Was-12 Seagull

Be-12 "Chaika" - anti-amphibious aircraft (flying boat). In October 1960 , the aircraft made its first flight, and with 1963 the year began to enter the Navy aviation. Created in OKB Beriev. The machine is intended for replacement Be-6. By airplane amphibious set the target hardware kit, allows you to search and fight against enemy submarines. During the operation in the Be-12 aircraft is set 46 world records.

Was-12 Seagull – video

Design

Structurally, the aircraft built by the schematic of high with a wing-type "gull", two turboprop engines AI-20D series 3 (series 4) on the wing and an auxiliary power unit TSU-AI-8 in feed. The fuselage is designed as a boat dvuhredannoy glissernogo type and tricycle landing gear with a tail wheel.

The fuselage is a structure of 10 compartments, eight of which watertight from the bottom up to a height 3,3 m. The frame consists of a boat 71 špangouta, stringer set and stressed skin. Unsinkable guaranteed in case of damage and flooding of any two compartments. Reda provide a reduction in the wetted surface of the bottom and sides of the boat. First Redan easy to change the trim angle of the boat in the run-up and access to the most favorable angle of attack. second redan, formed by a break in the bottom of the stern of the boat, It provides an output to the first redan. The bottom of the boat has a variable deadrise.

Generally, constructive improvement fuselage seaworthiness led to a marked deterioration in aerodynamic glider.

In the middle part of the fuselage, between frames № 31-43, located two cargo hold hatches - upper and lower, closing flap with the drive mechanism of hydraulic motors. The valves are pneumatic sealing hoses. On the sides of the middle part of the boat in front of the Redan, between frames № 22-26 made niches for cleaning the main landing gear.

Marine equipment

Maneuvering afloat redanom rear there is a water wheel, driven by a hydraulic unit. When flying with a land aerodrome steering wheel is locked in the neutral position.

Marine equipment is placed in the cabin of the navigator, and includes on-board winch, Admiralty type anchor weight 19 kg, with an estimated 250-300 kg holding power. Besides, there is a spare anchor rope, two sea-anchors, two folding locking hook, Line-throwing device to the end, signal flags, megaphone.

Deck hatches and anchor in front of the boat designed to perform operations navigator, associated with the production of the aircraft on the barrel (usually float - cylindrical shape, installed on the dead anchor) or anchor, with taking a boat in tow. Near the right hatch located mooring duck (bicornuate curly bracket for attaching a small diameter gear) to keep the boats, approaching to the plane.

Wing

Wing dvuhlonzheronnoe trapezoidal, decompression design. Transverse middle portion is V 20 degrees, Shell have a negative angle - 1,5 degrees.

This form allows maximum wing engines remove from the water surface and prevent flooding water at vzlotah and landings. Mechanization of the wing - flaps odnoschelevye. ailerons used with trimmers for roll control. The wing has eight compartments under the soft fuel tanks (in the center section) and two sealed-compartment tank in the middle of the caissons. On the lower surface of the wing holders disposed joist attachment points, on the left plane is set for marine container backsight bombs Omaboe. By wing consoles on pylons mounted non-retractable in flight odnoredannye floats reference type head ploskokilevatym. Floats are divided into five compartments. When the boat upright (the Rovno hernia) and a draft of less than 1,4 m between the float and the water surface remains small gap. In order to avoid burying the nose floats in water on the run and run them installed at an angle 5 city, the lower horizontal construction (tangent to the keel of the first handed to). Therefore, the trim angle of the floats are always on 5 city, more than the boat, which under normal gross weight is the stern, equal 2 city.

tail

Tailplane stabilizer comprises a transverse angle V = 5,5 degrees and elevators, and two vertical keels (keel washers), deployed right on 2 degrees to compensate for the reactive moment propellers. On top of the rudders installed anchor lights and signaling the water in the compartment.

crew cab

The crew consists of four people. The bow of the jobs are located pilots and navigator, in the middle part of the fuselage is a radio operator. To enter and exit the plane in the fore and aft of the fuselage on the right there are two doors, inward opening (which facilitates leaving the aircraft during its sinking).

Cabin was-12 Seagull

Place the navigator Be-12

View of the navigator seat nose Be-12 aircraft

Place radio operator-gunner in the tail of the aircraft Be-12

Chassis aircraft tricycle, with a tail wheel. Main landing retracted into the fuselage on the sides of the niche, tail wheel - in the second compartment for redanom. Amortization racks - gazomaslyannaya. Basic rack each have a wheel size 1450×520, tail wheel 950×350.

hydraulic It consists of main and reserve. Basic work system, intended for release and retraction, flap, wings gruzolyuka, turning the water wheel and the tail wheel is provided with two pump type 435F, installed on engines. The reserve system, intended for the primary and secondary braking wheels, and if necessary - for the cleaning and the landing gear, flap, management vodorulem, used motor-pump type 465K. Operating pressure in the system is 150 kg / cm2.

Fuel system of 12 wing and a fuselage tank, with full fuel 8600 kg kerosene T-1, T-2 or TS. two additional tanks can also be put in on gruzootseke 1980 l (1380 kg). Bucky number 3 and number 4 a caisson are consumable parts of the center section and provided with electric boost pump. The tanks supplies fuel flows from the remaining tanks gravity. Refilling aircraft performed centrally under pressure or through the upper filling mouth. There is a system of the emergency emptying of fuel in flight.

pneumatic provides emergency evacuation of the airplane, pressurisation equipment (radioblokov), opening and sealing of manhole covers and doors. With it, the navigator opens the hatch, otstoporivaetsya helm, rolled back cover pilots lantern, opens the lid of the container boats LAS-5M-3. Air supply is provided by a motor-compressor 1080A, creating pressure 150 and 55 kg / cm2.

defrost system

Socks are heated by hot air intakes, inlet guide vanes, center-socks, medium and cantilever wing parts, stabilizer, kilshayby etc.. Electric heating is installed on the cockpit and navigator glasses pilots, propeller blades, fairings bushings screws (cooks), receivers, air pressure, etc..

Fire-fighting equipment

It consists of the alarm system and automatic fire extinguishing systems (with manual activation) - for each of the engine 4 cylinder with Freon first and second queue extinguishing in the engine compartment and two balloon - quenching in the internal cavity of the engine. The compartment of the fuselage between frames 26-36 sensors installed only MTP, and fire extinguishing produces hand portable fire extinguishers. To prevent explosion of fuel tanks at lumbago and damages on the plane has a neutral gas system. Supply of carbon dioxide stored in the five cylinders.

life support system

The cabin of the aircraft is leaking. ventilation and air conditioning system adjusts the air temperature in the cockpits, Hot air is bled from the engines. When flying at an altitude of more than 4000 meters the crew uses oxygen system. Margin of oxygen gas stored in 20 cylinders type III-20. There parachute oxygen devices CP-27M in pilots, KP-23 - the radio operator and Sturman.

emergency escape and rescue system

Be-12 are equipped with two (only for pilots) ejection seats KT-1 (Ty-16). With the seats removed and installed bronespinki forced separation system from the pilot seat. Because, that Be-12 crew members nominally in marine equip CMC-3M rescue suits (Unlike TU-16, in which the use of MSCs is not provided constructive), on the chairs mounted connector associate communications URC-2. Each guest MLAS chair-boat 1 from the emergency radio R-850 and portable emergency (NAZ).

Navigator independently leaves the aircraft through a hatch, a radio operator through the front door. For all crew members on the plane there is an inflatable lifeboat LAS-5M.

Be-12H in the parking lot

Power point

AI-20D of the third series were installed on the aircraft before the number 9601504, then staged motors Series 4. Boosters are installed in pods and are attached with farms to the forward spar of the wing. lateral, front and rear covers of the engine hood in an open position providing free access to all the motor units half, and also serve as the technological platform to service the engine in airfield conditions, and on the high seas. AI-20D p.3 (and subsequent series) It has an equivalent capacity - 5180 l. from., that in total two thrust engine provides thrust-to-weight ratio of about 0,3.

The engine equipped with a fuel command unit and the propeller pitch controller, that provides a constant turbine speed 12300 rev / min and the rotational speed of the propeller 1075 rev / min, except for idling. The engine is equipped with a complex system avtoflyugirovaniya - for negative thrust, Torque, forced feathering propeller blades of vane oil pump, Alarm System feathering propeller blades compressed nitrogen, installing the blades to the intermediate abutment, Hydraulic clamp screw pitch in case of oil pressure for the screw speed regulator.

Also, aircraft engines are equipped with a propeller brake system on earth (the water), associated with the brake lever faucets.

Turbine generator set AI-8 is used to start engines and power systems on the airplane parked. It is located in the 7th fuselage compartment, air is drawn in its work space is carried out from the fuselage, in the area of ​​the input device mounted with the pneumatic valve. Engine exhaust is made through an opening in the left side of the fuselage.

Fire Be-12P-200 in Gelendzhik, 2004 year.

Part of the equipment

Power supply system - power, direct current: four starter-generator GH-1000-12TMO on engines, turbine generator set TSU-AI-8 to GS-24A generator, two batteries 12 CAM-28. Sources AC - two single-phase generator current CDF-12MO at 115V, 400 Hz. Auxiliary power sources - two converters, that can be used with the engine off. Electrical 400Hz 36V AC dynamo-electric converter has two. By plane used anywhere single-wire system - except for the tail section, where a two-wire system, to ensure the best conditions for the magnetometer.

Piloting and navigation equipment

Autopilot AP 6E, PNS "Path-1C», automatic navigation device AHP-1B-1, central speed and altitude EVC-1, central gyrovertical TSGV-5, kursovaâ system KS-4V.

radio navigation equipment

Automatic Direction Finder ARK-11, radio range navigation RSBN-2C, radio-compass ARK-U2, low altitude radio altimeter RV-PA, Equipment marker landing system SP-50, Doppler ground speed, and drift angle Diss-1.

Radiooborudovanie

The transmitter 807-P, US-radio 9DM, command VHF and UHF radio, emergency radios R-850 (P-851) and R-855U, airborne sound recording tape MC-61b, SPU.

ASW equipment

Search and sighting system PPS-12, of: Radar «Initiative-2B», ULP-sighting computing device - C-1 ("Lilac-2M"), "Baku" system (Jets SPAR-receiving device 55 with a panoramic priomoindikatorom PP-1), magnitometr APM-60 (APM-60E). For visual bombing was intended Night collimator sight NKPB-7.

Baie-12PS

Armament Be-12

The plane bears the means of finding and losing both the internal compartment, and the outer suspension. The plane can zagruzhayutsya passive omnidirectional buoys three types: RGB-N («Iva»), RGB-NM ('Chinar') and an RGB-NM-1 ("Badge"), as well as anti-submarine bombs PLAB-50 and PLAB-250-120, training bomb UPLAP-50, anti-submarine torpedo AT-1 (AT-1M), further more advanced UMGT-1 "heads".

Part of the aircraft being finalized for the use of nuclear submarine charge "Scalp", and subsequently better ammunition. Aircraft, capable of carrying nuclear weapons, are heat stabilized gruzootseke, modified electrical system and code-blocking device (preventing unauthorized use of the charge).

Exploitation

Retraining on Be-12 was carried out in stages with 1965 year 33 TsBP BBC Navy d. Nikolaev, flights performed both from the airfield Center - Kulbakino, and from the airport Ochakov and water - Lake water aerodrome. Donuzlav. learn again: 318 OPLAP Black Sea Fleet (Donuzlav), 403 OPLAP Northern Fleet (Severomorsk, aer. Vaenga-2), 122 OPLAE Pacific Fleet (Elizovo), 289 OPLAP Pacific Fleet (Nikolaevka Maritime), 49 OPLAE Baltic Fleet (Baltiysk, aer. Noytif).

modifications

Baie-12H (Products "EN") – Modification Narciss with PPS-12.

Baie-12n (article «EP») – fire modification.

Was-12n-200 – The modern version of the Be-12P.

Baie-12PS (Products "ZE") – Search and rescue option.

Baie-12SK (product "EQF") – Modification of the support of a nuclear weapon 5F-48 "Scalp".

Was-14 (product "ENP") – Modification to search, Rescue aircraft crews, wrecked on the sea, and to assist the crews of ships and vessels, terpyashtih disaster at sea (built in a single copy).

It is in service

– Russia: Naval aviation of the Russian Navy - 9 Was-12, as of 2016 year
– Ukraine: Ukrainian Naval Aviation - 2 Was-12, as of 2017 year

Performance characteristics of Be-12

The dimensions of the Be-12

– Length, m: 30,1
– Height, m: 7,4
– Wingspan, m: 30,2
– wing area, m: 99

Engines was-12

– A type: TVD AI-20D
– Power, l. from.: 2 x 5180

All Be-12

– takeoff weight, kg: 36000
– empty weight, kg: 24000
– fuel weight, kg: 9000
– Mass of payload, kg: 3000

Be-12 speed

– full speed, kmh: 550
– patrol speed, kmh: 320
– The rate of water intake, kmh: 95

BE-12 Takeoff speed

– 210 kmh

Practical ceiling Be-12

– 12100 m

Range Be-12 flight

– 4000 km

– Tactical range (while in the area 3 no), km: 600—650
– seaworthiness, points: 3

Load capacity Be-12

– The normal combat load, kg: 1500
– Overload combat load, kg: 3000

– running start, m: 1200
– run, m: 1100

Photo-12 was Seagull

Was-12n-200

Was-12n-200

Was-12n-200

Baie-12H in flight

A source