At the beginning of the last century, leading armies of the world started to get into service first samples of self-loading pistols. However, in the case of the Russian Imperial Army were not so good, how many would wish. In service was still even and reliable, but archaic semizaryadny revolver Nagant system.
Put into service in 1895 year revolver stayed in the domestic armed forces for decades, successfully survived the Second World War and. However, in 1905 the young Russian gunsmith Sergey Aleksandrovych Prylutskyy He presented the military's own development - self-loading pistol, which may be called first Russian sample firearms of this type.
For many years it was thought, that the first domestic self-loading pistol was TK gun (Tula Korovin). Created by the Soviet designer Sergei Alexandrovich Korovin gun was ready by autumn 1926 of the year. TK under 6,35h15 mm cartridge Browning became the first Soviet serial self-loading pistol, Production of the new model began in Tula at the end 1926 of the year. At the same time Prilutsky turned to the idea of creating such a gun in the beginning of the century.
The first Soviet serial self-loading pistol TC
The story of the Good Friday gun
The emergence of self-loading or, how often they say in the West, semiautomatic pistols, It had at the end of the XIX century. This period of the history of firearms marked the arrival of guns and magazine rifles of various systems. Designers around the world have paid attention to such an important technical parameter, as the rate of firearms. As a result, the light began to appear the first models of self-loading pistol with magazine-fed.
At the same time experts note, that the spread of self-loading pistols went wrong actively, as the opinion of such handguns, as a means of active defense in melee, It has been mixed. Many in the military believed, that there is no need to change the guns on self-loading pistols simply no.
The self-loading pistols supply cartridge from the magazine into the chamber was used energy propellant gases. Energy, occurring in the barrel during the combustion of gunpowder charge, It gave the impetus, which set in motion the mechanism for automatic pistol. To fire a weapon, arrows each time has to pull the trigger.
The creation of such a barreled firearms in the early XX century, seriously moved forward the famous American arms designer John Browning, Design work was the result of the legendary self-loading gun M1911, which are widely operated in the world today. However, many followers have used American ideas for designing your own self-loading pistols.
Here it should be noted, that in the Russian Empire only foreign designers services used in those years, own development and research to create production models of handguns was virtually no. For example, The same revolver Nagant system was designed specifically for the Russian army Belgian designers Emil and Leon revolver.
At the same time war minister Aleksey Kuropatkin many times raised the question of the beginning of work on his own gun. Even before the Russian-Japanese War 1903 year at the next meeting of the commission GAU Kuropatkin ordered the creation of a new short-gun, appointing an award for the invention in the amount of 5 thousand. Likely, Kuropatkina decision was the impetus, which made Russian arms makers to pay attention to the short arms, and new research in this area.
Gun Browning M1903
Responded to the new demands of war not only armourers. It is believed, what in 1905 year in Russia presented a first draft of the self-loading pistol. Talking about the sketch work, made so far only a secondary school pupil, Sergei Prilutsky. It is believed, that in the conceptual design of the new gun used Prilutsky developments Browning automatic pistol on, selecting the cartridge quality popular at the beginning of the XX century patron 7,65 mm Browning (7,65x17 mm).
Own project future designer sent a letter to the GAC, where he was met famous designer Vladimir G. Fedorov - the creator of the first domestic machine. View project, Fedorov sent Prilutsky wish list for such weapons. According to a reputable gunsmith, the mass of the new self-loading pistol has not had to exceed 900 grams, caliber ammunition used - 9 mm, box magazine capacity - not less than 8 rounds.
Self-loading pistol sample Prilutsky 1914 of the year
Having received the necessary recommendations, Prilutsky Sergey continued working on the gun, parallel continuing to study. After completing his studies in Real School designer he graduated from the Higher Technical School Imperial. Modified self-loading pistol was presented in Prilutsky 1911 year. Weapons under the 9-mm cartridge "Browning long," was sent to the GAC. Get acquainted with the gun, the experts recommended to finish a little product, considering, that presented a pistol deserves attention and can be manufactured at the Tula arms factory. On the issue of gun control Main Artillery issued Prilutsky 200 rubles.
When designing the gun Prilutskii relied on circuit operation Browning automatic pistol sample 1903 year and previously created sketch. In this case, the designer on the recommendations of the military increased the caliber of the gun to 9 mm, had based chambered 9h20 mm Browning Long. For his gun gunsmith created an individual design magazine catch, placing this item on the lateral surface of the housing box magazine with a single in-line cartridges, and removed the front upper part of the gun housing.
The subsequent reduction of the mass-shutter casing did not change the automatic weapon system, but it affected the decrease in mass gun, allowing the charges to meet the requirements. The length of the model was autoloading pistol Prilutsk 189 mm, Barrel length - 123 mm, in the gun barrel had 4 groove, direction grooves - right. Magazine capacity - 8 rounds. Today, this sample is stored in the collection of Tula arms museum, some researchers believe, that is stored in the Tula gun at one time produced personally Sergei Prilutsky.
Prerevolutionary sample Prilutsky gun
Having familiarized with the new model of self-loading pistol, GAU Commission recognized the project is quite bold and interesting, assessing the prospects of the model and design of a pistol. At the same time employees of the Main Artillery Directorate allocated magazine catch, that the designer put on the store itself, as well as the rear sight and the extractor, which have been combined and represented one detail. The disadvantages of the gun Prilutsky Commission carried complexity of partial disassembly of weapons and a tendency to model the release of spent cartridges in the direction of the arrow.
The project was proposed to modify, but these plans were prevented began in 1914 , the First World War. The war ended with the revolution in Russia, grew into full-scale civil war, which for years pushed the meeting GAU commission processed model of the self-loading pistol.
Autoloading pistols sample Prilutsk 1927 and 1930 years
Again about their own development Prilutsky recalled already in the USSR, where in 1924 year submitted the necessary documents to obtain a patent for the pistol. FROM 1924 to 1927 of the year, when the patent was granted, the designer has devised a pistol, making its design a number of changes, other than the circuit, specified in patent.
The new model of modified gun was originally created under the cartridge caliber Browning 7,65 mm. Compared with the pre-revolutionary model of a new gun in the hand is better to lay hand and became more compact. The length of the arms was reduced to 175 mm, Barrel length - up 113 mm. Box magazine with a single in-line cartridges could hold 9 7,65h17 mm caliber.
The main competitor of Good Friday became a gun pistol Korovin. In reference to the production have been issued during the comparative tests 10 self-loading pistols Prilutsky, which in April 1928 Year went to the part of the Red Army to undergo field trials. Operation revealed, that presented Prilutsky self-loading pistol is different for the better from pistols Korovin and Walter simple construction and dismantling. Self-loading pistol consisted of Prilutsky 31 details, Korovin and models and from Walter 56 and 51 parts respectively.
The tests also showed uptime Prilutsky model. On 270 shots were recorded 8 delays, whereas Walter - 17, while the gun system Korovin - 9 delays 110 shots. As noted by the commission members, on the accuracy of combat pistols Korovin and Good Friday are equal to each other, while both models are superior to the gun Walter.
Main Artillery Administration has recognized the gun Prilutsky test winner, but it is not recommended to launch serial production and adoption of the Red Army because of existing shortcomings. To identify the Board's comments are as follows: when the sleeve extraction often flew in the face of the arrow, been difficulties with the extraction of the store, at dismantling weapons in the hands of marked cuts.
According to the results of the competition were given the task to release about 500 self-loading pistols Prilutsky, that, likely, We went to the army, and to recommend the designer to eliminate the revealed remarks.
AT 1929 , the military put forward new requirements to pistols, Prilutsky Korovin and ordered to alter their patterns under chuck 7,63h25 Mauser. At this time in the Constructors' race involved Fedor Tokarev. The tests revealed a new pistol design flaws Prilutsky, to which potyazhelel 1300 grams and has a strong recoil, which is considered unsuitable for such weapons.
It is worth noting, that the rest of the samples also showed a roughly similar problems. All guns once again sent back for revision, but under the new staff munition - adapted Mauser cartridge, received further indication 7,62h25 TT. This ammunition for years to come will be full-time Soviet patron for all created in the country guns and submachine guns.
Regular tests of pistols held in summer 1930 of the year. They participated more models, traditional parties (Prylutskomu, Korovin and Tokarev) added self-loading pistols Walter, Parabellum и Browning. At this time, the Commission recognized the best example Tokarev pistol, hereinafter become famous TT. Tokarev pistol formally accepted into service in late August 1930 of the year.
Gun Prilutsky system inferior competitor ergonomics, weight and reliability of operation. After 1930 , Sergei Alexandrovich Prilutsky did not return to his gun, and the creation of handguns, focusing on other work. As a member of KB Tula arms factory, the designer took part in the creation of twin and quad gun installations "Maxim", designed for firing at air targets, I worked on the machine for large-caliber machine-gun systems and the creation of submachine guns.
/Sergey Yuferev, topwar.ru/
