Development of the aircraft under the designation Yak-1M launched in August 1942 g. The machine is conceived as a profound modification of Yak-16, Optimized for gaining dominance in the air. In comparison with the original model, on 11,5 % reduced fuel capacity, significantly reduced the area of the wing and the horizontal tail. Left wing wooden, As at As-16, but spars and four power rib performed dural. Armament remained as Yak-16 – 20-mm gun LUBAK, shooting through screw shaft (ammunition 120 shells), and simultaneous 12.7mm machine gun UB (200 rounds). As a result of the measures taken to alleviate its takeoff weight machines decreased by 280 kg.
As Ystrebytelya 3 – video
It assumed to install a new motor M-106, but because of its unavailability on the first prototype, released for testing 28 February 1943 city, We established the M-105PF. The second prototype, was tested in April 1943 city, got the engine M-107, but the engine was still "raw", nedovedenny. The third flight model of the Yak-1M, released for testing 20 September 1943 city, I had M-105PF motor 2 and amplified armament: lite 20 mm gun LUA-20M (110 shells) and 2 machine gun UB (by 150 rounds). tests have shown, that the Yak-1M is not inferior to his tactical flight of the aircraft of the enemy, and in December 1943 g. the car had adopted a new designation Yak-3. The series was set not SHA-20M, as usual, heavier, shvak cannon gun, so the first series aircraft manned by only one synchronous machine gun. In March 1944 g. first serial Yak-3 released Saratov factory Nq 292, soon joined in the production and the factory number 31 in Tbilisi.
Combat use Yak-3
The first part, Yak-armed June 3 1944 city, He became the 91st IAP. It is composed of a plane passed military tests in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation. But significant numbers of these planes appeared on the front in the Baltic States in August and September 1944 g. On this site Yak-3 received 18 th, 31-and, 66-Her GI-up, 4-and PAI. On the southern flank of such aircraft primarily armed with 32-th and 427-th IAP, in the central sector – 402-and PAI. losses 1944 g. amounted 90 Like 3, of them 56 – lost in battle.
The sea aircraft Yak-3 dissemination not received due to the short-range. Nevertheless, Aircraft of this type (along with Yak-9U) He exploited the 6th GIAP Air Force Black Sea Fleet. Primarily Yak-3 was prepared shelves, previously flew on fighter AS. Yakovlev other types, but there were exceptions: at 1945 g. their armed 112th GIAP, previously flown on La 7. Some regiments remained mixed structure until the end of the war – So, in the 812th IAP until the end of the war the Yak-3 was flying one squadron. The last combat missions in the Soviet-German war over Berlin and Prague completed Yak-3 1st and 115th GIAP. In the war with Japan, the Yak-3 involvement was minimal -naprimer, 13-IAP from the Khabarovsk 5th Air Group Air Defense fulfilled all 13 sorties.
Experience has shown combat use, he did not have the convenience and ease of management of the Yak-3 second to none. The air engagements at altitudes up 5 km Yak-3 was superior to the main types of German fighters of the war (Bf 109G-10 и Fw 190A-8) the vertical velocity, It affords a marked advantage in the air battle. In the same time, big problem Yak-3 was insufficient range. It is not allowed to conduct long-term free hunting and accompany bombers on a full range of. In contrast to all fighters like Germany, and allies, Yak-3 could not be suspended tanks. Instrumentation did not allow to use the Yak-3 at night and in adverse weather conditions.
In the early postwar years, the Yak-3 continued to hold a prominent place in the Soviet Air Force. As of 1 September 1946 g. fighter aircraft numbered 2069 this type of aircraft – 17,4 % its composition. The last part of the drill, As эkspluatyrovavshey 3 to 1953 city, IAP PVO was 152y (Turkmenistan).
In September 1944 g. Yak-3 began to receive 1st French PAI "Normandie-Niemen", who fought on the Soviet-German front. At the end of the war 40 Yak-3 were transferred to the French and June 1945 g. flew to France, which operated for some time. December 1944 g. about 20 Once transferred to Poland 3, where they served in 1 -m, 9-m, 10-m 11 -m IAP. At the end 1946 g. they were handed over to the flight school. In yanvare1945 g. As vooruzhyly 3-114 and PAI Yuhoslavskyy, which operated on the southern sector of the Soviet-German front. After the war the Yak-3 were transferred to Yugoslavia, which operated until the end of 1946 g. Former Yugoslav aircraft received Albania.
As Modyfykatsyy 3
Yak-3 with arms of 1 20-mm guns and 1 12,7-mm machine gun – first 197 production vehicles.
Yak-3 with arms of 1 20-mm guns and 2 12,7-mm machine guns (starting with the 13th series) – major modifications.
Once RFP – B-20 is armed with 20-mm cannon three (and two synchronous firing through the propeller shaft). Issued April 1945 g. plant number 292, since the summer 1945 g. -plant number 31. Total built 596 copies.
As VC-3-107A – with an engine VK-107A and weapons like the Yak-RFP. AT 1945-1946 gg. factory number 31 I built all 48 machines, as the Yak-9 glider was considered more suitable for the new engine.
The series is not implemented Yak-ST, armed 1 37mm cannon H-37 (25 shells) and 2 B-20S (by 100 shells), altitude Yak-PEA with the motor M-105PD, Yak-RDA with additional liquid rocket engine thrust 270 kgf, Yak-3 with engine VC-108A, Yak-3 with motor M-82A.
Total volume serial production Yak-3 was 5038 units. Of them 3840 let the plant number 292 (at 1944 g. – 1682 cars, 1945-m – 1918, 1946-m – 240), a 1198 – factory number 31 (498 at 1944 g, 462 to 1945-m and 238 at 1946 city). Before the end of World War II was made 4111 aircraft.
Tactical-technical characteristics Yak-3
– chief designer: A. FROM. Yakovlev
– First flight: 28 February 1943 of the year
– years of production: March 1944-1946 years
– units produced: 4 848 (of them 4111 during the war)
As crew 3
– 1 pilot
The dimensions of the Yak-3
– Length: 8,49 m
– Wingspan: 9,20 m
– Height: 2,38 m
– wing area: 14,83 m²
As Wes-3
– empty weight: 2105 kg
– Curb weight: 2650 kg
As engine 3
– Power point: 1 × VC-105PF2
– engine power: 1 × 1240 HP.
How to Speed-3
– full speed: 645 kmh
– Cruising speed: 600 kmh
Flight range Yak-3
– 648 km
Practical ceiling Yak-3
– 10 700 m
Speed takeoff Yak-3
– 1 111 m / min
As Vooruzhenye 3
– Small-pushechnoe: 1 × 20 mm cannon ShVAK, 2 × 12.7-mm machine gun UBS
Photo Yak-3
