MiG-31 (NATO codification: Foxhound - fox hound) - Double supersonic all-weather fighter-interceptor of long-range. Developed in OKB-155 (nyne PAO "RSK" MiG "") in the 1970s. The first Soviet combat aircraft of the fourth generation.
MiG-31 – video
MiG-31 is designed to intercept and destroy airborne targets at extremely low, small, medium and high altitudes, day and night, in simple and difficult meteorological conditions, when applying active and passive adversary radar jammers, and false heat goals. A group of four MiG-31 is able to control the length of the air space along the front to 1100 km.
Originally intended to intercept cruise missiles over the entire range of speeds and altitudes, as well as low-flying satellites. Regiments of MiG-31 for several years had the status of special forces (SPN) as part of the air defense.
History of creation
Work on the creation of the fighter-interceptor MiG-31 (product 83, E-155MP aircraft), It began in OKB. A. AND. Mikoyan in 1968 year. In the initial phase of the work head directed constructor A. A. Chumachenko. Then, at the stage of a deep engineering design and testing, - D. E. Lozino-Lozinsky. AT 1975 year, after Gleb E. started "Burana" development, work on the creation of the aircraft headed Konstantin Vasil'chenko.
Martial fighter capabilities expected to significantly expand due to the use of the latest electronic equipment, in particular, applied for the first time radar with a passive phased-array.
Mig-31, Mig-25 built by Plane Scheme, but with a crew of two people - a pilot and co-operator, place one after the other. The prototype of the MiG-31 made its first flight 16 September 1975 of the year, at the helm it was a test pilot A. AT. Fedotov.
22 April 1976 the year began public joint tests (GSI) MiG-31. The first phase was completed in December ICG 1978 of the year. The second phase started in September 1979 year and ended in September 1980 of the year.
Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers 6 May 1981 , the fighter-interceptor MiG-31 with radar RP-31 and R-33 was adopted by the. Series production began in 1979 year.
Mig-31 replaced interceptor Tu-128.
airframe
on the basis of the MiG-25 airframe airframe of the MiG-31 aircraft developed. Mig-31 is formed by normal aerodynamic scheme with a high tapered wing, two-keel vertical and horizontal tail tselnopovorotnym.
Welded middle part of the fuselage, how and the MiG-25, It is the main strength element glider, however MIG-31 reduced the proportion of parts made of stainless steel due to the decrease of maximum aircraft speed and less heating power of the structure. In the middle part of the fuselage are seven fuel tanks. Fuel is also placed in the four and two wing tanks keel.
The housing of the MiG-31 can create additional lifting force to 25 %, poluutopleny missiles into the housing. The share of steel 50 %, titanium - 16 %, aluminum alloys - 33 %.
The nose part of the fuselage is made of aluminum alloy and includes avionics bay, the cabin crew and the equipment compartment zakabinnogo; front to bow docked radiotransparent radome radar.
Crew members are arranged in tandem, in the front cabin - Pilot, in the back - the navigator-operator. Both cabins sealed, separated by transparent partition thick Plexiglas 10 mm; they installed ejection seats K-36DM. canopy are opened back up the movable segments.
Trohlonzheronnoe wing sweep angle of the leading edge 41 has a root ° influx with a sweep angle 70 °. On the upper surface of each arm of the wing aerodynamic mounted comb. The wing has slotted flaps, ailerons and the entire length of the console chetyrohsektsionnye deflectable socks with a deflection angle of 13 °. On the outer underwing pylons provides for the suspension of two external tanks with capacity of 2500 liters.
Console tselnopovorotnogo horizontal tail can be deflected synchronously (for pitch control), and differentially (for roll control).
Dvuhkilevoe vertical tail, set with a camber angle of 8 °, equipped with rudders. Under the aft fuselage with collapse of 12 ° the ridges are located aerodynamic.
control aircraft MiG-31 - Mechanical. Gargrot, located on the top middle part of the fuselage, covers the wiring (cables and rigid rod).
At the bottom of the fuselage in front of the niches are main landing gear brake pads, performing both functions gear doors. The main landing gear of aircraft equipped with a support trolley with two wheels dimensions 950 × 300 mm; cleaned forward. The rear wheel main bearing disposed shifted outwards relative to the front.
The front strut has two wheels 660 × 200 mm; Unlike the MiG-25 is retracted back.
engines
Engines D-30F6 (1979 city) were developed on the basis of civil D-30 from the Tu-134 (1967 city), with afterburner and nozzle, modular engine; bypass ratio is equal to 3.
The motor has a five-stage low pressure compressor, as a ten high pressure compressor, tubular- annular combustor, high and low-pressure-stage turbine. The maximum gas temperature at the turbine inlet is 1660 TO.
The afterburner is provided with rings, ensuring combustion stability, supersonic nozzle has a flared portion special plate valves for air admission and removal of pressure pulsations in the exhaust gas stream. Fuel injection method is used to run augmentor "fire track". In the process of the engine in the observed vibrogorenie afterburner, We solved the problem installing the "fifth united collector".
The engine used titanium alloys, nickel and steel. Dry weight of the engine - 2416 kg.
engine intake - side, increased, in comparison with MIG-25, section; the amount of incoming air to the engine is regulated by the lower flaps and the upper horizontal ramp automatically depending on the height and speed of flight.
fire control system
The basis of the armament control system MiG-31 is a pulse-Doppler radar (BRLS) passive phased-array (PFAR) RP-31 N007 "Barrier" Research Institute of Instrument Development (g. Zhukovsky). MiG-31 became the first fighter in the world, radar-equipped with a phased antenna array (Phare) and he was the only fighter with this serial 1981 by 2000 year (before entering into service of the French Dassault Rafale fighter). For the first time in the world of combat aircraft radar had three channels work, detection, target illumination, gosprinadlezhnosti definition.
AWACS planes A-50 and MiG-31 can be automatically exchanged between a target designation. Mig-31 can direct the target VOP terrestrial complexes.
airframe
Mig-31 is formed by normal aerodynamic scheme with a high tapered wing, two-keel vertical and horizontal tail tselnopovorotnym. MiG-31 - almost the only plane, able to intercept low-flying cruise missiles (including high-speed). Capable of hitting the satellite at an altitude of 120 km. Can intercept targets, flying speeds of up to M = 5.
Radar «Shelter»
RP-31 N007 "Barrier" was developed Research Institute of Instrument (g. Zhukovsky). Put into service in 1981 year. Radar performs tasks: automatic detection and tracking of targets and guidance on these missiles.
– The detection range of air targets such as "bomber" (ESR = 19 m², probability 0,5) in the forward hemisphere: 200 km.
– EPR 5 m² - 180 km.
– The detection range of air targets such as "fighter" (ESR = 3 m², probability 0,5) in the rear hemisphere: 35 km.
horizontally 140 °, vertically from -60 ° to + 70 °.
– The number of detected targets: 24.
– Channel for CO - 8, Besides automatically selected 4 priority.
– Range of automatic tracking - 120 km, as a destructive force.
– Detection of thermal purposes: 56 km.
In particular (detection): F-16 — 120 kilometers, B-1B - 200 kilometers.
Corner area simultaneous firing of several rockets targets for MIG-31 is 18200 square degrees (for the F-14 only 420 square °).
long-range missiles on the target can be induced in a slightly less than the range +/- 120 degrees (F-14 only +/- 20).
MiG-31BM from the 790 Fighter Kutuzova III Order degrees air regiment, Hotilovo base
Radar «Shelter-M»
The project completed in 1998 year, admission to the troops 2008 of the year. The upgraded MiG-31BM maximum detection range of aerial targets is increased to 320 km, defeat - to 280 km, it is not available to any other fighter, compared, the maximum range of the defeat of the nearest competitor in range F / A-18 Super Hornet less on 100 kilometers. On automatic tracking will be accepted until ten goals, and "Barrier" latest systems monitor up to twenty-four goals and also can attack up to eight goals. On-board computer "Argon-K" (Research Institute "Argon") It chooses the four most important, which can be induced simultaneously four rocket "air-to-air" long-range R-33 (P-33S).
The greatest range of detection for targets with RCS 20 m² - 400 km, ESR 5 m² - 282 km.
Additional means of detection of air targets is teplopelengator 8TP, which is placed under the forward fuselage (detection range, depending on atmospheric conditions and the extent of the "heated" goals, to 56 km). When in flight position teplopelengator retracted into the fuselage, and operating - is discharged into the flow. He is conjugate with the radar and is designed for passive viewing airspace, and also for target designation R-40TD and P-60 with CBC.
Flight-navigation equipment of MiG-31 aircraft includes automatic control system SAU-155MP and sighting and navigation system KN-25 with two inertial systems IP-1-72A with digital computer "Maneuver", electronic system of short-range navigation "Radical-NP" (A-312) or A-331, electronic system of long-range navigation A-723 "Kvitok-2". Long-distance radio navigation is performed by the two systems: 'Tropical' (similar to the "Laurent" system) and "Route" (analog - system "Omega"). The composition of airborne defense system includes a receiver warning radar illumination on the ACT-15SL, equipment staging and infrared electromagnetic interference.
The aircraft is equipped with electronic warfare resources radar and IR. MiG-31 is capable of performing combat missions, interacting with the surface of automated digital control system (ASU "Attachment"), working in remote guidance modes, semi-autonomous actions (coordinate support), singly, as well as a group of four planes with automatic intercompany information exchange. Digital Interference communication system provides an automatic exchange of tactical information in a group of four interceptor, remote from one another at a distance 200 km (for the ground points to the range 2000 km) and guidance to the target group of fighters, having less powerful avionics (In this case the aircraft functions as a guidance point, or repeater). Mig-31 is able to direct at the target to the four planes Mig-23/29, Su-19/27 without the inclusion of these aircraft radar. This is the only combat aircraft, able to effectively capture small-size low-flying cruise missiles. Digital noise immunity radio AK-AEW provides a two-way exchange of information with the tactical ground CP. Digital Interference equipment ADF-518 allows you to share at a distance of 200 km data on air situation with the aircraft, having a coupling device ADF-518 equipment (MiG-31, Su-27, MiG-29, A-50). You can recover a complete picture of the air situation, received on the results of the four radars and data recovery triangulation or kinematic methods. All this makes the Mig-31 is not just an interceptor, but flying headquarters for the Air Force and Air Defense, and at the same time serves as AWACS.
The principal differences between the version of the MiG-31BM
On-board radar system MIG-31BM is able to simultaneously detect up to twenty four air targets, eight of which can be simultaneously fired missiles R-33C. Improve other characteristics of the complex.
Modernized versions of the aircraft can be equipped with anti-radar missiles X-31P, H-X-25MP or 25Mpa (up to six units), anti-UR X-31A (to six), missiles air-surface X-29T and X-59 (up to three) or X-59M (Up to two units), six air bombs KAB-1500, or up to eight KAB-500 with a television or laser guided. Maximum weight of the payload is 9000 kg.
JSC "Russian Avionics" has developed a completely new layout of the two cars for him. The main drawback of the former arrangement is the lack of information about the pilot tactical situation: commander did not know, making navigator. Now in the front cabin on the right side of the dashboard mounted multifunctional LCD display size of 6 × 8 inches (similar to that used on the MiG-29 SMT). More significant changes were cab navigator-operator, wherein three such indicator is, which can be derived the most diverse information (tactical, navigation, radar, images from cameras guided weapons and the like). The aircraft also received a head-up display, replacing the former PPI.
navigation system, which is equipped with the upgraded MiG-31BM, largely unified with MiG-29 SMT (it includes a satellite navigation receiver). As a result of improvements fighter fleet of MiG-31 Russian Air Force received virtually new aircraft, having a wide range of combat application. Target speed corresponds to M = 6.
The export variant of this fighter - the MiG-31FE - can be installed and integrated with the Russian systems of weapons and Western equipment.
The term of service of the aircraft after overhaul and modernization of BM to the level of not less than 15 years.
Range of flight
For the MiG-31 with four missiles and two drop tanks, launch missiles at the middle of the road, discharge tanks suspended after their production and practical released PMC subsonic range and duration of flight are respectively 3000 km and 3 o'clock 38 minutes.
Practical subsonic range and duration without external fuel tanks and the PMK is harvested:
– without missiles: range - 2480 km, duration - 2 o'clock 44 minutes;
– four rockets and launch them on the middle of the road: range - 2400 km, duration - 2 o'clock 35 minutes;
– four missiles: range - 2240 km, duration - 2 o'clock 26 minutes.
AT 2013 the crew of the 14th Army Air Force and Air Defense of the Central Military District on the MiG-31BM set a record duration of non-stop flight on the MiG-31BM, spending in the sky 7 hours 4 minutes. flight distance was more than 8000 km with three air refueling.
modifications
Since the release of MIG-31 also developed numerous modifications plane:
MiG-31B – Continuous modification MIG-31, equipped flight refueling system; entered service in 1990 year.
MiG-31BS – MiG-31, upgraded to MiG-31B, without in-flight refueling boom.
MiG-31BSM – The modernization of the MiG-31BS 2014 years without refueling boom.
MiG-31BM – Modernization 1998 of the year, a modern version of the MiG-31 Russian Air Force. It planned to 2020 year upgrade 60 MIG Mig-31-31BM. AT 2008 year completed the first phase of the ICG, a second step in 2012.B. The upgraded aircraft will receive new weapons and radar control system, which will detect targets at ranges up to 320 kilometers and simultaneously track up to ten air targets.
MiG-31D – experimental modification, capable of carrying anti-satellite missile 79M6 "Contact". Not commercially produced.
MiG-31DZ – Serial fighter-interceptor, equipped with a flight refueling system (the location of the refueling system in the air similar to the MiG-31B). REO equipment (radar) is not subject to upgrade to the product BM. After upgrading DZ index does not change, equipment remains the same.
MiG-31And (product "Ishim") – The aircraft is designed to air launch small satellites weighing 120-160 kg orbit 600-300 km.
MiG-31LL – Flying laboratory in Zhukovsky.
MiG-31m – modernized in 1993 by fighter-interceptor with reinforced armament, radar, avionics; had a characteristic "rounded out" root form accretions. Not commercially produced.
MiG-31F – Multipurpose frontline fighter, also intended to attack ground targets (fundamentally new aircraft project).
MiG-31FE – The export version of the aircraft MiG-31BM. Not commercially produced.
MiG-31E – The export version with a simplified avionics. Not commercially produced.
MiG-31DZ Russian Air Force airbase Borisovsky Khotilovo
Exploitation
The first hooks began arriving in the air defense troops 1980 of the year. AT 1981 It began the production of the MiG-31 in Gorky. The first series consisted of only two planes, the second - of the three, third - six. All these aircraft were intended for flight tests. New interceptors began to arrive at the air defense armament 1983 year.
The first MiG-31, received 786 th IAP, stationed in Pravdinsk, and the Center of combat employment of air defense in Savasleyka. In parts of the air defense MiG-31 replaced the Su-15 and Tu-128. In September 1984 , new interceptors atonement for combat duty in the Far East - at the airport Sokol, Sakhalin island.
Mig-31 production was minimized in 1994 year. By the end 1994 year built more than 500 MiG-31 and MiG-31B.
During the 2nd Chechen War, the MiG-31 and AWACS aircraft A-50 controlled airspace of the Chechen Republic.
At this point, modernization consisting on aircraft armed to the version of the MiG-31BM, the first two came into force in 2008 year.
AT 2008 year completed the first phase of the ICG MiG-31BM, continues second.
known, what 60 MiG-31 will be upgraded to version BM, composed also remain, According to Zelin, 30-40 Mig-31 modifications RS and BS. The remaining MIG-31 (about 150 PC.) They plan to write off.
8 August 2014 of the year, during a visit to the Nizhny Novgorod aircraft building "Sokol" Plant, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin offered to resume the production of fighter.
Performance characteristics MIG-31
The crew of the MiG-31
– 2 man
The dimensions of the MiG-31
– Length: 22,69 m
– fuselage length: 20,62 m
– Wingspan: 13,46 m
– Height: 6,15 m
– wing area: 61,60 m²
– The base chassis: 7,11 m
– track chassis: 3,64 m
Weight MiG-31
– empty weight: 21820 kg
– Weight with full fuel: 39150 kg
– maximum takeoff weight: 46750 kg
– fuel weight: 17330 kg
– Payload weight: to 5000 kg
Engine MiG-31
– Engine: 2 × turbofan D-30F6
– maximum thrust besforsazhny: 2 × 9500 kgf
– thrust in afterburner: 2 × 15500 kgf
– engine weight: 2 × 2416 kg
Maximum overload of the MiG-31
– 5G
The speed of the MiG-31
– The maximum permissible speed at low altitude: 1500 kmh
– The maximum permissible speed at high altitude: 3700 kmh (M=3.1)
– Cruising speed subsonic: 950 kmh (M=0,9)
– Cruising speed supersonic: 2500 kmh (M=2,35)
– landing speed: 280 kmh
The range of the MiG-31 flight
– on high 10000 m, with M = 0,8: 1450 km
– on high 10000 m, when M = 0,8 without refueling with 2 PTB: to 3000 km
– on high 10000 m, when M = 0,8 with one refueling: to 5400 km
– on high 18000 m, when N = 2.35: 720 km
– combat radius: 720 km
– flight duration: to 3,3 no
– Practical ceiling to 30000 m (dynamic); to 20600 m (practical)
Thrust-to-weight ratio of the MiG-31
– with full fuel: 0,79
– at maximum takeoff weight: 0,66
– Rate of climb at sea level 160 m / s; at supersonic speed, H = 11 km 250 m / s
– running start: 950-1200 m
– run: 800 m
The armament of the MiG-31
One of the weapons set of options:
– odna 23mm pushka PR 6-23M (260 rounds);
– combat load - 3000 kg;
– 4 SD long-range R-33;
– 2 SD medium-range R-40T;
– 4 SD short-range R-60. P-60M.
Gun armament of the MiG-31
– 16-23 × 23mm PR boyekomplyekt 260 shells;
– rate at OU: not less than 8000 / min., at t = -60 ° C: not less than 6400 / min.
Missiles MiG-31
– Rockets placed on six suspension points (further two suspension points for PTB): four points on the body and four pylons on the wings allow, depending on the particular munition, to four long-range missiles + More to four intermediate- or small-range (including four long-range missiles and four secondary P-77);
Missiles air-to-air MIG-31
– long-range: four P-33 to 304 km (2012), six F-37 to combat the objectives of, maneuvering overload 8G to R-33 with a range of 120 km (1981) and R-33S 160 km (1999);
– medium-range: two, P-40, from 1999 using only P-40RD, range 80 km, 4,5-5Mah rocket speed, target height 0,5-30 km, maneuvering targets 4G, Four F-77, range 110 km, maneuvering targets 12G;
– short-range: Four F-60(M), four P-73 Infrared Spectrum.
Fireplace available means of air-to-surface. Laser-guided bombs weight 500 kg, and antiradar / antiship missiles Kh-31P (to 160 km), X-58, maximum mass of the payload is 9000 kg.
Photo MiG-31
Cabin MiG-31BM
