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Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin – research ship


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

"Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" - a large research vessel, is the flagship vessels Space Research of the USSR. The ship was built at the Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad city 1971 year. Total on board the ship was 1 250 different rooms, including 86 laboratory. The ship was designed to solve the problems of communication and control with several spacecraft, and the Mission Control Center.

Research vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" – video

For these purposes, on board the ship was 75 antennas, including 2nd large antenna with a parabolic reflector with a diameter of 25 m. Area of ​​operation of the ship was the Atlantic Ocean, he could be in the autonomous navigation for 130 day.
Research ship (NIS) "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" (project 1909) It was established on the basis of the tanker, etc.. 1552 and is the largest and most advanced technical equipment of an expedition ship in the world. In the Court of the USSR, who participated in space exploration, They constitute a special class of ocean-going ships. These vessels had quite an unusual appearance, otlichaya from other ships its equipment, architectural appearance, which special conditions.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

Perhaps, the most characteristic feature of all foreign vessels space services were sufficiently powerful design electronic equipment and antenna systems. It is these objects to engage the focus. On the ship, there were 2 antenna diameter 25 m, their weight is reached 240 tonnes, and 2 antenna diameter 12 m, their weight was 180 tonnes. There were on the ship about 75 different antennas. From the ship it was possible to independently control the flight of space objects.
To improve the nautical characteristics of the ship it was mounted passive damper, through the use of which the amplitude when rolling of the seven-point conditions in rough seas decreased from 10 to 3 degrees. To facilitate the control of the ship during a mooring or drift (without interrupting the communication session) it was installed thrusters - wing propellers: 2 nose and 1 aft. These devices are located within the housing in the transversal through-channels, located below the waterline level. Thruster actuated by using electric.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

The ship's hull in length was divided into 8 compartments, are divided by watertight bulkheads, and the height at 11 tiers, are formed decks and platforms. At the bottom it was located a double bottom, after which they were lower, middle and upper platform. On these 4 tiers boiler tanks and diesel fuel were provided, kladovыe, ballast tanks, Fresh water tanks, number of laboratories. In the second compartment (starting from the nose of the ship) 2 tiers have been reserved for the accommodation of the sports hall, above it kinolektsionny room was located on the upper platform. The seventh compartment was shipboard power, and it was located in the eighth engine and boiler room. The upper platform of the ship and all subsequent tiers were located above the waterline. hull was equipped with special ice-strengthened.
On the upper deck of the ship were crew cabins and members of scientific expeditions, laboratory, table. Part of the upper deck was open along both sides. We were even higher 2 tier superstructure - the first tier deck and open deck, which stretched for most of the length of the ship. Tiers of the ship have been incorporated into the overall system and body strength along with three platforms, upper deck, transverse and longitudinal bulkheads increased its rigidity and reduces the possibility of deformation of the housing. On the first floor were 2 holiday cabin, Laboratory and mess-crew and expedition. The first tier deck along the entire perimeter of the ship had an open gallery.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

In the open deck were barbettes 2 parabolic antennas with diameters of mirrors 25 m, they are located closer to the stern of the vessel. By Barbet mounted antenna design, distribute their weight on the transverse and longitudinal bulkheads of the hull. Above the weather deck of the ship superstructure was divided into 2 parts, bow and stern. The lower nasal bridge superstructure located, also there was a barbet one of the two 12-meter parabolic antennas. On average, the bridge was located radio room, above it, on the navigating bridge, the helmsman and chart room, and, finally, the second 12 meter parabolic antenna was located on the upper bridge site. The upper bridge was at the height of 25 meters above sea level. All tiers RV "astronaut Yuri Gagarin" were interconnected via ladders, 2-x-8 cargo and passenger elevators and.
The main part of the research vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" equipment was varied command and instrumentation, which could work simultaneously with 2 space objects. Equipment, installed on a ship, allowed to transmit commands, telemetrycheskyy control, povodit trajectory measurements, two-way telegraph and telephone communications with astronauts, reception of various kinds of scientific information. Achieving greater radio range contributed highly directional transmitting and receiving antennas, High-sensitivity with the input of parametric amplifiers and powerful transmitters, were cooled with liquid nitrogen.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

To create good conditions for doing productive work and proper recreation crew members on board the ship "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" There was a wide variety of laboratories, kinolektsionny hall, command post with all necessary equipment, a few tablespoons. A feature of the research vessel was his big autonomy. Without visiting the port and replenishment of water, food and fuel, he could be on the march 130 day. By Space Command and measuring systems are 3 parabolic antenna - second by a nose diameter of the vessel 12 meters, and the third and fourth diameter 25 m. These antennas intended for receiving and transmitting radio signals at centimeter, decimeter and meter wavelengths. Aft 25-meter antenna was-mirror, the others - two-mirror. Beamwidth antennas 25 m depending on the wavelength is in the range from 10 arcminutes (for the centimeter range) to 10 degrees (for meter range). In podzerkalnyh cabins of high frequency amplifiers have been set and input devices receivers.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

Another parabolic antenna had a significantly smaller diameter - 2,1 meter and was structurally combined with a 25-meter antenna, its main purpose was to find signals. All antennas can accompany the spacecraft on a pre-designed program or radio signals coming from them. antenna control system is normally operated at sea state up 7 points and wind speeds of up to 20 m / s. Controlled board "Yuri Gagarin" flight of spacecraft and satellites can be independently, sending them on time programs and teams. Chance was another operation - relay teams, arriving by ship from MCC. These trajectory control (radial velocity and range), and the results of telemetry exposed on the ship machined, then we went to the PCO.
In this case, as well as for telegraph and telephone conversations between the Mission Control Center and the astronauts used relay satellites. The telemetry and control radio communications with the astronauts are possible using separate telemetry and communication stations, ie in addition to the main command of the ship measuring system. In this case, we used separate communication antennas and telemetry. In total, the research vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" was 75 different antennas.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

Engine and boiler room was located in the stern. It was found 2 steam boiler, and a steam turbine. Main propulsion vessel had a high degree of automation. Also on the boat were 2 power. The first power was in a separate area of ​​the hold, and consisted of 4 diesel power generators of 1500 kW each, it was intended to supply scientific and technical expedition equipment. The second was in the power machine and the boiler room and consisted of 2 turbogenerators for power 750 kW each, operating a moving ship and 1 diesel generator power 300 kW, working in a parking mode. This power gave the rest of the current consumers of electricity in the ship. Emergency power consisted of 2 diesel generators total capacity 200 kW. In this way, the total capacity of all power sources on the ship was 8 000 kW.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

air conditioning system, available to ship, regardless of temperature overboard supported in all official, public and residential premises of the temperature 21-25 degrees Celsius. For the needs of the ventilation system, air conditioning and refrigeration used a powerful refrigeration system. Another refrigeration unit maintains the temperature conditions in the storerooms, which kept stocks of provisions. Wherein, using a special cryogenic plant from outside the ship to provide a liquid nitrogen, used for cooling parametric amplifiers.
At the time of the expedition voyages of the research vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" provides control such spacecraft, as the "Venus-8" (the world's first landing on Venus, and the transmission of information from the surface), "Moon – 20» (sampling lunar soil and subsequent delivery to Earth), "Salyut-7", "Union". Officially, the research vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" belonged to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and was serviced Black Sea Shipping Company. However, with the formation of the CIS organization's data were in different states. Because of bureaucratic confusion began frequent defaults on both sides. Black Sea Shipping Company, despite the difficult times, It is trying to save the ship, but it did not succeed.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

"Yuri Gagarin" and other research vessel "Akademik Sergey Korolev" were on the roads of the port Yuzhny without proper supervision. Gradually, from the courts laboratory equipment began to disappear, all slowly rusted and came into a state of disrepair. AT 1996 by ships already suited for scrapping. As a result, the State Property Fund of Ukraine has decided to sell the court of the Austrian company "Zuid Merkur" at the price of scrap metal, Austrians got ships for the price 170 dollars per ton. On a sad note ended the life of one of the most famous and advanced Soviet space fleet.


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

Performance characteristics "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" vessel

Displacement 45 000 tonnes
dimensions Length 231,6 m
Width 31 meter
Height 15,4 m
Draft 8,5 m
Power 19 000 Horse power
speed 18 knots
Endurance 20 000 miles
Crew 140 human

Photo vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin"


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

Antenna "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin" research ship


		Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - research ship

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