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Achievement of Soviet military science

Achievement of Soviet military science

a.e. VoroshilovOne of the fundamental achievements of Soviet military science is developed in the 30 years the theory of the deep offensive and fight. Now it is difficult to establish, who first stated the basic idea - the simultaneous suppression of enemy defenses in all of its depth. Furthermore, some researchers call the search for specific authors of this theory fruitless. However, it is quite possible to identify the first documents, containing ideas of deep operations and combat, group called creators of this theory.

The first document, in which the principle of simultaneous suppression of enemy defenses on was quite clearly formulated in all its depth in the front part of the offensive, was the report of the commander of LVO MN. Tukhachevsky's Commissar of Defense of the USSR KE. Voroshilov 11 January 1930 of the year. The basic idea of ​​the deep operation was, to concerted action rifle troops, tanks, aviation, air and tank assaults to pin down the enemy's defenses throughout its depth, ram it through a powerful blow, then encircle and destroy all the defending enemy grouping.

An important document of the history of the development of deep offensive operation is a "Report on the aviamotodesanta 3 September 1930 g. encircling maneuvers LVO ", in which airborne troops was related to the number of new powerful tools, allowing to constrain operational and strategic reserves of the enemy. The initiative in the creation and development of airborne troops belongs MN. Tukhachevsky (1929-1930 gg.).

Testing of aircraft landing and successful participation in the district maneuvers aviation provided new supply not only the issues of conducting frontline and army offensives, but also offensive combat. Justification "a new kind of battle, based on the use of all arms, modern advanced technology ", It was given in the report of the commander of the Leningrad Military District, MN. Tukhachevsky People's Commissar of Defense KE. Voroshilov "On the results of combat training for 1929/30 academic year". For a brief note was attached report, which explains the nature of the new battle rifle corps, based on the interaction of infantry and artillery with the most advanced technical combat arms: aircraft and tanks.

AT 1930 in the newspaper "Red Star" published a number of articles of the deputy chief of management of mechanization and motorisation of the Red Army KB. Kalinovskogo, dedicated to the deep operation. The basic ideas of deep offensive operations were reflected in the report, "The problem of motorization and mechanization of modern armies", made by CB. Kalinowski 29 November 1930 at a meeting of the Military section at the Communist Academy. According to the author, offensive operation would consist of two stages: break the enemy's defenses and deploy operational maneuver.

Achievement of Soviet military science

The first five red marshals: are – Budenny and Blucher,sit – Tukhachevskiy, Voroshilov and Yegorov

spring 1931 year research teams and among the high command was widely discussed report of the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Red Army VK. Triandafillov "Basic questions of tactics and operational art in connection with the reconstruction of the Army". In the report the essence of deep offensive combat was clearly formulated, and outlines the contours of operational and tactical concepts, arising from the principle of simultaneous suppression of enemy defenses.

Around the same time began to develop this problem in the military academies. So, in the name of MV Academy. Frunze this work was headed by the head of the Academy RP. of Eden, which attracted to the solution of its various GS issues. Issersona, P. J. Vakulicha, SN. Krasilnikov, p.c.. Ziffer and other.

In summer 1932 year in the county for the elaboration and discussion were sent to the Chief of Staff of the Red Army developed AE. Egorov theses, known as "The tactics and operational art of the Red Army in the new stage". The document was given to the definition of the essence of the principle of simultaneous suppression of enemy defenses on all its depth and emphasized its difference from the principle of the previous period.

In the same year, a number of works, revealing different aspects of the theory of the deep offensive and fight: "The evolution of operational art" GS. Issersona, "Tactics motomehsoedineny" SN. Amos, "The Air Force in combat and operations" AN. Lapchinskii, "Essays on the tactics of the" RS. Ziffer and other. In subsequent years, a significant contribution to the development issues of deep operations and combat AI also made. Sedyakin, P. J. Vakulich, NO. Bartholomew and other specialists.

Consequently, in the development of the theory of the deep offensive and the battle is the direct involvement of the dozens of military theorists. In the first row of its creators are: MN. Tukhachevskiy, VC. Triandafillov, A.I. Sedyakin, P. J. Vakulich, NO. Varfolomeev.

The priority in the development of deep offensive and combat theory, undoubtedly, It belongs to the Soviet military science. To 1936 year in the works, and the official leadership of the German and other armies was not even a mention of the operations and deep battle tactics. An exception, perhaps, is only one book Eymansbergera "Tank War", It is recommending tank lightning strikes. Besides, at 1935 the German magazine "Vohenblatt Militaire" in one article pointed out the novelty of ideas, set out in the book GS. Isserson "The evolution of operational art". only work, published by German writers after 1936 of the year, suggest a careful study of the achievements of Soviet military theory, and, Furthermore, the fact of borrowing a number of provisions on the principles of the use of tank, mechanized and airborne troops.

However, some aspects of the new forms of warfare were perceived in a distorted way. for example, in the famous book "Attention, tanks!"Guderian considered the only means of tanks, able to break through the defense and develop a blow. Corps belonged to the auxiliary troops leave, rejected close cooperation with infantry tanks. Insignificant role allotted artillery, and recognized only aircraft as a means of covering with air tanks and crush allowance enemy. Guderian suggested the use of tanks in the attack with four trains in the same general construction, that Soviet military theorists have included more in the years 1939-1934, and subsequently rejected. this implies, that the statement of General Manstein about, that during the last war, the Soviet command was borrowed from the Germans expedient organization of tanks and adopt their way of deep breakthrough, It does not correspond to the historical truth.Gabriel Tsobehiya

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