Socialist Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet
During the civil war and foreign invasion fleet was in dire straits, losing 416 ships, of them 174 combat and 242 support. The material of the remaining vessels were worn almost to the limit. While Vice-President of the Revolutionary Military Council M. AT. Frunze wrote: "In the general course on the Navy share of revolution and civil war have fallen especially hard knocks… In total, this meant, that the fleet we have ". it was necessary to revive the navy for the protection of maritime borders of the Soviet Republic.
The Soviet Navy traces its origins to the decree on the establishment of the Workers 'and Peasants' Navy, signed in. AND. Lenin 29 January 1918 of the year. Its adoption was due to the, imperialists that intervene in the Arctic and Baltic, invaded the Ukraine, The Caucasus and the Far East. Allies supplied the White Guard fronts the sea arms and other necessities. Without such support,, He wrote to Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of C. FROM. Kamenev, forces of internal counterrevolution would have self-destructed after the first unsuccessful battles.
In these circumstances, the Soviet navy was regarded as an integral part of the unified armed forces of the Republic. He did not come out of nowhere. Got its start from the galley fleet of Peter I, won a brilliant victory at Gangut, domestic fleet has absorbed the best traditions of Russian sailing fleet, Chesme who won the victory under the command of Admiral T. A. Spiridova, captured by storm the fortress of Corfu under the leadership of Admiral P. F. Ushakova. Russian Navy become famous in the defense of Sevastopol 1854 – 1855 years under the leadership of admirals. A. Kornilov and P. FROM. Nakhimov. The domestic fleet followed the revolutionary traditions of Russian sailors, took part in the storming of the Winter Palace, in the establishment of Soviet power.
With the creation of 26 October 1917 year of the first Soviet government, led by The. AND. Lenin as part of SNK was established for Military and Naval Affairs Committee. It went in and P. E. Dybenko - the first chairman of the Central Committee of the Baltic Fleet.
29 January 1918 People's Commissars chaired in. AND. Lenin heard the report P. E. Dybenko on the draft decree on the creation of RSC Navy. In the decision it was stated: "To recognize the provisions of the draft, catechumen Dybenko, on the basis of ".
After the signing of the decree 30 January 1918 He has been sent to order the fleet, signed by the People's Commissioner for Maritime Affairs II. E. Dybenko and members of the board C. E. Saks and F. F. Raskolnikov, which he declared Lenin's decree. The decree stated: "…fleet, existing on the basis of universal conscription king's laws, declared uncool, and organized by the Socialist Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet ".
Pavel Dybenko
The main material base of the Navy were ships of the Baltic Fleet, Soviet sailors rescued from capture Finns and German forces. 17 February - 29 May 1918 , the Baltic sailors on the orders of the People's Commissariat for Naval Affairs was transferred to it from Revel (Tallinn) and Helsingfors (Helsinki) Kronstadt for Ice-Bound (ice thickness 70 – 75 cm, torosы to 3 m) Gulf of Finland. They were successfully relocated 236 ships, including 6 battleships, 5 cruisers, 55 эsmintsev and minonostsev, 12 submarines.
First People's Commissioner for Maritime Affairs of the Soviet Republic became the Baltic Bolshevik sailor P. E. Dybenko. For operational management activities of evolving fleets and flotillas in September 1918 bypppla year established the post of commander of the naval forces of the republic. On proposals. AND. Lenin for this position was promoted to Rear Admiral in the old fleet. M. Altfater. As marine specialist, he was instrumental in the organization of the Red Fleet, and its combat use in the defense of Petrograd against Yudenich troops. After Altvater death in April 1919 , the commander of the naval forces of the Republic became captain I rank E. A. Behrens. He participated in the development of ice hike plan 1918 year and proved to the Soviet Government on the need to sinking of the Black Sea Fleet in Novorossiysk.
With the creation of the fleet a lot of attention has been paid to the training of command staff: they were preparing for the Navy for navigator, artillery, mine, mechanical and radio-specialties courses commanders of, created on the basis of the Sea Cadet Corps. Then, in October, 1919 , these courses have been converted into school (now St. Petersburg Naval Institute). In the same year he reopened the Naval Academy (now the Naval Academy named H. D. Kuznetsova).
The Soviet Navy has successfully conducted combat operations in conjunction with the Red Army during the Civil War and military intervention. About 75 thousand. sailors fought on land fronts. In the interwar period, the fleet has gone restoration and further development. In addition to the existing Baltic and Black Sea fleets were created by the Northern and Pacific fleets. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union Navy had about 1 thousand. warships.
Gabriel Tsobehiya
