German planes bombed the territory of the USSR
There is an opinion, that the intelligence did not provide the highest military and political leadership of the country with the necessary information, however, a large number of now declassified documentary sources, as well as publications in the press gives all grounds to declare, that it not only does not correspond to reality, but simply a lie.
Up to Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union 22 June 1941 of the year, overcoming the enormous difficulties of creating, growth and development, massive opposition counterintelligence countries, against which conducted intelligence activities, as well as various political costs of internal order, Soviet intelligence with honor and almost always in a timely manner to carry out its functions. That is why the statement that, that de it with something not cope, - is a lie.
The level of development and the state of intelligence in the late 30's - early 40-ies allowed to solve problems, set by the Government and the People's Commissariat of Defense. However, the repression of the management staff of the Red Army at all levels have also caused heavy damage and military intelligence. FROM 1938 by 1940 year have been arrested and killed the intelligence chiefs JK Management. Berezin, SP. Uritsky, I.I. Proskurov and many other experienced professionals. Stalin's decision to liquidate a significant portion of the foreign intelligence network, create years. Intelligence has suffered irreparable damage.
But still, despite the tragic events of those years, Soviet intelligence was able to provide information to the country's leadership in almost all important issues, including on the preparation of an attack on the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and its allies. Over the implementation of these tasks effectively working group Schulze - Boysen "Red Orchestra", valid on the territory of Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, France and Switzerland, organization "Dora" headed by Schandera Rado Switzerland, group "ABC" in Romania, artist Richard Sorge in Japan and many other.
Disturbing information about the aggressive plans of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union began to deal with 1938 of the year. Since July 1940 year there were data on early troop movement from West to East. 29 December 1940 year were extracted and entered the Moscow data on the adoption of Hitler's decision and ordering others to direct preparation for war against the Soviet Union. In this way, within 11 days after the approval of top-secret "Barbarossa" plan the Soviet military and political leadership have this vital information.
Muscovites listen to a message on the radio about the attack on the USSR, Germany
Since 11 March 15 May 1941 Year of Intelligence has repeatedly reported to Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov, Timoshenko and Zhukov generalized data on the direction of development of the armed forces of Germany and its allies, changes in their condition, Build-up of troops on the borders of the USSR, often up to individual regiments and battalions. And if before June figures were somewhat overstated, they were close enough to the actual on the eve of the war. according to intelligence, enemy grouping had 191 division, one German - 146. According to German sources - 199 and 154 division respectively.
Advance received information about the possible timing of the German attack on the USSR. 27 December 1940 year - from Berlin: War will begin in the second half of next year; 31 December 1940 year - from Bucharest: War will begin next spring; 22 February 1941 year - Belgrade: the outbreak of war - May - June 1941 of the year; 15 Martha 1941 year - from Bucharest: war should be expected after three months; 19 Martha 1941 year - from Berlin: the attack is planned between 15 yeast and 15 June 1941 of the year; 4 May 1941 year - from Bucharest: the outbreak of war is scheduled for mid-June; 22 May 1941 year - from Berlin: the attack on the Soviet Union is expected 15 June; 1 June 1941 Year - Tokyo: the outbreak of war - the second half of June; 7 June 1941 year - from Bucharest: war begins 15 – 20 June; 15 June 1941 Year - Tokyo: attack occurs on a broad front, at dawn 22 June; 16 June 1941 year - from Berlin: German attack on the Soviet Union - 22 – 25 June. Posts of this nature received through other channels - diplomatic, NKVD.
Data analysis of the facts leads to the conclusion, that intelligence itself is the only way to develop effective policies and strategies, but can not replace them. The decisive factor is the ability to use intelligence. Without effective policies most reliable intelligence is useless. Everything depends on the, as an invaluable intelligence information was used. And then we have to admit, that the top military leaders of the USSR, Unfortunately, openly ignored most of the extracted intelligence. First of all, on the directions of the main attacks of the Wehrmacht. As he wrote later GK. Zhukov, General Golikov (Head of the Intelligence Department on the eve of the war), apparently, in favor of the upper view, in the report on the position of the enemy and his plans before the war drew conclusions, It does not follow from the information communicated. Namely: "Rumors and documents, talking about the inevitability of this spring, the war against the Soviet Union, It must be regarded as disinformation, coming from England and even, may be, German intelligence ".
so, Soviet intelligence on the eve of World War II has done everything in its power, to prevent a surprise attack. But due to subjective factors, and its responsibility for the tragedy of the early days of the war.
Here's a assessment of Soviet intelligence on the eve of the aggression of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union can be given on the basis of these facts,.
Gabriel Tsobehiya
