In the mid-1930s. tens of thousands of pilots flying clubs produced annually, students on double training aircraft U-2 and UT-2. To improve the skills of pilots and the quality of flight training required more agility and speed single machine. Such training aircraft, known as UT-1 (AIR-14), It was built in 1936 g. in EDO AS. Yakovlev. In its simplicity in operation aircraft UT-1 was close to UT-2, Besides, they were common engines, which contributed to the rapidity of its development.
But structurally the UT-1 was significantly different from the UT-2. Traditional fuselage truss structure is made from welded mild steel pipe. This decision was not chosen by chance: it provided a high strength aircraft with minimum weight. For the same reasons tselnoderevyannaya wing had no connectors in scope and podstykovyvalos to the bottom of the fuselage on the farm four bolts. This type of wing then went to the Yak-1 fighter. The rest - on the design of the chassis, feathers, management, mounting a motor, etc.. - UT-1 and UT-2 had a lot in common. Plane scripting radial engine air cooling capacity of M-11 100 HP.
Factory flight tests began in 1936 city, they conducted the test pilot YI. Piontkovsky. To check the chassis with rubber cushioning plastic Pilot Piontkovsky performed in one day 300 landings, and then - a thousand landings for a few days. Then the aircraft was transferred to the state tests. Flight data were good, although the aircraft was strict in piloting, but it did not bother military, as he served for the training of pilots on more stringent-16 fighter. Retesting modified aircraft engine M-11D were successful, and launched into a series of two plants. In the Air Force Institute report noted the excellent maneuverability, good performance figures and ease of maintenance.
UT-1 aircraft commercially produced for several years, all were released more 1200 machines. Successful car design served as the basis for many variations and modifications. The main drawback of the initial version of the aircraft was volatility in certain flight conditions. Subsequently drawback was eliminated shifting the center of gravity forward by extending the motor mount. Airplanes used for training fighter pilots. For practicing shooting skills in the air aircraft guns were installed ShKAS. During the war, the UT-1 has been successfully used in combat to destroy air and ground targets. UT-1 with the experimental wing were tested in flight characteristics of the aircraft dynamics at high angles of attack. Six world records were established on the aircraft speed, distance and height. In October 1937 g. pilot DN. Fedoseyev performed the record flight from Moscow - Ufa range 1174,8 km.
spring 1937 g. held at Tushino airfield aviation and sports festival, which demonstrated new aircraft. After a holiday as well, how in 1935 city, it was decided to organize a competition to identify the best aircraft. Air race decided to hold on the route Moscow - Sevastopol - Moscow. By the start it was prepared 19 aircraft of various designers. The airfield to conduct pilots secretary of the Komsomol arrived AV. Kosarev, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense for aviation YA.I. Alksnis. 24 July 1937 g. on a predetermined order of the draw planes took off. Launched last pilot V.P.Dymov on UT-1 jet engine M-11E has won half of the route, and then the race. The Central Committee of the Young Communist League Cup was awarded to the pilot VP. Dymov as the absolute champion.
Performance characteristics UT-1
– developer: Yakovlev
– First flight: 31 May 1936 year
– End of operation: the end of the 1940s
– units produced: 1256
UT-1 crew
– 1 pilot
Dimensions UT-1
– Length: 5,75 m
– Wingspan: 7,30 m
– Height: 2,34 m
– wing area: 9,58 m²
Weight UT-1
– Maximum takeoff weight: 597,5 kg
UT-1 Engine
– 1 × piston, stellated, air cooling 11E-M or M-11
– engine power: 1 × 150 or 100 l. from.
Range UT-1 Flight
– 670 km
Practical ceiling UT-1
– 7120 m
Armament UT-1
– Small-pushechnoe: 2 × 7,62-mm ShKAS (450 rounds)
– rockets: 4 x Nursi
Photo UT-1
