Victory Day, 1945
Victoriously completing the Great Patriotic War, Soviet people began to restore the country's economy. The transition to a peacetime footing has been associated with large reductions in the Armed Forces. Already 23 June 1945 of the year 12 session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR - the first postwar, It adopted the law "On the demobilization of older personnel of the army". demobilization started 5 July 1945 year and mostly ended to top 1948 of the year. Just out of the army and navy were fired 33 military age enlisted men. Along with older dismissed soldiers completed higher and middle agricultural education, as well as all, who worked before the war and Teachers, who had three or more injured and who served for more than 7 years. Demobilization also subject to ex-students and women.
Reduction of the Armed Forces carried out not only by the demobilization of personnel. There have been significant changes in the management bodies and organizational structure. 4 September 1945 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was abolished State Defense Committee (LOQ). Ceased operations GHQ (SHAPE). Leaders of the Armed Forces has been concentrated in the hands of the Ministry of (Commissariat). Commissar, then Minister of the Armed Forces until March 1947 IV, it was. Stalin, from 1947 to March 1949 - ON THE. Bulganin. From April 1949 in March 1953 year - AM. Wasilewski. Disbanded many compounds, parts, military schools, school, courses, buildings management, armies and fleets. There was a sharp reduction in the number of military districts. If by the end of 1945 , there were 33 military district, by October 1946 year there were just 21. Military expenditures have been reduced from 43% of the total budget of the country in 1945 godu to 17,9% at 1948.
All major events, associated with the transfer of the army and navy to a peacetime footing, to 1948 year have been basically completed. demobilized about 8,5 million people. Strength of the Armed Forces has decreased from 11365 thousand. to 2874 thousand. human. Almost three times have been reduced and the internal troops, and the troops of the rear guard of the army - disbanded.
Significant reduction of the Soviet Armed Forces and was conducted in the hope, that the Western powers would be guided by the ideas of peace and friendship. But these hopes and expectations were.
Immediately after the victorious end of World War II, our former allies began to tear communication, established in the anti-Hitler coalition, Germany to carry out a split policy, creating military blocs, unleashed against the Soviet Union "the Cold War". In March 1946 year in Fulton (USA) in the presence of US President G.Trumena a keynote speech by Winston Churchill, who urged Western countries for a military campaign against the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The calls were picked up by a number of Western countries, and primarily the United States.
4 April 1949 , US President Harry Truman signs the North Atlantic Treaty
Leading the anti-socialist group, The United States began to rapidly increase its military presence in different regions of the world. American air and naval forces settled in the main sectors of the world of communications, and in the most important strategic points. It was built in the years 434 naval base to accommodate the Navy and naval aviation. It was prepared for the Army and strategic aviation 1933 base. US monopoly possessed weapons of enormous destructive power - the atomic bomb.
4 April 1949 in Washington US Government, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Norway, Denmark and Iceland signed an agreement on the establishment of NATO (NATO).
Along with the organization of the US military blocs have increased the rate of production of nuclear weapons and other weapons, accelerate the development of new models of military equipment, especially the aircraft as the main means of delivering weapons of mass destruction.
The basis of the foreign policy of the United States became a military-political "doctrine of containment" of communism. It provided for the preservation and strengthening of the military superiority, and ultimately the elimination of socialism as a social system. This doctrine was the basis for the anti-Soviet policy and the arms race. The basis of the doctrine of several military concept of national security was laid, clearly implies a broad warfare, primarily against the Soviet Union, the use of nuclear weapons. It has developed a series of military-strategic plans of waging war against the USSR. Among them are plans under the code names "Totalitu" (end 1945 of the year), «Dropshot» (1949 year) and others. For the plan "Dropshot", eg, supposed to lose 300 atomic bombs on 100 major towns and industrial areas on the territory of the Soviet Union.
Aggressive rate was accompanied by direct military actions. AT 1947 – 1949 years of national movement in Greece was crushed by the combined efforts of the international response. AT 1950 , the United States went to war against the Korean people, They threatened the People's Republic of China.
The Soviet Union was faced with the need to take measures to strengthen its defense capability. Already in 1949 year, less than a year after the completion of the demobilization, size of the army and navy was slightly increased. Priority in the restructuring of the Armed Forces 1949 – 1953 years was to increase the level of quality as the foundation of high alert. There was an increase of forces and means of the Air Forces and Air Defense Forces, which emerged as an independent branch of the Armed Forces. Their share in the Armed Forces has increased three-fold compared with the final stage of the war. The Army has increased the number of engineering, sapper, chemical elements and units. major events have been held on the technical re-equipment of other arms.
In the early postwar years, there have been a serious aggravation of the military-political situation in the world, preparation of a preventive nuclear war against the Soviet Union. All this was the reason for a forced increase in the Armed Forces of the USSR.Gabriel Tsobehiya
