IL-38 - a Soviet anti-aircraft medium-range, developed in DB-240 Il'yushin based passenger IL-18B. The aircraft is designed to individually or together with anti-submarine search ships and destroy enemy submarines, for maritime surveillance, search and rescue operations, setting minefields.
IL-38 – video
History of creation
After the Second World War, the country of the winner have access to numerous German developments, including on the guided missile weapons. In the US, has deployed software "Polaris" and work began on the creation of an underwater missile. At the core of the program provides construction 41 nuclear missile submarine (PLARB). Each boat was armed with 16 solid-fuel missiles "Polaris A-1" with a flight range of up to 2200 km.
AT 1960 , the "Polaris" boat started to patrol. Due to the relatively short-range missile launch 14th squadron of the US Navy based in the UK, but in 1964-67 gg missiles in five boats have been upgraded and were launching range 4600 km, which undoubtedly increased the combat capabilities of the application class submarines "Polaris".
In the USSR at that time conducted research on combating the threat of US missile-boats. It was worked out the general concept of searching for the Premier League and its technical implementation, manifested in the creation of the first national anti-aircraft complex "Baku". Despite all its shortcomings, PLC "Baku" nominally mounted on antisubmarine helicopter Ka-25PL and amphibious aircraft Be-12. There were attempts to create anti-aircraft even on the basis of the Tu-16 (Tu-16PLO), however, without much success – squadron of aircraft operated briefly in the Air Force of the Northern and Pacific fleets.
Il-38N
Due to the large number of gaps and technical imperfections "Baku" system 1957 year started research work on "Juniper", and two years later in the NII-131 has begun to develop search and targeting system (PPS) "Berkut" (USSR Council of Ministers Resolution of 11 December 1959 city). Development radiogidroakusticheskih buoys engaged in SRI-753. Research work on "Elm" theme included the development of anti-submarine weapons.
Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers 18 June 1960 g. №640-261 development of anti-aircraft instructed EDO-240 (OCD on "Tuna"). The passenger aircraft IL-18B, was chosen as the base car for the IL-18PLO. AT 1961 , the OKB-240 defended conceptual design, which was attended by many invited, including naval aviation was represented by a group of long-term planning, which was part of the operations department, pilots, navigators and engineers from the Fleet Air Arm and 33rd PPI and PLC.
First flight aircraft configured converted 27 September 1961 of the year, test pilot VK. Kokkinaki. The plane had ASW equipment and armament, changes affected the airframe and systems obschesamolotnyh. FROM 15 yeast in 12 June 1962 was held prototyping Commission Il-38 AUC "Berkut". On the model considering options for equipment placement, linking the cockpit and other issues. 10 Martha 1963 , the system equipment “Berkut” It was installed on the aircraft and began his working out. it was carried out 147 test flights. land sonar landfill was built to simulate the buoys.
Joint tests on the program of the second phase lasted from 2 October 28 November 1964 of the year. it was carried out 19 flights. The test results are unsatisfactory.
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State joint tests were conducted with the aircraft 6 June 15 December 1965 year in the Black Sea (aer. Kirov). it was produced 87 fly with a touch 287 no, including fine-tuning “Golden Eagle” and magnetometer – 10 fly with a touch 38 no 15 min. Exposed buoy RSL-1 detection provided diesel submarine, which had the course of 6 to 8 knots ... (11, 2... 14.8 km / h) at sea state 1 ... 2 points at distances of 1700 ... 4000 m. Testing IL-38 aircraft pilots carried by test third control 8th Air GNIKI: senior test pilot Colonel Sukhinin, senior test pilot engineer Colonel Kuzmenko, of CST-240 – Lead test pilot VK. Kokkinaki, test pilot AN. Tryulin. Test navigator: Colonel H. Moskalenko, Melehin, ravens, Major Litzman. The results of tests recommended by the aircraft to the adoption, with deficiencies. The list of shortcomings №1, be eliminated prior to operation of the aircraft comprises 96 points. Of concern is low reliability of PPP "Berkut" – MTBF of the test results does not exceed the 6 hours.
Serial production of IL-38 was carried out at an engineering plant number 30 "Banner of Labor" (Located near the Central airfield on Khodynka Field in Moscow) from 1967 years before 1972 of the year. Total built 65 machines, which is four times less than originally planned. This is partly due to the fact, that even in 1962 year research organizations USSR Ministry of Defense prepared a certificate, from which it followed, that the most appropriate means of countering ballistic missile submarines are anti-aircraft with combat radius twice as large, than that of IL-38. 28 February 1963 issued a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers № 246-86 the development of long-range anti-aircraft Tu-142 with the PPP "Berkut-95".
Design
IL-38 - chetyrohdvigatelny all-metal monoplane with a low-trapezoidal straight wings, traditional odnokilevym plumage and trohstoechnym chassis. Two heated gruzootseke means for search and destruction of submarines compared to IL-18, IL-38 in the middle part of the fuselage equipped. The wing is shifted forward by three meters to save operational alignment. Behind the rear cargo compartment mounted turbine TG 16. As basic materials of construction employed aluminum alloys D16A-TV, D16A-T, AK-6, steel 30KhGSA.
Fuselage
The fuselage is of semi-monocoque construction of circular cross-section with a sheet of aluminum lining. The front part of the fuselage is divided in a sealed floor structure and unsealed. The upper half is sealed to the frame №10 cabin and represents the workplace seven crew, as well as various electronic equipment. Under the floor is a front landing gear compartment and a high voltage unit with a parabolic radar antenna "Golden Eagle" in a circular fairing. For fairing is swiveling down access door to the cockpit. The propeller rotation plane on the sides of the fuselage naklopany reinforcing laths.
Behind the cab to the center-front is gruzootseke, over which there is a container with two soft fuselage fuel tanks, refrigeration unit and the faculty board computer “Berkut”. Then there is a center section of the wing trohlonzheronny, on which there are blocks of equipment "Reseda" and astrocompass. For the center-back is gruzootseke, on top of which the block is installed equipment "Berkut", oxygen cylinders, liferaft. Behind him is a technical compartment to the front door on the right side, wherein the accumulators are arranged 12SAM-28, turbogenerator, oxygen cylinders, autopilot servos, and in the rear – magnetometer. The fuselage tail boom length ends 5,59 m, wherein the element is placed magnitochustvitelny.
Structurally it has done so, that within the entire fuselage can be passed from the cockpit to the tail tehotseka.
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Wing
wing directly, trapezoidal. It consists of center section and two portions otomnyh POINTS dvuhlonzheronnoe structure. V cross-wing of socks line is + 3 °. POINTS performed with negative geometrical twist in 1 °. The wing is equipped with a double-slotted sliding flaps Fowler electrically. ailerons used for roll control. On the right aileron trim set.
Wing skin is made of duralumin sheets of thickness from 2,4 to 6 mm. airfoils – on the center between the internal pods - C-5, on consoles - P-3, between them - the transition profile.
tail
Empennage - cantilever, single-fin, trapezoidal. Horizontal has a span 11,8 m. The angle of sweep along the line 1/4 vertical tail chords - 21 ° 34 ', horizontal - 6 ° 50 '. Used a modified NACA profile-00 with a relative thickness 12%. The design of the keel and stabilizer caisson, trohlonzheronnaya. Linings made of duralumin sheets. All wheels have an axial compensation and balancing weight, equipped with trimmers, a steering wheel direction - servokompensatorom.
Power point
Four TMD AI-20M Series 6I with four-blade variable-pitch propeller AV-64 Series 04A. Each engine has its own oil system capacity 228 liters (refueling - 75%), wherein the oil part is used as a working fluid regulator constant RPM, command unit toppivnogo, torque indicator systems and emergency feathering propeller. Nacelle beam structure, titanium firebreak separated into three compartments. Internal engine nacelle compartment to have at the main landing gear.
Il-38N
Fuel system
Comprises 24 plane and 1st fuselage tank total capacity 35153 liters of aviation kerosene TC-1. Power supply fuel separately to the right and left motors. Otomnyh tanks in the wing and in the ventral part of center - integrated, in the outer parts of the wing and fuselage - soft rubber. Ringing the opening tap the right and left groups of tanks can be combined.
Gidroazotnaya system
It consists of the main, backup and several autonomous subsystems. The first subsystem provides cleaning and landing gear, control by turning the front wheels, wheel braking, wiper on the front glasses, opening and closing of the hatches bomb bay. Energy sources, - two piston pump NP 25-5 in two internal motors and the hydraulic accumulator. For braking the wheels in the parking lot are two more accumulator. and cargo hatches are opened and closed by hydraulic duplicating. Energy source - NA-14 electric pump station. The primary and backup systems have a total capacity of tank 49 l. Nitric system is used for emergency braking,, sealing and opening access hatches in flight. Nitrogen is stored in cylinders.
Electrical plane
The source of DC voltage 27 The are eight STG-12TMO-1000 generators, installed on engines. The emergency source of DC are four batteries 12SAM-28. To power the on-board network in the parking lot can be used machine TG-16.
In TG-16 is a starter generator of constant current HS-24A, which spins the turbine TG-16 at start, and after the start gives a constant current to the onboard network for starting the main engines. The source of alternating voltage 115 And frequency 400 Hz are four-phase generator CDF-12, And one generator is in reserve. To power the airplane equipment on the ground with engines is not started a single-phase inverter IN-1500.
Three-phase alternating current network 36 volts powered by two rotating converters DC-DC 1500TS
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life support and rescue equipment
Margin medical oxygen gas stored in 19 stationary cylinders CB-1 capacity for 36 liters each, and one portable tank capacity 7,6 l., which can be used when moving inside the aircraft in the unsealed part thereof. When emergency escape the aircraft at high altitudes can be used parachute oxygen devices KP-23, oxygen supply which is designed to 11 minutes.
Each crew member can equip maritime rescue suit CMC-3M. For the forced evacuation of the aircraft parachutes are Type C-5, equipped with portable emergency NAZ-7 and a single boat MLAS-1-ON.
Emergency landing on the water in the upper plane is provided an emergency exit hatch in the fuselage above the center section and the left – exit hatch on the wing, as well as an inflatable life raft PSN-6A.
Piloting and navigation equipment
– Piloting and navigation system "Path-4B-2K"
– Autopilot AP 6E
– The navigation device ANP-3B
– range navigation and landing system RSBN-2C
– Kursovaya system TCS-P
– Altimeter RV-4
– Direction Finding ARK-11
– Doppler Diss-1
– Central speed and altitude EVC-1M-1B
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Radio communication and radio equipment
– Jets intercom SPU-7B
– Command radio R-802B
– Command radio R-832 “Eucalyptus”
– HF transmitter P-847A “prism”
– KV station P-836
– CB transmitter “Peleng”
– warning station on irradiation SPO-2
– Jets transponder SB-57M
– Roentgenometer SE-3B
Some aircraft are additionally equipped with electronic intelligence station CDS-5 “Cherry”.
objective control means
– Tape-MS 61b
– Magnetic recorder filter parameters MSRP-12-96
The basic version of the Il-38
ASW equipment
– Search and sighting system "Berkut-38"
– Magnitometr APM-60 or APM-73
PPP "Golden Eagle-38" consists of a panoramic radar function stabilize the roll and pitch, Jets receiver-indicator device SPIU, BCVM “Flame”, block communication with the digital computer, Panel geographical coordinates PGK, remote data entry LDPE, and others.
Radar is used when working with a responder beacon buoys, modes of circular or sector review, as well as in the mode of a detailed review of JCI surface – microplans area.
SPIU equipment is designed for the control of work exhibited RSL, listening to the sea of noise transmitted by them, bearing determination objective and its maintenance manual or semi-automatic.
For the first time on the IL-38 in the practice of the Soviet aircraft design was used on-board digital computer "Flame-264", as part of the search and sighting system "Berkut-38", developed by NII-131. BCVM “Flame-264” created on the basis of earlier machines “Flame-helicopter” NII-17 development. The computer is fully assembled on discrete semiconductor base, without the use of microchips and micro - only high-frequency transistors and diodes, and the memory of the machine - on ferrite rings. Installation is made on single-layer and single-sided printed circuit boards.
CVM-264 is designed to solve logical problems, arising from the search and tracking submarines. It automatically controls the aircraft movement (cherez autopilot), It expects to place the submarine on the data from the buoys, processing radar information, It operates with radar targets autofollow, It gives signals to open bombolyukov and performs an automatic reset of search and destruction, It calculates the probability of hitting the target selected means, etc..
Il-38 ASW equipment modernization does not pass.
Il-38SD Indian Navy
Armament IL-38
– Funds search PL - nenapravlennye radiogidrolokacionnye bui RGB-1, Passive aimed RSL-2, autonomous sonar passively RSL-3-active stations, RGB-16 (144 RGB-1, 10 RGB-2, 3 RGB-3).
Specially designed for the aircraft sonobuoy with long-term memory “Jauza”, calculated to be present in the sea to 2 months and periodically reads information on flying the aircraft. Work on the buoy were discontinued in 1979 year.
– PL means of destruction - two anti-submarine torpedoes AT-1, AT-2 or 1-APR rocket, EPR-2, EPR-3 (last only for IL-38H).
– PKR – AT 2005 were completed tests X-35 after the adaptation of its missiles to the Indian modification of the Il-38SD.
– antisubmarine bombs, sea mines, rescue container CAS, marine markers (orientirnıe morskie aviabombı OMAB-12D) and so on. d.
By plane IL-38 is no optical or television bombsight, so bombs reset, min, Rescue containers and t. P. goods produced essentially without aiming, “by eye”, and has a large spread (HUH).
Defensive gun armament by plane missing.
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Crew
The crew of IL-38 is composed of seven people: two pilots (captain, Assistant captain), navigator navigator, navigator, radar operator, Jets operator of the receiving display device (SPIU), flight engineer, bortradist.
Exploitation
The USSR was the first aircraft IL-38 to 24-th separate anti-aircraft regiment Long range Air Force of the Northern Fleet (airfield Severomorsk-1) at 1968 year. AT 1969 year - the 77th separate anti-aircraft regiment Long range Air Force Pacific Fleet (airfield Nikolaevka) and 1972 year - 145th separate anti aircraft squadron of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet (airport Skulte).
trips abroad – Yemen 2 IL-38 December 1979 -1991 GG, Ethiopia 2 IL-38 29 January 1981 d by 1986 city, from 1982 by 1989 G. G. periodic home 2 IL-38 in Libya, occasional trips to Mozambique and Syria.
The crews of the aircraft IL-38 1969 by 1981 year produced 4095 sorties on combat duty with the general bloom 24570 no.
Currently, the aircraft IL-38 operated:
– 7050-I AVB SF (Severomorsk-1).
– 7060 AvB TOF (Elizovo)
– 7062 AvB TOF (Nikolaevka).
– 859-d Center of combat employment and retraining of naval aviation in g. Yeisk.
Cabin Il-38N
Losses
– 1984 year. The accident at the AER. Nikolaevka, 77-The family Web BBC Toth. Abort takeoff. The plane skidded off the runway, I was injured and was decommissioned. The crew was not injured.
– 1984 year. Aerodrome Asmara, Ethiopia. As a result of the raid on the airfield separatists killed two Il-38, belonging to the 77 th Air Force Pacific Fleet OPLAP, crews were not injured.
– 1994 year. Crash aэr. Severomorsk-1, 24-The route for simple Web BBC. When the landing in heavy snow and drifting snow aircraft deviated from the landing course and collided with the ground. crew killed.
– 2002 year. The catastrophe of two Indian planes Il-38 air show, antisubmarine squadron INAS 315. killing 12 human. In return, Russia broke the car to donate two Il-38.
Initial operation of the aircraft revealed its very low efficiency of the combat operation, exorbitant abandoned search and sighting system - MTBF FDC was only 1,5 – 2 o'clock, high percentage of marriage basic applied radiogidrobuov RSL-1 (to 30%). According to experts 33rd Pulp and Paper Marine Aviation practical suitability of the IL-38 to search for the submarine was about 8-10 times worse than that of the American patrol aircraft “Orion”.
Already in 1969 year issued a decree on modernization of the MAP. Planned installation of modern PPK “Kite-M” (the Tu-142M), replacement of outdated navigation equipment (TSGV-10 and TCS-P of the complex and heading “rumba”), instead autopilot AP-6E and systems “4-Way” install ACS. Also planned to install a new magnetometer “Bor-1S”, Hydrological exploration equipment, dropping machine reflectors ASO-2B, etc.. In the case of aircraft modernization it would be possible to use the latest infrasonic buoys, an order of magnitude more sensitive, and explosive sound sources. The cabin was planned installation screens tactical situation. Assumed replacement of electrothermal de-icing system on the aircraft electric pulse, and the electrical system of aircraft engine run on an air change, what, among other things, due to disposal from the launch aircraft reduction units provided on weight 340 kg.
However, it does not run this set of modifications was the reason, that the onboard computer “Flame-264” not handle information from a new system “Kite” a digital computer “Argon-15”. That is actually required the complete replacement of all the target hardware. As a result, the aircraft changed only magnetometer new.
In the 80s, due to obsolescence PEP “Berkut”, Yet, it was decided to finalize the airplane under the application of the new buoys type RSL-16, and explosive sound sources. equipment has been developed “Emerald”, which includes 68-channel receiving device “Volkhov”, processing apparatus and information display hydroacoustic, radiogidroakustičeskie bui RGB-16, blocks interfacing with PPS “Berkut” (VIZ-s not applied). Just passed the order completion 12 Flight.
In the late 80s, work began on a new antisubmarine complex “short story”, but due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the lack of financing complex was unclaimed national naval aviation. But they are interested in Indians, in service who have IL-38. The new aircraft was designated IL-38SD (Sea Dragon - Sea Dragon). Total converted 6 Flight.
A little later, the installation of the complex “short story” it was decided to finalize the domestic and IL-38, received the name of Il-38H. This maritime patrol aircraft to conduct underwater, surface and air reconnaissance, reconnaissance, electronic intelligence and jamming. On 2015 year converted 5 Flight.
14 November 2016 of the year. In Zhukovsky completes flight tests after the upgrade anti-aircraft Il-38H Sea Russian Navy aviation (board "yellow 11" number, factory number 880010308, serial number 103-08, registration number of the RF-75308, the name "Michael Verbitsky").This is the seventh modernized Il-38H, and a first contracted upgraded board 2015 year for two cars.
modifications
IL-38 – IL-38 with a search-and-sighting "Berkut-38" complex.
Il-38SD – Upgraded patrol and anti-submarine aircraft equipped with a new sighting and navigation system "Sea Dragon" produced by NGOs "Leninist". As part of the modernization of the aircraft expected extension of their technical resources 10-15 years. Additional suspension components are located under the center-plane (2 host).
Il-38N ("Novella") – Upgrading version of IL-38 aircraft of the Russian Navy to the level of IL-38SD.
armed with
– Russia: Aviation of the Navy - 46 IL-38 and 8 Il-38N, as of 2016 year.
– India: Indian Navy - 5 Il-38SD, as of 2016 year.
The performance characteristics of the IL-38
IL-38 crew
– 7 human
Dimensions of IL-38
– Length: 40,075
– Wingspan: 37,4
– Height: 10,12 m
– wing area: 140 m²
– The mean aerodynamic chord: 3,0 m
– track chassis: 9,0 m
Weight of IL-38
– empty weight: 34 700 kg
– Maximum takeoff weight: 68 000 kg
– Maximum landing weight: 52 200 kg
– Mass fuel in internal tanks: 26 650 kg
IL-38 engines
– Power point: 4 AI × TVD-20M
– engine power: 4 × 4250 l. from. (4 × 3126 kW (takeoff))
– Air propeller: AB-64 Series 04A
– The diameter of the screw: 4,5 m
– engine weight: 1040 kg
IL-38 speed
– full speed: 650 km / h on 6000 m
– combat radius: 2200 km
– Technical Range: 9500 km
– The length of the run: 1700 m
– path length: 1070 m
Practical ceiling IL-38
– 8000 m (of flight mass with 66 000 kg)
weaponry
– Normal combat load: 5430 kg
– The maximum combat load: 8400 kg
– Antisubmarine bombs svobodnopadayuschie: PLAB-250-120, PLAB-50
– Antisubmarine bombs corrected: PL250-120 "Paddock"
– torpedoes: AT-1, AT-2, AT-3 (UMGT-1), EPR-1, EPR-2
– sonar buoys: RGB-1, RGB and RGB-2-3
– sea mines: AMD-2
Photo Ile-38
