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Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

In our publications we wrote a lot of artillery systems, who covered themselves with glory in the Great Patriotic fields. On systems, that some of our readers will remember, seen or worked with them. But there is in our archives copies of such systems, that few people have heard, and even fewer of those, who saw them «jivyom».

Today, our heroine - 210-mm special gun power Br-17. rifle, that really made much the defense of Leningrad. rifle, which helps our parts to crack the German fortifications in Königsberg.

Few can boast «familiarity» with this system. It's really a tool, pieces. There were in the Red Army 9 such systems. Suffice it to say, that in the artillery regiment of the special power was only 2 such guns! complement their 6 pieces 152 mm cannon Br 2. Total four special power shelf to the entire army!

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

so, artillery system Br-17 is designed to combat long-term field fortifications and enemy. The importance of developing such tools for the Soviet Union can be summarized in two words - Stalin's order!

It means, that the gun was created in a carte blanche for designers and engineers. Designer General could invite any other designer of KB, use any power plants, use polygons and test facilities of any organizations. CB worked in two shifts. Practically non-stop.

But it also meant another. Failure to comply with the order of Stalin meant familiarity not only with the NKVD, but also, quite possible, with executioners. This applies not only to the General Designer, but to the entire staff of KB.

Let's start from afar. We have already said more than once, In mid-30s the Red Army Command concluded, that those tools, which have been in service, outdated. It was necessary to re-modern samples. During the discussion, it was decided to use the foreign experience of designing such systems.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

In summer 1937 year on company plant «Damage» Czechoslovakia was sent to the Commission and representatives of the Red Army military engineers for negotiations on a new duplex, 210-mm guns and 305-mm howitzer. The Commission is composed of Professor and Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov, who led a whole group of designers of the plant №221. That this plant was entrusted to organize the production of duplexes in the Soviet Union.

Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov, Lieutenant-General engineering services, outstanding designer of artillery systems. One of the founders of the Soviet artillery, large and extra power.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

Was born in 1899 year in Bryansk, in the family of a shoemaker. AT 1918 he entered the Petrograd military-technical Artillery School. During his studies, twice I went to the front. AT 1922 he entered the St. Petersburg's Artillery Academy. AT 1928 the young military engineer aims to plant №7. In 1929 he transferred to the plant «Bolshevik» (Obukhov plant).

FROM 1932 Year-head of the department of design artillery systems Artillery Academy. Dzerzhinsky. In parallel runs the same department at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute.

AT 1937 he was appointed Chief Designer Plant «Bolshevik». The next two years of life I.I. Ivanov marked first order of Lenin. For significant contribution to the equipment of the Army and the Navy with new types of weapons. Military engineer Ivanov takes more power systems!

19 Martha 1939 , the Military Engineer of rank 1 Professor Ivanov was appointed chief designer of OKB-221 (special Design Bureau) Stalingrad plant «barricades» (plant №221).

But let us return to our heroine.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

Soviet Commission did not agree with the proposed «Skoda» duplex options. The company has refined the design based on customer requirements. Trunks guns and howitzers got free liners. Wedges have changed on the piston, loading was kartuznym.

According to the agreement D / 7782 from 6 April 1938 city, Narkomvneshtorg signed with the company "Skoda", the latter undertook to produce USSR one prototype 210 mm gun and 305-mm howitzer ammunition with Components and Accessories. Completion date of prototypes has been installed 1 December 1939 g.

Besides prototypes have sets of working drawings were to be transferred and other documentation for the manufacture of these artillery systems. The total value of the order was 2 375 000 dollars (about 68 million. KRONE).

Besides, company "Skoda" supplied (under another agreement with industry) Three sets of forging the stem and the gate to 305 mm howitzer in block I 1939 years and six sets of barrel and bolt for forgings 210- mm guns in half I 1939 of the year (one set ezhemesyachno), as well as a ready tool in a month after its introduction into production at Skoda factory.

The first batch of drawings trunks with gates and forgings has been obtained from the company Skoda in August 1938 g. In principle, the Soviet Union further actions are understandable. there are records, have samples, have a license. It remains to start the tools release. However, all was not so simple.

The Soviet Union was already «own way», including in the production of. We went just this, own way. The whole world, in a similar situation, changing the production process for new product. We are changing the product to an existing production process.

Protocol of 15 September 1939 city, approved by the People's Commissar of the arms and the head of the Red Army AU, it was decided to make some changes in the company's drawings, including details of the simplified, replaced in some places by casting forging, reduce consumption of bronze, go to the OST, etc..

Major changes №221 plant:

1.Trunk "Skoda" consisted of a monoblock, coupling, a support ring and liner. The trunk of the plant number 221 It consisted of monobloc barrel, breech with the sleeve and liner.

Leiner "Skoda" cylindrical, and plant number 221 - cone with projections from the official government end. Diametrical clearance between the liner and with monoblock 0,1-0,2 mm proved to 0,25 mm (constant). Tensile elastic liner raised to 80 kg / mm2.

2.The trigger mechanism Škoda has been replaced by trigger mechanism howitzer B-4. Besides, It was simplified shutter frame.

3.A number of changes in carts. They put a gun to the domestic wheel.

Decree number KO 142 June I 1939 g. factory number 221 I had to pass 1 April 1940 g. three 210-mm guns and three 305-mm gaubitsы. Despite the seizure of Czechoslovakia by Germany, deliveries in the USSR continued, albeit with some lag from the schedule.

Factory tests were carried out in Slovakia in the presence of the Soviet selection committee and chaired. AND. Ivanova. Factory testing of 210-mm guns were completed 20 November 1939 city, and 305 mm howitzer - 22 December 1939 g.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

The results of production tests of 210-mm guns:

a) Cannon unstable for full firing charge at elevations up to + 20 °.
b) armament time - 1 time 45 minutes, and disarmament - 1 time 20 minutes.
at) The transit time of traveling to combat and back - about two hours.

Factory «barricades» He continued to upgrade your weapons. Modernization was carried out it is not even on the manufacturers request. Simply replacing a single piece led to problems with other. In this way, we can speak of a complete system upgrade. leadership «barricades» big risk on their own changing system design. But, Winners are not judged. Stalin's order has been executed, so, won.

Prototype 210th guns Br-17, introduced in the field tests in August 1940 city, that is, 2 (!) years after the Czech documentation. The gun had a barrel length 49,60 calibres, rifled part of the barrel length was 37,29 calibres. In the barrel were performed 64 rifling constant slope. The gate was a piston obturator.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

Mass barrel with the shutter was 12 640 kg. The barrel is mounted in a cradle type oboymennogo. When fired, he rolled away in the cradle with the cylinder recoil devices - located reconciliation barrel hydropneumatic recuperator and mounted under the barrel of the hydraulic recoil brake.

Machine gun riveted, coupled with a rotating part of the foundation bolts. Sighting instruments vertical performed manually by the lifting mechanism, equipped with two toothed sectors. Guidance carried out in a range of angles from 0 ° to + 50 °. The system remains stable when firing with elevation angles exceeding 20 °.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

Rotatable base portion gun Br-17 to facilitate horizontal guidance relied on balls. Under the action of the rotary mechanism, mounted on the machine with a rotating part of the foundation, the latter rotates on a ball bearing through a fundamental linkage gear rotating mechanism with a ring gear, attached to the fixed portion of the base.

Rotating mechanism with hand-operated tools provide guidance in the horizontal plane in the sector of ± 45 °. When transferring the support and toe supports vomerine available circular firing.

The role of military pin fulfilled lower cam ring, attached to the fixed part and covered by upper shoulder circumferential support ring, riveted to the rotatable portion of the base. The fixed portion of the base is omitted in the firing position into the excavation in the ground, wherein the pre-pit is coated with special gons and bars. Like turning, and a fixed portion of the base riveted.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

The fixed portion of the base was on all four corners of the supporting frame divorcing. End of the support screws with ball pyatami relied on the coulter support, associate with precast soil openers, and support feet.

screws (jacks) at the ends of the support yokes gun Br-17 were used to create additional pressure on the gun support feet and the coulter support to partially unload the bottom of the base. Firing of the gun was conducted using the sight line of sight with the independent.

When firing the full charge muzzle velocity of F-643 was 800 m / s. Range of fire reached 30 360 m. 210-mm explosive projectile on sandy soil did funnel depth of 1.5-2 m and a diameter of 5-5.5 m. 210-betonoboynymi mm projectile at rates at an initial speed 555 m / s 2.5-meter directs concrete wall, and an initial speed 358 m / s at an angle of 60 ° past the concrete wall thickness 2 m.

Loading the gun was produced with the help of a special device, consisting of the following devices:
a) oblique track, fortified on the rotary system suit;
b) supply carriage, moved on rails by a cable and winch;
at) trolleys for shells.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

The very process of loading was carried out as follows:. Shell manually loaded onto a special truck slug. Then the truck drove to the top of the track and the projectile ammunition reloaded onto the carriage. carriage pulling up with a projectile up to the breech of the gun is carried out using a hand winch, mounted on a gun carriage farm.

After bringing the swinging portion to a position for loading (angle of + 8 °) Manual effort 6-8 rooms with a punch carried projectile dosylka. The charges were brought by hand and also shall be sent to the punch.

Mass gun in firing position was 44 000 kg. When translating the gun from the firing position to the stowed it is broken down into three main parts:

1. The base, together with the supporting openers (wagon №1 ).
2. The machine, with cradles, ski lift and recoil device (wagon №2).
3. The barrel with the bolt (wagon №3).

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

For transportation to campaign full-volume parts of the system (Ammunition capacity except for 3 carriages), and spares, for each gun were attached to a three-ton vehicle to transport the excavation and lining of an engineering tool, and four three-ton trailer to transport the rest of the property. Carts with pieces of guns and trailers towed by caterpillar tractors «Voroshilovets» and «Komintyern», Maximum speed was VOZKO 30 km / h.

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

It remains to combine the performance characteristics of the system in table:

Caliber, mm - 210
barrel length, calibers - 49.6
The highest elevation angle, town - 50
angle of declination, town - 0
Horizontal angle of fire, town - 90
Weight in firing position, kg - 44 000
explosive projectile Weight, kg - 135
The initial velocity of the projectile, MS - 800
Most firing range, m - 30 360
rate - 1 shot at 2 minutes
Calculation, persons - 20-26

According to the memoirs of soldiers, who saw combat work of these artillery systems, such admiration and respect did not cause any one gun. Power and beauty. there are memories, such that in the assault weapon Konigsberg been found in 800(!) meters from the line of contact!

Artillery, large caliber: 210-mm gun BR-17, sample 1939 of the year

However, in 1945, the history of this artillery system is not over. Suffice it to say, what in 1952 , all Br-17 210-mm guns were repaired at the factory «barricades». 9 guns, the last war again embarked on active service in the Soviet Army.

By "Skoda" after the war, a new generation of high-explosive shells were developed for guns. But the widespread emergence of missile technology is still sent gun-deserved rest. And in the 60s, they were removed from the armed forces. Part sent for storage, part recycled.

To date, remained in stock 3 guns, which are on exposure museums:

SG-17 № 1 - Upper Pyshma (UMMC Museum of military equipment). To 2012 located on the territory of 39th arsenal Grau in Perm.
SG-17 № 4 - St. Petersburg (Museum of artillery).
SG-17 № 2 - Moscow (Central Museum of the Russian Army).

A source

                          
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