OKB AS. Yakovlev beginning of work on the first jet fighter Yak-15 1945 g. According to the Resolution of the GKO 9 April 1945 city, EDO tasked to design, build and pass tests on the fighter with the engine Jumo-004. Seeking both can do the job faster, We decided to create it on the basis of field-proven Yak-3. Preserving its layout, turbojet installed in place of the piston, fore, a bottom nozzle taken out in the middle part of the fuselage.
As Ystrebytel 15 – video
So first appeared Reda scheme in Soviet practice. Of course, Such a scheme has led to some deterioration of the overall aerodynamics of the car, but given the huge gain in time. The bureau project received the designation Yak-Jumo. AS. Yakovlev was well aware of the importance of the problem and the possible degree of responsibility in case of failure. Work on an experienced Yak-Jumo conducted rapidly. Aircraft metal construction, with maximum use of components and assemblies serial Yak-3. At the bottom of the fuselage, over engine nozzle, fastened easily removable heat shield.
In October 1945 g. new Yak-Jumo (Yak-15 designation he received later) was built, it was planned before the end of the year to start its flight tests. But at the first ground tests revealed a powerplant superheat lower fuselage from the engine exhaust jet, and burned tail wheel. December 1945 g. built a second car, stabilizer differs increased area, steel tail wheel and the presence of weapons.
On the day, assigned to the first flight, The Yak-15 was in full readiness to LII airfield in the morning. But with KP reported: in the first half of the day there is a ban on flights, in connection with the aircraft flight, preparing for May Day parade. Nearby on the plane was the designer of the MiG-9 AI. Mikoyan and also expect a solution in the first flight. When AI. Mikoyan learned to ban, he personally called the commander of the air force of the Moscow Military District and asked, as an exception, to make the first flight of its aircraft. he was allowed, and MiG-9 made its first flight, becoming the first jet in the USSR. Two hours later, I took off and Yak-15, piloted by test pilot MI. Ivanov. It was 24 April 1946 g. Factory tests were completed in July 1946 city, and a month later the pilot MI. Ivanov makes fighter air parade Tushino.
After that feast on the personal instructions IV. Stalin had to build 15 Yak-15 to 7 November. 12 September 1946 g. Tbilisi plant was given the task to build 15 aircraft and deliver them to Moscow. And to do it for 55 days. By early November, all 15 fighters overflew test pilots, but air parade was not held due to weather.
Passed state tests the aircraft revealed some shortcomings. So, because the metal tail wheel vibrate rudder, gas jet destroyed the surface of the airfield, takeoff concrete chippings and stones damaged the stabilizer and GD. Finally, the Act on the results of state tests was noted: "Yak-15 satisfies the requirements of the Air Force for training jet fighter". The aircraft I-15 to become the first Soviet jet, formally adopted by the Air Force, and first fighter, where military pilots mastered aerobatics. Serial production of the Yak-15 was completed in 1947 g. release 280 machines. One copy of the Yak-15 is now kept in the museum of JSC "OKB AS. Yakovlev ".
Tactical-technical characteristics of the Yak-15
– First flight: 24 April 1946 of the year
– Getting Started: 1947 year
– End of operation: at the beginning 1950 years
– years of production: 1946 — 1947
– units produced: 280
As the 15 crew
– 1 human
The dimensions of the Yak-15
– Length: 8,7 m
– Wingspan: 9,2 m
– Height: 2,27 m
– wing area: 14,85 m²
– Wing loading: 184 kg / m
As Wes-15
– empty weight: 1852 kg
– curb weight: 2742 kg
Engine Yak-15
– 1× various LA-10
– pull: 1× 900 kgf
– thrust-to-weight ratio: 0,36
Speed Yak-15
– Maximum speed at ground: 700 kmh
– Maximum speed at height: 786 kmh
– Cruising speed: 689 kmh
Range Yak-15 flight
– 510 km
Practical ceiling Yak-15
– 13 350 m
As Vooruzhenye 15
– gun: NS 23km 2 × 23 mm; ʙoezapas - 60 shells
Photo Yak-15
