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Afghanistan: Memories of the Future

Afghanistan: Memories of the Future

This day is uniquely associated with the withdrawal of our troops from Afghanistan. 15 February 1989 g. Lieutenant General Boris Gromov, Commander of the limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan (OKSVA), I jumped off the armored personnel carriers and on foot crossed the Friendship Bridge across the Amu Darya River, separating Afghanistan from the Soviet Union.

true, Today few people know and, especially, remember, that the troops were withdrawn, not only through the Uzbek town of Termez (bridge in Elounda), but also through Kushka on Tajik border, where the press is not invited. And then actually three years our military, mainly pilots and technicians, We were in Afghanistan. But that's another story.

decades, and only 2010 g. presidential decree amended the legislation, pridavshie 15 February an official Day of Remembrance of the Russians, performing official duties outside of the Motherland. I think, it is right. The Afghan war has become the longest in the history of the USSR - it lasted more than nine years (from December 1979 to February 1989 city). Most mass after the Great Patriotic War - on one data, through its crucible was about 600 thousand. human, on the other - one million, including 525,5 thousand. soldiers and officers of the Soviet Army, 95 thousand. soldiers and officers of the KGB and the state security of frontier troops, Interior Ministry and the police internal troops. And also - about 21 thousand. civil servants.

But unlike other wars of the Russian State, most of which was covered with glory, this war almost originally began to sling mud, bring shame, expose participants ostracized.

And for the most part in their own country. Soviet soldiers put almost occupiers, invaders, dushivshimi free the Afghan people. I remember, both in the military enlistment offices, hospitals and clinics, social security, and other state institutions of the USSR, who have been called to take care of people, returning from the Afghan war, the soldiers responded: "I (we) You did not send back (-whether)». And bitter tears in the eyes of those, who faced the enemy, He did not waver, honestly fulfilled the duty of a soldier, and now he could not overcome the bureaucratic machine of their state.

And if you talk about any war at all difficult, something about Afghanistan - especially. For the Soviet people it remains always semi-secret war, and even now, not all of its pages are open. And in the years, when there was a kind of war, journalists what is happening in Afghanistan is ordered to show only as an aid to the Soviet soldiers locals, let us say, land reclamation and planting of dryland, construction of schools, roads and other civilian targets ... At the same time the media, primarily military, reported, that our soldiers went to the mountains for the next tactical exercises and successfully solved all the training and combat tasks, defeating the imaginary enemy. And this terrible mixture of truth and falsehood was presented under the noble slogan of performing international duty, well known for the events in Czechoslovakia 1968 city, when, properly, and this concept was born.

However, military transport aircraft regularly delivered "cargo 200" from Afghanistan, and simply put, the coffins of dead soldiers. People no longer believe the official information and for the most part began to focus on the sources of the "OBS" ("One woman said") Yes eyewitness. If a total ban on any mention in the media about the Afghan war, these finds semblance of reliability messages transmitted by word of mouth and so overgrown with fantastic details, whereby mostly dark, that could only be given to the divine folly of party and government organs, a ban on the "military secrets", long known all over the world.

In this confusion in the souls were added various foreign "voices". They round the clock to convince our people that, what, breakwater, "The Soviet Union has committed aggression and killing innocent Afghans, who do not want to live under socialism ", but we did not say anything about the atrocities of the Mujahideen (jihad fighters), on the supply of American arms to them, of militants training camps and much more, which contributed to the escalation of the war.

The coming to power of Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union with its policy of "glasnost", changes in foreign policy only slightly lifted the veil of truth over Afghan war, but allowed the so-called advocates of democratic change switch to direct accusations of Soviet military.

One of the most prominent opponents of the Afghan war was Andrei Sakharov. Speaking at the Congress of People's Deputies in 1989 city, after the withdrawal of Soviet troops, he declared: "The whole war in Afghanistan was a criminal… unknown, who is responsible for this great crime of our homeland. This crime cost the lives of almost one million Afghans. Against the whole nation conducted a war of extermination. It `s that, that rests upon us a terrible sin ". Today, with good reason, it can be argued, Academician Sakharov lied: no "war of annihilation" The Soviet Union did not lead, Unlike, for example, US, who during the Korean and Vietnam wars, they were used against civilians and "carpet" bombing, and chemical weapons as a deadly mix defoliants and herbicides (Agent Orange), and mass executions. It is with supply A. Sakharov still walk "horror stories" about the shooting of Soviet helicopter pilots own soldiers, so that they do not fall (did not give up) in captivity.

The decision of the Congress, it was noted, that the decision to send troops to Afghanistan "deserves moral and political condemnation". Such evaluation and dominated in the society in the nineties. The war in Afghanistan was seen as pointless and even criminal adventure, and its participants have been allotted in the best case, the role of victims, and often civilians killers.

But with the revival of common sense in Russia, especially after the events in Syria and the Crimean, more and more people are beginning to understand, that one of the M crimes. Gorbachev and his followers began to withdraw troops from Afghanistan, which initiated the criminal chain of unjustified and hasty, similar to the flight, withdrawal of Soviet troops from European socialist countries: ÇSSR (1991 city), Hungary (1991 city), Poland (1993 city) and 1994 g. GDR (based on an agreement with the USSR, the United States, United Kingdom, France, West and East Germany from 12.09.1990 city). In fact, Gorbachev, capitulated on key strategic areas, ruined thereby Armed Forces, and weakened the Soviet Union collapsed.

And that relates directly to Afghanistan, the Soviet Union here (respectively, and Russia) voluntarily gave strategic enemy geopolitically significant territory - Asia Center. A NATO with the US 2001 g. it took, and is unlikely to leave soon, equipping is possible springboard for an invasion of Iran, China, India, Russia. With all the high-profile Washington's statements, that soon US troops liberate Afghanistan from his presence, Americans will never leave out on their own, this has not observed them. Afghans, by the way, are waiting, when NATO invaders led by the United States leave their country.

Sir Roderick Braithwaite, former British ambassador to Moscow (1988-1992 gg.), Prime Minister's adviser, chairman of the Joint Information Services Committee (intelligence service), author of several books about Russia, including the bestseller "The Afghan: Russian in the war ", in one of his interviews he said:

"I was in Afghanistan. And there is the question asked: when you are better off - today or Russian? Interesting, that all Afghans, even the very formulation of the question was considered stupid. Each of them answered: “Of course, it was better at Russian ""…

And further,: "In Herat, I had a meeting with an old man, who nine years fought against your, then he fought against the Taliban, and now, I suspect, fighting against the Americans. He also said, that it was better when shuravi. I asked: "But is not Russian were more violent, than Americans?" - "Not at all, - he said,. - They were honest soldiers, They fight us face to face. And the Americans fear, they are killing our children and women with bombs from the sky ".

With all, as the saying goes, respect, I can not think of Sir Braithwaite another Russian, the more objective evaluation of the current sound of the Afghan war and the former shuravi (Soviet), which he brought to us. And another statement, which happened once read in the publication "Asia-Plus", forced to recall the case, very indicative of the relationship Afghan and Soviet soldiers. 41-year-old Kabul resident Usman Niaz, said correspondent: "When they came to the Soviet troops, among us, then still be boys Mujahid and fight against shuravi considered a noble and honorable thing. In our view the reason and the beginning of the war became the Soviet Union, the main enemy was the Soviet Union ... "

These boys, our soldiers and officers called "bacha", which means "boy". Dirty, ragged, hungry, they often graze goats in the mountains. And it was hard to think first, it is not only the shepherds, but scouts. often surprised: It had only to move from column, like spooks instantly learned about the movements shuravi. It turned, every bacha have a pocket mirror or a splinter, solar "bunny" from which they transmit signals to Russian actions: one second, from the top to the top, and so on until the unit dushmans lurking somewhere in the mountains, which quickly ambush in places, where he did not expect ...

And in one of the villages of our column had brought flour, as one would say today,, humanitarian aid. For older convoy approached bacha, who asked to be taken a little flour to his grandfather, who lived a little higher in the mountains. There, on a small plateau I could see another couple of stacked stone houses. It led to wide enough for a truck trail. The distance was a kilometer, no more.

They are thrown into the back of a few bags of flour and drove: two soldiers, including the driver, and Sgt.. The kid ran ahead, such as a road show. quickly got. One of our fighter climbed into the truck and, once I took the bag, from above machine-gun fire slammed. The soldier threw himself down on the breast meal, Blood flowed on the bag. Well, We hit the concentrated fire of the place, which flashed muzzle flashes. More there is not fired.

Bags unloaded directly on the ground. The old Afghan man took a handful of red blood flour, I wrapped in a cloth and put it on his chest. And next, He told me later the commander of the convoy Ensign Artamonov, стоял пацаненок и молча плакал…

Недавно в газете «АиФ» прочитал сообщение спецкора из Афганистана, в котором русский журналист рассказывал, как некий 55-летний Ашраф, in the '80s who fought against the Soviet Union on the side of the field commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, now he says: "Why I fought against the Russian? for nothing! They built the road here, bridges, hospital, school! I'm a fool. Now, my country belongs to Americans, who just robbed her ". thought: Is not this bacha?..

Now the former "jihadis" clutching his head: зачем они своими же руками вогнали промышленно развитое государство в каменный век! В периоде «советской власти» было много плохого, но хватало и хорошего. Афганцы продолжают это помнить, хотя их и пытаются заставить забыть.

Приходится напоминать, что в целом на территории Афганистана при поддержке СССР было построено около 150 экономических объектов —автодороги, Company, хлебозаводы, hydroelectric power plants, — активно развивалась энергетическая и другие отрасли.

Сейчас три четверти этих объектов разрушено. Two years ago, Afghanistan even appealed to Russia for help in their recovery. Note, that at one time the Soviet Union invested a lot of money in the allied countries' economies, к которым относился и Афганистан, который называли «подбрюшьем Советского Союза». AT 2006 g. Россия реструктурировала афганский долг еще советских времен в 11 billion dollars. Experts say, у Кабула просто нет денег. Взамен Афганистан обязался поддерживать экономические отношения с российскими компаниями. Однако с тех пор сотрудничество между двумя государствами теснее не стало, и афганская экономика пребывает в удручающем состоянии. Бедность населения, безработица достигли чудовищных масштабов, and, by the way, 75% нелегалов прибывают в ЕС именно из Афганистана.

For many years it was thought, что на протяжении 10 years of Soviet soldiers fought exclusively with the Afghan mujahedin, with a maximum of popular resistance forces, poorly armed and uncoordinated. На деле же Афганистан стал очередной площадкой для противостояния двух мировых супердержав — США и СССР, как до того — Корея и Вьетнам. Во время афганской кампании США запустили тайную программу «Циклон», in which "moderate Afghan opposition" has received billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of units of modern weapons. (Very similar to Syria.)

В ходе Афганской войны были зафиксированы многочисленные случаи присутствия на территории ДРА граждан стран НАТО и Пакистана, их участия в боевых действиях против правительственной армии и советских войск.

По данным экспертов министерства обороны США, ЦРУ поставило моджахедам 1000 ракет «Стингер», из которых в ходе афганской войны было израсходовано около 350. В то же время наши потери в авиации составили 118 aircraft and 333 helicopter. Also in 1983 g. представитель госдепартамента США официально признал факт оказания военной помощи моджахедам. Is it any wonder, что за девять с лишним лет войны в Афганистане нашими войсками было проведено почти 420 operations? Причем большинство из них носили крупномасштабный характер.

Было проведено также более 200 частных операций и рейдов по уничтожению отрядов оппозиции, устройству засад на караванных путях, разведке сил и средств противника, оказанию помощи своим подразделениям, попавшим в окружение. Моджахедам до начала вывода ОКСВА в мае 1988 g. ни разу не удалось провести ни одной крупной операции, ни занять хотя бы одного крупного населенного пункта. Но правда также и в том, что в этой самой длинной интернациональной войне погибло, according to some, more 15 000 Soviet soldiers, about 54 thousand. it was wounded.

Naturally, периодически возникает вопрос о том, насколько неизбежным был ввод войск в Афганистан. Alas, он как не имел однозначного ответа тогда, так не имеет и по сей день. I remember, когда в Туркестанском военном округе объявили частичную мобилизацию и начали готовить войска к вводу в Афганистан, кто-то из присутствовавших в Термезе корреспондентов задал вопрос находившемуся там первому заместителю начальника Генерального штаба генералу армии С.Ф. Ахромееву: «Насколько вы считаете оправданным ввод советских войск в Афганистан

Он ответил так: «Если бы мы не пришли в Афганистан, то пришли бы американцы». Тогда некоторые европейские и американские СМИ подняли на смех генерала-фронтовика: they say, разве может кому-нибудь в Вашингтоне прийти в голову воевать в Афганистане? Но кто там находится сейчас?..

Актуальными остаются и те оценки, that, как сообщало «Столетие», дал несколько лет тому назад генерал армии Николай Ковалев (директор ФСБ в 1996 —1998.гг.): «Афганистан рассматривался НАТО как площадка для размещения ядерного стратегического вооружения – баллистических ракет средней дальности «Першинг» и «Томагавк». Параллельно этому в Западной Европе было принято решение в государствах-членах НАТО установить аналогичное оружие нападения. Тем самым наша страна бралась в ядерные клещи, и с Востока, и с Запада. Какая самодостаточная мировая держава потерпит подобный ядерный нажим, геополитический шантаж? And than, имелись радиоперехваты, они свидетельствовали о подготовке США десанта для высадки на территорию Афганистана. По времени операция была привязана к наступлению сил исламской оппозиции на Кабул. Десант должен был вылететь с американских кораблей в Средиземном море. Но об этом стало известно советской разведке и командованию. По оценкам некоторых историков, мы буквально на несколько часов опередили американское вторжение».

And when 15 February 1989 g. официально закончился вывод советских войск из Афганистана, то в тот же день глава отделения ЦРУ в Исламабаде телеграфировал в США: «Мы победили». Плоды «побед» американцев в Афганистане известны: это «Аль-Каида» (banned in Russia), "Taliban" (banned in Russia), небывалый рост терроризма на Ближнем и Среднем Востоке и, в конечно итоге, создание ИГИЛ/ИГ (It banned in Russia).

Fortunately, оценка академика Сахарова, поддержанная съездом народных депутатов в 1989 city, давно уже не является определяющей в российском обществе. Государственная дума РФ даже может принять документ, в котором будет пересмотрена оценка участия советских войск в конфликте в Афганистане 1979-1989 gg. But, from my point of view, здесь требуется комплексная «перезагрузка» всего общественного сознания, starting out, first of all, с «верхов». Давно не мешало бы пересмотреть отношение к военно-стратегической операции «Дунай» (1968 city, ÇSSR), статусу ее участников, а также к другим, пока официально не признанным военным конфликтам, в которых наши воины (и гражданские специалисты), выполняя интернациональный долго, защищали дальние подступы к Отечеству.

Кто пренебрежительно относится к своим солдатам, тот получит войну в своем доме, в лучшем случае — на его пороге. Это истина подтверждена, Alas, неоднократно и в России: Budennovsk, «Норд-Ост» и Беслан, две Чеченских и Дагестанская войны, война в Таджикистане.

Было бы преступным забыть об этих трагедиях, ставших национальными. И сегодня всем, кто критикует ввод советских войск в Афганистан, хорошо бы задуматься над тем, где лучше бить врага — на своей территории, taking heavy losses, когда школы и больницы захватывают банды подонков и религиозных фанатиков, или в их логове, на их земле, с минимальными потерями, и не давая при этом усилиться стратегическим противникам? I think, самый впечатляющий ответ дают нам сирийские события.

Сирия сегодня тоже в одном ряду с Афганом. Мы ведь, вспоминая о прошлом, думаем о будущем Родины. И кто хоть однажды побывал под пулями, почувствовал, как дрожит земля от разрыва снаряда, тот никогда не забудет о своем Отечестве. Так пусть хотя бы раз в год, в День воина-интернационалиста, Россия говорит всем своим ветеранам-интернационалистам — и признанным, и пока отвергнутым, that everything was not in vain. Не зря ведь, true?..

Валерий Панов

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