False Dmitry II
Once the crown passed to SHUISKI, unpopular in society, simultaneously announced another Lzhedmitry, actively supported by the Poles. False Dmitry II was entirely a puppet of Poland, We rely on the Polish and Lithuanian feudal lords, - I. Sapieha, A. Lisowski and other. Poles aspired to the fragmentation and submission to Russia.
Soon Cossack Ataman Zarutsky came out of Tula, who immediately saw, that before him an impostor, However, he acknowledged his "real". The emergence Zarutsky gave new impetus to the events. Sensing under the soil, False Dmitry II sent an envoy to the Tsar Vasily Shuisky with diploma, which blatantly called him a traitor, abductor throne voluntarily, and demanded to release him, Dmitry, its "rightful" place. At the same time the head of his troops, he moved to Karachi and Kozelsk, where he was waiting for the first major success: his army defeated the assembled squad and captivated the Moscow army.
But this success and at the same time frightened the impostor: he saw, in a serious business I got involved and decided to leave himself. Lzhedmitry II secretly running in Eagle, where he caught up with the leader of the letter of the Polish-Ukrainian detachment Mehovetskogo, the former in the army of the pretender. He decided to return to his army, but, seeing the confusion and vacillation, there tvoryvshyesya, False Dmitry II fled again - this time in Putivl. But to the borders of Russia were already horse Polish banners Valavsk, Rozhen, Tyszkiewicz, Khmelevskiy, Hruslinskogo, Prince Adam Vyshnevetskoho. They needed only the ghost of the king, that under the guise of "saving Russia» plunder its.
On the Putivl road riders Valavsk stumbled upon the False Dmitry II, and he accompanied the Polish banners moved to Moscow. Near Bryansk "thief" has been broken. He went to the Eagle, which began to come more and more adventurers from Poland, from the Volga and the Don, from Ukraine, from Russia. On behalf of the king of Dmitry Ivanovich across the Moscow earth were sent letters.
spring 1608 of the year, as soon dry out road, from Moscow to the impostor moved the royal army under the brother of the king, Dmitry Shuisky. Army Falsdmitry II, stood in different cities, gathered in Orel and Moscow acted towards rati. The battle took place 30 April (10 May) ten miles from Bolhova.
In Bolhovskom battle, According to Russian and Polish sources, Dmitry Shumsky, learning about the enemy's approach turned his army in order of battle five miles before the fortified camp. His actions set P. Ruzhin in a quandary, since the enemy was able to attack the army of the pretender on the march, not allowing him to turn around in battle order. Getman impostor took the only right decision. He attacked enemy stride mounted shelves P. Rutskoi and M. Veleglovskogo and unfolded under their cover core strength. At the end of the day 30 April 1608 year impostor groups created in his rear fortified camp. clashes, as stated in the sources, They were stubborn and bloody character. Advanced regiment Prince Golitsyn managed to significantly oust shelves P. Rutskoi and M. Veleglovskogo, prompting P. Ruzhin enter the fray of the main forces of his regiment and the regiment in. Valevskoho. Now the regiment Prince in. AT. Golitsyn was in a difficult situation. Government troops have suffered heavy losses.
Oath Shuiskis King Sigismund III in Warsaw, 1611 year
The first clashes showed, that government forces are conspicuously absent strong leadership: the governors of advanced and guard regiment acted at their own risk, a large regiment soldiers without proper leadership behaved passively - "accumulated in their guns". This development is badly shaken the morale of government troops.
On the night 30 on April 1 May D. Shuya decided to escape from the battle, to withdraw troops and Bolhovu, took up defensive positions on the defense line, block enemy road to Moscow. The next morning the two armies occupied the battle formations. Dmitry Shumsky pushed their advance units closer to the camp of the enemy hoping to divert his attention hassles and give the order to retreat. The first of his order has been withdrawn from the artillery positions. When driving on the Polish mind Russian troops began to move, the army decided, that the flank of the enemy go large, and started to panic. Advanced units suddenly began to depart. Defector - Boyarsky son Nikita kashiryanin Liharev - said P. Ruzhitsky, that happens in the government army. hetman realized, that it is crunch time, and, despite, that the day was drawing to an end, thrown in the main forces. government control of shelves has been lost. warriors P. Ruzhitsky chased the enemy to the spotted. Here, According to TH. Budilov and M. Marhotsky, to dump, caused a rout, killed many soldiers. Voivod T. Seitov, D. Valuev and foreigner F. Giedroyc defended two more days, but 3 May 1608 year surrendered.
False Dmitry II had the opportunity to advance on Moscow, and was not slow to take advantage of. Kaluga recognized its power without a fight. Further, learning, that the Kaluga road it expects other royal army under Skopin-Shumsky, False Dmitry II chose not to join her in the fight and turned north. There, where the locals showed him resistance, for example, Mozhaysk, impostor suppressed it with the captured Bolhova under heavy attire. Troops False Dmitry II approaches to Moscow and settled in Tushino camp.
Bolhovskom extraordinary victory lifted authority of False Dmitry II. army impostors, increased due to having joined it surrendered Moscow servitors, dvynulas to Moscow through Kozelsk, Kaluga, Mozhaisk, Zvenigorod. Resistance was nowhere. Everywhere people came with bread and salt welcome Dmitry - legitimate king, returning to the throne.
Gabriel Tsobehiya
