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How did the cape

How did the cape

An anxious attitude towards the upper protective clothing in the army. Still would! After all, it helps to protect yourself from the weather., and sometimes literally becomes a “mini-home" for a soldier. Even in the "Word of Igor’s Regiment" is mentioned epancha - "Japanese woman":

«Japanese and Japanese, and shrouds filling bridges over bogs and muddy places«.

Woolen epanche worn in the rain, soaking with drying oil. In the XVII century, epancha from an additional wardrobe item in case of bad weather turned into formal clothes, which was trimmed with fur and jewelry. Such a cloak was worn for dinner parties., and only boyars and rich nobles could afford it.

Everything changed in the 18th century, when in Peter's Russia epanche again became an attribute of military equipment. Of course, It’s not worth comparing the epanche of the Petrine era with a modern raincoat, but still it was something like that. AT 1761 in the ammunition of the Russian army were included raincoats-epanches with a collar and a hood, and at the end of the 19th century, capes appeared.

How did the cape

AT 1882 year, as an obligatory element in the camping equipment of a soldier of the Russian imperial army, an individual tent was included. Going camping, soldiers carried light gray bundles behind them, tied with belts to overcoat rolls. These were mini tents. Wooden jokes and a stand came to them., which were pushed by soldiers between the tent and the roll.

The importance of such a piece of equipment was difficult to underestimate.. After all, through such a tent the soldiers got the opportunity to protect themselves from the weather, as well as greatly facilitate your vacation. If the soldiers' tents were transported in a convoy of the second category, following 20-30 verst behind the shelf, the soldiers carried individual tents and, respectively, could use them at any time. After the introduction of the individual tent, the soldier no longer needed to wait for the convoy with the main tents to arrive - he could set up his own little tent and take cover from the rain.

The individual tent of a soldier of the Russian imperial army was a panel with holes for installation and was used only as a tent. However, the soldiers themselves immediately understood, that the tent can be used as a raincoat - in order, to shelter from rain and snow during transitions.

The command quickly drew attention to the soldiers' initiative and in 1910 the year the individual tent was slightly changed. From that time on, it was called the “soldier’s cloak-tent”. The bundle was still attached to the overcoat fold with the right hand, however, now a soldier could use a raincoat not only as a tent, but also like a cloak.

Yet 14 July 1892 years, Emperor Alexander III approved a cloak-cape as a component of equipment in a number of special forces and the navy. The cloak was sewn of rubberized fabric of protective or black color and was a cloak with a turn-down collar, but sleeveless. On the shoulders the cloak was fastened with a braid, fastened with buttons, and for the release of the hands were two slots.

The cloak-cape remained in the Soviet Army as a component of the uniform of officers and ensigns (michmanov) for use in rainy times. anticipated, that a cloak can be issued not only to officers, but also to sergeants and foremen of military service, if they perform certain job duties.

How did the cape

The raincoat tent gained real popularity already in Soviet times. AT 1936 the year the raincoat was introduced as an item of uniform (the Red Army) and command staff in the rifle units of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. The set of raincoat tents included: cloth 180 × 180 centimeters, collapsible rack of two rods with a length of 65 centimeters, two jokes, lacing rope.

The uniqueness of the Soviet raincoat was, that it was rather not a cloak as a piece of clothing, and a primitive tent tent, which could perform several functions at once. If in the everyday life of a soldier or officer, a raincoat-tent did not have much significance, then her role changed immediately, as soon as the unit advanced to the teachings.

With the help of raincoats, the Red Army unit could operate in any geographical and climatic conditions - in the mountains, the steppes, on a snowy plain. Weapons were cleaned on raincoats, they were used as bedding during practice shooting or lunch. Slept on raincoats, using them and as bedding, and like a blanket. Even as a convenient hammock, a raincoat can be used, stretching it between the trees. Therefore, the Red Army men and commanders immediately fell in love with a new item in their uniforms and treated it rather kindly.

If you can build a shelter for one person from a raincoat, then from several raincoats tents you can put together a tent, which can accommodate up to twelve people. If you use it as a canopy, then even from one cloak tent you can make a shelter for four people.

by the way, about using as a raincoat - criticism of a raincoat tent is quite common. breakwater, this product is not suitable as a raincoat, because it doesn’t protect a person from the rain. But it is not so. You just have to be careful about, how to put on a raincoat. true, although the tarpaulin of the raincoat really protects against water, over time, water still begins to seep. But the raincoat also dries pretty quickly, especially in the sun.

How did the cape

The Great Patriotic War made adjustments to the use of raincoats. Now they are often used not only for sheltering soldiers in the rain or as bedding for lunch or shooting at field exercises.

From the raincoat-tents turned out to be a good stretcher for carrying wounded soldiers. They covered open trenches, covered the entrances to the dugouts. Numerous examples of this are known., how Soviet fighters forced water barriers on raincoats. For this, raincoat tents were stuffed with straw or hay. It turned out a kind of mattress, on which a soldier could easily cross a small river or pond.

Interesting, that the Wehrmacht also used its own version of the raincoat, which the, I must pay tribute, was quite good. Therefore, our fighters really appreciated the captured German cloak-tents that fell into their hands. It's about the Zeltbahn raincoat tent 31, which was adopted by the Reichswehr’s gear 1931 year, even before Adolf Hitler came to power. This model replaced the one used with 1893 year square raincoat gray.

How did the cape

Unlike its predecessor, german sample raincoat 1931 year was not square, and triangular, could be used as a field table, tent, cloak, bedding. Besides, she was not gray, and camouflaged. In North Africa, there were also samples of special tropical camouflage - greenish yellow or light beige, but on the whole, even the African parts of the Wehrmacht used ordinary sample raincoats 1931 years of camouflage coloring.

by the way, just taking the German raincoat as a sample, at 1942 the year Soviet industry began to produce domestic camouflage raincoats. But the triangular shape of the German raincoat tents of the Red Army never adopted, although the German raincoats were clearly more convenient than the Soviet ones and it was precisely for these qualities that the Soviet fighters appreciated them.

The two sides of the German raincoat were about 203 cm, one side - in 250 cm. Along each of the short sides was 12 buttons and loops, and along the long side are six holes with a metal border and also six buttons. Through the holes, the structure was installed as a tent using a special tensioning cable. Like the Soviet raincoat, a German raincoat tent could be used as a blanket or bedding, and from two raincoats-tents make an awning to protect from rain.

Four raincoat tents, connected together, allowed to create a pyramidal four-seater tent. It was possible to make eight-seater and sixteen-seater tents. The installation kit included, in addition to the actual cloth, black two meter rope, four-piece wooden pillar 37 cm and two pegs. The fittings were placed in a special bag made of gabardine or thin tarpaulin, which was closed by a valve, fastening with one or two buttons.

But still, although the Soviet raincoat was inferior to the German in a number of ways, she was still loved and appreciated by our soldiers. The raincoat tent is among the symbols of our army. On many monuments, in many paintings, depicting World War II, our marines are clad in invariable raincoats.

How did the cape

In the Soviet Army, a cloak-tent existed almost unchanged in the post-war period of Russian history.. It was borrowed by the Warsaw Pact countries.. Besides, in separate units and subunits of the Soviet Army was equipped and SPP - a special raincoat tent, which had one very interesting feature - its back could be inflated like a mattress, which made it possible to use a raincoat as a sleeping bag and even as a floating tool. However, such raincoats were not massive and quite justified their name as “special” - they were issued only in special units, in parts of the Airborne Forces.

However, in the second half of the twentieth century, soldiers began to face, that the raincoat less and less met modern requirements and this is due, Firstly, with the size of the panel. When was the raincoat designed, the average height of a man was around 160-165 cm. In this way, having the length of the cloth in 180 cm, the raincoat tent fully met his needs.

Now the situation has changed. The average growth of a serviceman compared with a century ago has increased by no less than 20-30 cm. And if a person is tall 160 see raincoat tents 180 cm was enough, what is called, "With the head", then modern fighters 180-190 cm tall, this size of the raincoat is already small.

How did the cape

In the 1980s - 1990s. Soviet and Russian armies again had to fight - first in Afghanistan, then in a number of armed conflicts in "hot spots" on the territory of the former Soviet Union. And in all these conflicts, the raincoat came to the aid of the soldiers again and again. In Afghanistan and Chechnya, military personnel used it to carry the wounded, performed a cape and all the previous auxiliary functions, facilitating the daily life of personnel in the field.

Finally, don't forget about, that raincoats are still used by dozens, if not hundreds of thousands of civilians. Time-tested product is in great demand among fishermen and hunters, tourists, in geological and archaeological expeditions, in construction organizations. Generally, raincoat tent is in demand by all those categories of our fellow citizens, who often happens in the field and needs high-quality and reliable equipment.

Although now a large number of a wide variety of tourist and camping equipment are on sale, including quality products from world famous companies, the good old raincoat does not lose its relevance. After all, it combines good protective qualities and low price, light weight and the possibility of universal use for a variety of purposes.

/Ilya Polonsky, topwar.ru/

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