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Officer training in the second half of the XIX century

Officer training in the second half of the XIX century

Russian troops in the War of Independence in the 1877 year

The officer corps of the Russian army to 1871 year, under the system of conscription numbered 24788 human. Before peacetime states lacked 1052 man, and lacking in wartime 6 thousands of people. Officers staffed ignoramus from the nobility, joined the army cadets and non-commissioned officers. officers, graduated from the cadet corps and special artillery or engineering school, there was little. The increase in army, reduction in service life, complexity of military affairs demanded a sharp increase in the general and specialized education officers. Army officers also need to significantly increased.

officer training system began to be transformed with the cadet corps. It was decided to separate the special classes of general education and create the first military school with a 2-year training period, and from the second - the military gymnasium with a 7-year courses (It was first established a deadline 6 years). In military school boys began to take secondary education. Military gymnasium were secondary schools, similar in its program to a real high school. The pupils of military high schools accounted for the bulk of entering military schools.

In this way, kadetskie Corps, with the exception of Finland and the Pages, They were eliminated. The cadet corps, which we educate together children and young people (from 10 to 20 years), there was a mixture of general education with special. Children and young people spread the same disciplinary relations; military exercises with the high standards reflected in classroom teaching children.

From military colleges annually (1863 – 1869 years) It was produced on average 464 man. In addition to military schools were established cadet schools with a 2-year training period. For admission to them it was required to have a basic education in the amount of four classes. In yunkerskie schools, train junior officers, admitted and persons nedvoryanskyh origin. Junkers, along with special subjects taught and educational. Cadet schools subordinated to the chiefs of staff of the military districts. AT 1869 year have been issued with the right to manufacture in officers 641, and 1870 year - 829 human.

Officer training in the second half of the XIX century

Russian-Turkish war. Surrender of the fortress of Nikopol 4 July 1877 of the year, Nikolai Dmitriev-Orenburg (1883)

After the reform of military educational institutions of all persons, is produced in the officers not from military schools, We had to pass examinations in the program cadet schools.

The military academies have been revised curricula and programs. Again along with the Academy of the General Staff, Artillery and Engineering of the Military Law Academy was opened.

The general management of all military educational institutions is carried out under the Ministry of General Administration of military schools.

The reorganization of military schools, certainly, It was a progressive phenomenon, although reformed educational institutions and retained caste noble character. The newly created military schools, in the opinion of the Minister of War Milyutin, They were significantly different from the pre-reform, in which "the officers formed completely as a parrot". Reorganized military schools have been a significant step forward compared to the old military-educational institutions. The reform improved general and military training of the officer corps. Before the Russian-Turkish war 1877 – 1878 s officer corps consisted of persons, Graduate courses cadet school and passed the exams in their volume, have not passed the course cadet school and made an officer of the cadets and volunteers, and finally, of the officers, trained in the Academy of the General Staff, Engineering and Artillery Academy. Results transformation officer training system affected to a certain extent already during the Russian-Turkish war 1877 – 1878 years.

Gabriel Tsobehiya

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