Soviet designers, rather, conversely. This demonstration of facts and figures in order, as it turns out that it is necessary from nothing.
Technological advances - generally a difficult thing. No need to look far for examples, not so long ago, at 1966 year, in the USSR, a car factory was built, the outdated Italian cars. And in 2016 year, true, already in the status of a subsidiary of the concern "Renault", the assembly line began to come off the machine with rear disc brakes and similar cars.
Yes, We had decided earlier to flaunt all the best, ie domestic, and maximally belittle the merits of the foreign producers in our technical development. Today, of course, simpler.
That is why today I am quite normal and without accusations of unpatriotic, I can say, that the air shield and sword of the Soviet Union was forged around the world.
Let's start? screw!
so, than spinning screws Soviet aircraft. clear, that engines. And what?
1. Bristol Jupiter. United Kingdom.
Single row with star-nine-arranged cylinders. Mass production with 1918 by 1930 years.
Of course, British motor just so we have not presented. But they opened production in France under the brand name "Gnome-Rhone», and the French have quite normal license acquired Soviet Union. So "Jupiter" was the official residence in the USSR and was produced until 1935 of the year, provoevav entire Great Patriotic. Well first half exactly.
M-22 (aka "Jupiter") I installed on I-16 and I-15.
2. Wright R-1820 Cyclone. USA.
nine-, single-row, stellated, air cooling. issued with 1931 by 1954 years.
Licensed produced in Spain and the Soviet Union under the brand name M-25.
M-25 mounted on aircraft I-15, I-15bis, I-153, I-16, WORK-1.
A further modification of the M-25 was the M-62 / DB-62, in which developments, in its turn, useful when creating a double-row star-engines (FOOD-82, eg).
M-62 He was placed on the I-153, I-16 (18 and 27 series, a basic embodiment gearless), Li-2 and still under the name AL-62IR applies to survivors of An-2.
M-82 / AY-82. This is where a little difficulty. Basically, who will say, that is the development of our engineers - will be right. who says, the engine is from the same opera, their predecessors - the same rights.
M-82 was DIL, but the two rows of cylinders - not that different, as the M-62, which was reduced with the number of cylinders 9 to 7. Stroke was also reduced, which led to a decrease in motor diameter. Respectively, reduction of drag. Plus, M-82 was the first Soviet-built fuel-injected engine.
Total produced over 70 000 engines within the family.
M-82 mounted on:
- bombardirovškiTu-2, Su-2, Pe-8;
- La-5 fighters, La-5FN, La 7, La-9, La 11;
- passenger Il-12, IL-14;
- Mi-4.
There Shvetsov family of engines, is a "neobrublennye" twin "Cyclones", i.e, 18-cylinder M-71, M-72 and M-73.
M-73 / AS-73 to the turbocharger 1 of the LC-
M-73 mounted on the Tu-Be-4 and 6, and, on the flying boat showed himself just fine, since Be-6 does not require the installation of high-rise compressor.
3. Spanish-Swiss 12Y. France.
12-cylinder V-type engine liquid cooling.
I have already talked about this engine in the materials about the "Hispano-Suiza" and "émile dewoitine D-520". It is also produced in our licensed and have modified, HS 12Y and became the ancestor of his, not less prominent family of water-cooled engines in. Klimova.
M-100. Mounted on SB bombers. It was further chain upgrades through M-103 to M-105.
M-100
M-105. It was really hard modified M-103. The motor has a smaller swept volume, increased compression ratio, two-speed centrifugal blower, two inlet (and later the two outlet) valves per cylinder.
All were released more 90 000 Motors 105-M all modifications.
M-105 / TA-105 set to:
- fighters LaGG-3, Like 1, How-7, Yak-9, Like 3, Do-3;
- Yak-4 bomber, Overall 2, Pe-2, Ar-2.
Push Engine version M-105, which was the M-107, It was also released on the path and not such a huge series, and just over 7 000 pcs, Nevertheless, It has every right to be present in the list.
VK-107
M-107 / TA-107 mounted on Yak-9U and Pe-2.
4. Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major. France.
Another star-14-cylinder engine. licensed copy, produced in the USSR named M-85 and its further modification M-87. Chief designer of the motor were AS. Nazarov (M-86) and C. TO. Tumansky (M-87).
Motor was frankly weak, but very reliable. Generally it is licensed produced all, who wanted to: Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary. Even the Germans put the "C" on his stormtroopers Hs-129.
We have the same motors M-85 - M-87 were mounted on the bombers DB-3 and IL-4.
5. BMW VI. Germany.
Another line of motors. German source, V-shaped 12-cylinder engine with water cooled was modified Alexander Mikulin and went into the series as M-17. We must pay tribute to the Germans, kindly provide us with the right to release the engine, engines in Bavaria were able to build ever.
With this engine, we flew non-111 and DO-17, it produced all over the world (Romania, Japan and others.)
M-17 mounted on TB-1, TB-3, P-5, MBR-2.
But the interesting thing was to come, in versions.
AM-34 we just missed, because it puts all the same model, and even flew to America on aircraft taxiway.
AM-35. Installed on the MiG-1, Mig-3, and Il-8. series was released almost 5 thousand units.
AM-35
AM-38. He was placed on the IL-2. Total produced over 40 thousand engines.
Until now, many weapons and aviation websites, people are scratching their spears, how to treat it motors Mikulin, work as independent or as a copy of the German engine.
truth, as always, somewhere in the middle will. If in fact - the Germans created a decent engine, Mikulin was a strong designer, Made of "German" monster, drags one screw armored box IL-2.
So controversial here. But nothing bad I personally do not feel. It's more of BMW engineers and designers must be frustrating.
Now certainly some have bred, I feel. Author, what, Our engines did not exist? It was.
for example, here.
M-11, wonder-bike, which brought into the sky, without exaggeration, several generations of Soviet pilots, and dragged into the war all, that have: wounded, mail, bombs.
Developed engine was CB aircraft factory number 4 in the competition for the best engine design for training aircraft rated power 100 l. from., at 1923 year. Chief of Bureau at the time was A. D. Shvetsov. Sam Shvetsov, although it has been awarded, I never spoke, it is the author of the development.
The engine did not have outstanding characteristics, but it was reliable, as the Mosin rifle, Technology in Production, as a bolt, not picky about the used fuel and oil.
Someone says, it mildly, compare complicated, but here, it is what it is. Small and reliable on the one hand and on the other borrowed. Sorry, but this time it was. nobody us, Unfortunately, He has not presented any constructors, or engineers. About plants even silent.
the, they could, and until recently in our country did not even think of such a problem, both aircraft engines, - achievement. I hope, this one will not argue?
/Roman Skomorokhov, topwar.ru/
