70 years ago 17 July 1945 year in the Cecilienhof palace in
Potsdam (near Berlin) opened an international conference leaders of the USSR,
US and UK (Chairman of People's Commissars of the USSR IV. Stalin, US President Mr..
Truman, British Prime Minister have. Churchill, whom 28 July replaced
the new Prime Minister to the. Attlee).
At a conference in Potsdam Stalin traveled by train, he
I wanted to see with my own eyes, how to look after our land fascist
invasions. Terrible destruction sore heart, but have been seen and traces
reconstruction. It seemed, You can now fully engage peacefully
construction. But it was not there! It began nuclear blackmail. The day of arrival
US delegation to Berlin to the United States early in the morning successfully completed the first
testing of nuclear weapons - the first atomic bomb was detonated.
21 July, acquainted with a detailed report on these
tests in Alamogordo, Truman called a meeting of top military,
stationed in Potsdam (admirals Leahy, King, Marshall generals, Arnold and
Eisenhower), to discuss only one issue - whether to use the bomb
against Japan? The response was unanimously positive.
After one of the meetings of the G. Truman, recalling Stalin
aside, informed him that, In the United States created a huge newest weapon
destructive force. To his utter dismay and astonishment, Stalin
I took the news calmly, and no expected no response. IN.
Churchill, carefully observed at the time of Stalin, I decided, that he did not "
I understand the meaning, Posts made to him ". In fact, Stalin did not show it, he understood. Mr. Marshall. TO.
Zhukov, Also located in Potsdam, recalls: "When he returned from the meeting, AND.
AT. Stalin in my presence told Molotov on a conversation with
Truman. Molotov then said: "The price currently fills". Stalin laughed:
"Let the stuffing. It will be necessary today to speak with Beria to accelerate our
work, "".
The delegation of the "Big Three" at the negotiating table on
Potsdam conference
In a short time, and the American atomic monopoly
It will be eliminated in our country. But it will be tomorrow, and until today to impose
our delegation their will at the Potsdam Conference USA and the UK are not
managed.
Central to the negotiations took German problem.
It was decided to complete disarmament and demilitarization of Germany,
Abolition of all its armed forces, SS, CA, SD and the Gestapo, the elimination of the military
industry. At the same time provided for the reconstruction of the political life
Germany on a democratic basis. The conference took place quite a few acute
debate on many issues, but in general as a result of discussions and exchange of views were
taken important and positive decisions. Disagreements have arisen during the discussion
the reparaciâh. However, the Soviet Union and the United States failed to find a compromise, at
according to which the Soviet Union received reparations from its zone of occupation
and at the expense of German investments abroad (and further 25%
industrial equipment from the Western zones). On the question of the Polish-German
the border was accepted Stalin's proposal (border Oderu - Naas), although
Churchill strongly opposed the extension of Poland to the west. To Poland
They retreated as Danzig (Gdansk) and a large part of East Prussia. Kenigsberg (from
1946 year - Kaliningrad) with an adjacent area of the USSR passed.
Serious friction arose during the discussion of a peaceful settlement with the topics
some former allies of Germany.
In Potsdam, as is known, USSR confirmed its readiness
to enter the war against Japan. US Declaration, UK and China,
adopted in Potsdam, It demanded Japan's unconditional surrender. but
Japanese Prime Minister T. Suzuki said, that his country ignores this
declaration. It gave the United States a formal occasion to use against Japan Atomic
weapon.
The leaders of the "Big Three" at the Potsdam Conference:
British Prime Minister (from 28 July) TO. Attlee , US President Mr.. Truman,
Chairman of the CPC of the USSR and chairman of T-bills of the USSR IV. Stalin
For the Soviet Union meeting of heads of three powers
the anti-Hitler coalition was of special significance. The Soviet diplomacy based
It was the same line, which the Soviet Union carried out throughout his
stories. tripartite agreements, concluded at conferences of Heads
Governments and other international fora during the joint military
of action, reflect the interests of each party. of course, Western powers and
then they had their views, both the specific problems of war, and on
the postwar. But in the conditions to continue the struggle against the common
the enemy had no alternative, except for reaching an agreed position,
acceptable to all participants in the negotiations. All this required considerable effort,
willingness to make a reasonable compromise. Of great importance was the fact, that in
US government led to the war years was a realistic thinker
politician, Roosevelt. His sober position he, unlike Churchill, repeatedly
He promoted the adoption of, in the end, reasonable solutions to the most acute
matters.
The most important political result of cooperation practices Powers
the anti-Hitler coalition was just, that many Western leaders, before
all American, demonstrated a willingness to cooperate with the Soviet
side during the war, and on an equal footing in the post-war period. In which
As I was ready for such a decisive turn of Churchill - another question. But he, So
or else, I was forced to support the most important provisions of this policy.
Marshal IV. Stalin in the palace with Tsetsilinhof
US PresidentD. Truman at the Potsdam Conference
President Roosevelt and his associates have worked
efforts, to lay the foundation for more until the end of the war and the political
Economic postwar cooperation. But the change in Washington
leadership began to turn the wheel of American policy in the other direction.
Positive decision, which ultimately it was adopted at the Potsdam
conference, It was achieved primarily thanks to the hard struggle of the Soviet
diplomacy. The new US administration has not dared to break with the then
the practice of military cooperation, apparently, because, what felt yet
absolutely confident: the new administration came to power a few months
before the Potsdam Conference.
Decisions of the Potsdam Conference had mixed
effects. One side,
It was produced by the division of spheres of influence between the USSR and the Western powers, with another -
Conference drew a line under the six-year period of the World War II. Although
anti-Hitler coalition was living his last days and denote hidden
cracks in the relationship between its members, Potsdam three powers could come
to an agreement on many issues postwar. However, further
the cooperation of these powers has given way to the "cold war". The official
report on the outcome of the meeting said, that the conference "has strengthened the link between
the three governments and extended the scope of their cooperation and understanding ". It was
stated, that the governments and peoples of the three powers, the participants of the conference "together
with other United Nations ensure the establishment of a just and lasting
the world ".
Gabriel Tsobehiya