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Moscow Burning

Moscow Burning

Tokhtamysh near Moscow

The victory of Kulikovo changed military and political situation in Russia, but it did not lead to getting rid of raiding and extortion. At the site of the Horde Mamaia new state was formed, led by Genghis Khan Tokhtamysh. After he announced about his reign in the Golden Horde, Russian princes sent ambassadors to him with gifts. But Tokhtamysh wanted to restore the Khan's power in full and after the defeat of "usurper Mamaia" wanted to restore the tarnished the military prestige of the Horde.

In May 1382 Tokhtamysh the troops crossed the Volga and invaded the Russian principalities. Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan princes, whose paying invasions immediately became hostages of obedience, Tokhtamysh sent rich gifts and other expressions of recognition of the Khan's power. "Postponed" by the recent Union and the prince of Tver. Soon Tokhtamysh crossed the Oka and took Serpukhov. Dmitry Donskoy, who did not have after the recent severe battle a large professional army, with a team was forced to withdraw from Moscow to Kostroma, hoping for a successful "siege seat" in the "white city" of a small garrison and residents. After the departure of the Grand Duke riot took place in Moscow, occurred bezvlastye. Metropolitan Cyprian and the Grand Duchess with princely children barely able to get out of the besieged city. Metropolitan flight of a negative impact on the situation in the city, later Grand Duke openly expressed it to him, and sent away - in Kiev. Warehouses and homes of the rich people were looted, black booze.

23 August Mongol patrols appeared at the walls of Moscow. Residents greeted them from the walls of abuse and ridicule. received the answer, that "in the city of Prince is not", patrols have disappeared in the forests surround Moscow. town, thinking, that a similar effect produced high walls of the Kremlin and the new shots then "mattresses", We are celebrating victory. What was the surprise of most of them, when morning 24 August came to the walls of the main forces Tokhtamysh. After the shooting, the Tatars stormed the city, hoping to take the city on the move, taking advantage of the absence of the Grand Duke and his forces. However, citizens repulsed all attacks with heavy losses for the attackers. Horde fired from "mattresses", crossbows, poured boiling water and resin. The walls thanks to a sufficient number of defenders and defenses were impregnable. 25 August opponent went for a second assault, but it reflected the.

Moscow Burning

Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy

Tokhtamysh troops suffered considerable losses and could not spend time on the siege; at that moment Prince Dmitry and Vladimir Serpukhov collected troops, farmers gathered in groups and attack the enemy, the situation day by day to change not in favor of the Tatar army. Tokhtamysh decided to use a stratagem. 26 August through Suzdal princes - they were brothers wife of Grand Prince of Moscow - Grand Princess Eudoxia, he proposed citizens honorable peace provided, that let in Tatar embassy in Moscow. I believe the enemy and traitors was very stupid, but the drunken mob (citizens for several days were drunk) I accept the terms Tokhtamysh. Prince Vasili Kirdyapa and Simon took an oath on the cross. Tatar embassy came out to meet Prince awns, clergy, the nobles and the common people. Protection gate is not provided. Tatar embassy penetrated into the city, and caught him, and the rest of the enemy army, the slaughter. The first was hacked to death the Prince of awns. For them, they cut down the clergy and other people. Citizens were caught by surprise and were unable to organize resistance, around the city were massacres and robbery. Tatars captured the grand treasury, a huge number of values, city ​​burned. With attempts to somehow organized resistance was over. Nomadic hundreds stormed the city, Other wedged gate, so that they could not be closed, They opened the gates and locked. Thousands of foot soldiers rushed to the wall: here, in short, hot battle but fell many anonymous defenders of Moscow. Others sought refuge in churches, no Tokhtamysh, bitter losses and causing behavior Muscovites, He ordered to set fire to the church. The churches were burned tens of thousands of ancient books and chronicles, and Moscow at that time had their biggest sobranie.S residents handed over the city were treated extremely harshly: the entire population was cut, burned or taken into captivity. When the Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir, Dmitri Ivanovich returned to Moscow, I saw only a "smoke, ash, land okrovavlennuyu, corpses charred and empty churches ". According to one of the chroniclers, Duke paid to bury 1 ruble for 80 buried bodies, but only paid 300 rubles. According to this information, they buried 24 Thousands chelovek.Sozhzhenie Moscow, destruction of thousands of residents have become a heavy blow to the Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy. He died not yet rebuilt, siroy Moscow incomplete 39 years, 19 May 1389 of the year.

Gabriel Tsobehiya

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