An-12 - Soviet military transport aircraft. Developed in the ASTC About. TO. Antonova.
An-12 – video
Presumably development of the An-12 aircraft was initiated by Nikita Khrushchev during a visit to the battery. During the inspection of the An-8 CPSU Central Committee First Secretary asked, which are analogues abroad, and after hearing, that all aircraft of this class are equipped with four engines, He opined, that the Soviet Union should also make planes with four engines. After that Oleg Antonov and planned future An-12.
Anne-12PS
Design
Aircraft aerodynamic scheme is the four-engine turboprop vysokoplan odnokilevym tail feathers and cargo door.
aircraft fuselage, with raised tail and a large cargo door, It provides favorable conditions for loading and unloading of bulky cargo, as well as their parachute landing. Onboard loading device (Crane beam) payload 2,8 m and easily removable conveyor facilitate and accelerate the processes of loading, mooring and unloading. The fuselage structure is almost identical with the structure of the fuselage AN-10. The main difference - the aft part of the aircraft fuselage, having a cargo hatch and a tail unit with air rifle arrow cab. In the middle part of the fuselage instead of the passenger compartment of AN-10 is a cargo compartment, the front part of the aircraft from the cockpit structurally almost identical to the front part of the AN-10. The crew cabin is sealed and separated from the non-pressurized cargo cabin pressure bulkhead with door.
aircraft landing gear has high permeability, allowing it to take off from the ground, snow-covered and ice airfields. Handling of large equipment and cargo through the cargo door in the rear part of the fuselage. Thanks to the scheme "vysokoplan" level of the loading floor of the aircraft is close to the ground, which simplifies and facilitates loading. Loading and unloading of cargo carried out using ladders, BL-board winches 52 (BL-1500 An-12B, GL-1500DP - An-12BK), crane lifting capacity 2800 kg and conveyor TG-12MV. For parachute landing techniques on platforms mounted on a plane conveyor. There are sockets on the floor for the installation of stretchers and mooring sites.
In parallel, the development of the An-10 and An-12. For aircraft engines AI-20 were selected. Origin AN-12 flew into Irkutske 16 December 1957 of the year. FROM 1959 , the plane began to be delivered to the Air Force. During the operation it permissible takeoff weight was increased to 61 t.
Design features after the unification with the production of AN-10
Due to the unification of AN-10 and AN-12, the middle part of the fuselage of AN-12 with a cargo cabin structurally coincide with the middle part of the fuselage AN-10, and in fact it has been constructive and sealed. But the rear part of the fuselage, which had a cargo door and the rail and communicates with the secondary, It was originally unsealed, and in general cargo cabin sealing is not ensured. After about production 100 the average aircraft fuselage AN-12 became released unsealed.
application
The plane was actively used for military purposes, in emergencies, for the transfer of military equipment and personnel, as for passenger and freight traffic, search and rescue of space objects, crews of manned spacecraft and aircraft, terpyashtih disaster. It became the engine of the influence of the Soviet Air Force.
The highest value of the An-12 had in the development of the Airborne Forces of the USSR. It was the first mass in the plane Military transport aircraft, Allows you to perform a mass landing as the parachutists, and Airborne combat techniques.
The plane you can take on board two airborne combat vehicles (BMD-1) or combat vehicles, made on its basis (2C9 "Nona", BTR-D) or 60 parachutists. Paratroopers in the cargo placed in four rows. Landing is made in two streams - the first desantiruyutsya fighters in the ranks of the middle, further - fighters, stationed along the boards.
An-12 is widely used as flying laboratories for the following works:
– engine test with AI-24 AB-72 for the AN-24 screws (1959 city);
– testing of the landing system of spacecraft landers (1960 city);
– samolotovozhdeniya testing of systems "Flight-1" and reset goods "Dome" for AN-22 and IL-76 (at 1961 year);
– study of aerial cameras and optoelectronic air reconnaissance systems (1965 city);
– test "Prostor" imager for generating heat maps and charts fires (1968-1971's.);
– study means of detecting missile launches, laser irradiation and operational ELINT (1971 city);
– test new ejection seats, including the pilot aft cabin, providing bailout at any angle to the horizon, as well as via a towing rocket motor (1970-years) ;
– the creation of artificial ice (LL "Tanker", 1981);
– testing new search tools submarines (1980-years).
The aircraft has proven itself as a very reliable machine, capable of operating in harsh environments, and unpretentious in service.
More 150 An-12, including their Chinese copies of Shaanxi Y-8, still operated by countries such as: Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Angola, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Moldavia, Uzbekistan and other.
One of the longest operating AN-12 aircraft was the An-12A, борт EW-338, Belarusian air cargo companies RubyStar. It was built at the Tashkent aviation plant 30 September 1961 of the year. In 1998-2007,. I operated in Bulgaria, in 2007-2010 - in Kazakhstan, from 2010 g. - in Belarus. 13 July 2016 g. during the past over Minsk hurricane force winds plane was ripped off and crashed into the ground ctoyaschy on Boeing-737-300.
AN-12 71st Navy transport squadron, Knevichi airport
Production
In the USSR, AN-12 manufactured serially in three aircraft plants in:
– Irkutsk, 1957-1962 years, 155 copies;
– Voronezh, 1960-1965 years, 258 copies;
– Tashkent, 1962-1972 years, 830 copies.
Representatives of the general designer of the factories were:
– Irkutsk - A. AND. Shivrin, A. M. Leontiev, AT. WITH. Bragilevsky, D. A. Lugovoy;
– Voronezh - H. P. Sable, A. M. Kondratyev, AT. P. Teplov, I. D. Goloborodko;
– TASHKENT -. F. Yeroshin, P. AT. Balaʙuev, X. D. Sarimsoqov, n. A. Pogorelov, I. n. Prikhodko, AND. D. Yermokhin.
Technical description
AN-12 - cantilever metal construction with the upper-wing, odnokilevym vertical tail surfaces and retractable landing gear.
The forward fuselage AN-12
Fuselage
aircraft fuselage consists of four parts: Front - compartment F1, Medium - F2, tail - FL and aft cabin F4. In serial plane F4 as a separate offline process compartment and merged with FZ. Power fuselage structure consists of 68 frames, 110 and stringers made of aluminum alloys D-16, B95, AL9 and magnesium alloys and MD8 ML5-T4. Fixing screws and parts are made of steel 30KhGSA and 40HNMA.
The front compartment is sealed. In it are actually crew cabin with five jobs and a compartment for accompanying cargo staff. Overview navigator is provided through the glazing of the fuselage toe. two emergency hatch located in the cockpit pilots: upper, for leaving the cab when the chassis without forced landings or water and lower, for the evacuation of the aircraft in the air. Cab partially armored ballistic armor plates APBL thick-1 8 mm. Chairs are bronespinki steel from steel grades of AB-548 thickness 16 mm and thickness bronezagolovniki 25 mm.
The cargo compartment AN-12
The middle part of the fuselage is not sealed, it is cargo compartment. Gender middle compartment is a major powertrain fuselage. On the floor there are nodes installation of sanitary litter and nests with mooring units. Under the floor is the main landing gear compartment, front and rear luggage space. For access to the luggage space, there are hatches in the floor and in the right side of the fuselage. On the left side of the front door is located. In the cargo hold there 3 emergency hatch, two on the left side and one on the right, and 15 window diameter 384 mm.
The tail section is tricuspid cargo hatch, two front doors open inwards towards the sides, and back - opens up to the ceiling. On the wings there is a step to pass to the rear toilet and aft cabin through a transitional flooring. Cargo door is edged on the right and left beams, which carry hinge assemblies wings. Sheathing cargo door sashes protected titanium sheets damage the ends of the rope parachute. Also compartment F3 carries attachment points of the vertical and horizontal tail.
AN-12 feed
Aft cabin AN-12
Aft fuselage comprises a sealed cab arrow aggregates and aft gun mount. Arrow provides a good view through the skylight glazing and side windows. In the lower part of the cab there arrow emergency escape hatch for aircraft in the air. Aft cabin armored partially transparent armor 110-135 mm, and an end shield is covered by a removable armored (20 mm). on airplanes, delivered to civil society organizations, Rifle aft installation partially or totally dismantled, and sometimes completely eliminates the workplace arrow, and feed sutured.
Airplanes USSR Supreme usually painted gray, CAF aircraft were white and blue livery, "Aeroflot", further painted airline airplanes at its discretion. Instrumental crew boards painted matt black paint.
Wing
Wing Design - dvuhlonzheronnoe, caisson. Technologically divided into five parts: center section, two middle (SCHK) and two console (CCC) parts. Across the span of the trailing edge of the aileron CCC is two-piece, having an internal weight balancing. Each of his section is hung on two brackets. The root section is provided with a trimmer-servo tab. The total area of the aileron - 7,84 m², deflection angles - 25 ° (up) and 15 ° (down). The entire span of the trailing edge SCHK takes a retractable double-slit with a deflector flap. The flap is suspended on a monorail using five carriages and driven by two screw lifts. The total area of the flap - 26,5 m², deflection angles - 25 ° (of vzlёte) and 35 ° (landing). To improve the controllability of the transverse plane within the tail portions SCHK, mounted plate ailerons, spoilers, put forward of the wing upwards at an upward angle nearest thereto aileron. The caissons of center and located SCHK soft fuel tanks. The internal cavity of these caissons are lined with sheets of fiberglass.
tail
Cantilever empennage, It consists of a stabilizer wheel height, keel with rudder, forkil, ventral ridge and two ends fixed to the stabilizer washers. The area of the horizontal tail - 26,1 m², vertical tail - 17,63 m², a washer - 4,0 m², forkil - 3,63 m², crest - 2,75 m². Handlebars single-spar design. The area of the elevator - 7,1 m², deflection angles - 28 ° (up) and 15 ° (down). Each half of the elevator is hung on the four brackets, and is equipped with a trimmer. The area of the rudder - 7,85 m², deflection angles - ± 24,5 °. Rudder has five sample units, Trimmer installed on it and the spring servo tab. Handlebars, trimmers and servo tab adapted aerodynamic compensation and balancing weight. Trim trim and servo tab linen.
The main rack AN-12 chassis
Chassis
The chassis includes three pillars: front, two main. The base chassis - 9,58 m, track - 4,92 m. The main landing gear retracted to the axis of symmetry of the aircraft, and the front - back on the flight. The main and the front support consists of: telescopic strut, four-wheel carts (basic) and two semi-detached wheels (lobby), skladыvayushtegosya swept, cylinder cleaning-release, Lock doors and control mechanism. Also in the main support includes a stabilizing shock absorber and strut farm. Front support - controlled, because it is composed of more part-cylinder steering damper and steering gear with a servo system. All supports are equipped with nitrogen-oil damper. Wheels main supports CT-77 size 1050 × 300 mm provided with disc brakes and the inertia sensors antiyuzovymi UA-23/2. K2-92 front wheels / 1 without brakes, size of 900 × 300 mm, they can pivot through an angle of ± 35 ° from the steering angle or a WHEEL ± 6 ° of the control pedals. Polubalonnogo pneumatic type wheels. Tire pressure main wheel - 6,5 kgf / cm, front - 5,0 kgf / cm.
Power point
The power plant consists of four turboprop engines AI-20m(to) with a four-blade metal AB-68I variable pitch propellers. AI-20 - single shaft turbofan aircraft engine 10 with an axial-stage compressor, an annular combustion chamber, 3-speed turbine, planetary gear, nerehulyruemыm reaktyvnыm nozzle. engine power takeoff mode - 4250 (4000) l. from. The engine is equipped with automatic control system, supporting a constant number of revolutions of the rotor in all its operating modes. motor control - Mechanical, wiring from engine control handle - Rope. The engine starts the starter-generators STG-12TMO. The engine is located in front of the wing nacelle. The engine is attached to the load-bearing frames of the nacelle by means of the frame with shock absorbers. Frame by means of the farm and the two struts on the front side member is fixed SCHK.
Screw
Screw AB-68I - drawing, left rotation, feathering, diameter 4,5 m. Feathering his crew made, or automatic feathering system. Conclusion screws from the feathered position forced. Translation of the blades to a minimum installation angle of the run after the landing of the aircraft provides additional deceleration due to windmilling rotor.
Preparation of the AN-12 in flight
Fuel system
It includes twenty-two soft tank, located inside the caisson and the center-SCHK. Engines are fed with fuel from its half-wing. The right and left groups of tanks interconnected by a conduit with a tap banding. The total capacity of the fuel tanks - 14270 liters. The aircraft applicable RT fuel, T-1, TC-1 and T-2. is filling ports on the upper surface of the wing tanks for gravity refueling, or it can be done centrally under pressure through the filler neck in front of the right landing gear fairing. In flight, the neutral gas system fills the space with carbon dioxide nadtoplivnoe, and this system is used as a supplementary fire-extinguishing means.
In AP modifications, BP, BK, two fuel tanks installed in the luggage compartment under the floor of the cargo compartment. This improved fuel tank system to about 24000 liters.
Hydraulic system
It consists of two independent systems - the right and left. Each system is powered by two hydraulic pumps, established, respectively, on the right and left engines. The volume of each of the hydraulic system - 60 liters. Nominal working pressure - 150 kgf / cm². The hydraulic system is charged with mineral oil AMG-10. In case of refusal of both the individual hydroelectric systems work by hand pump. When manual pump need possible to use fuel as the working fluid.
Right hydraulic system is designed to drive the flaps, basic cleaning, the landing gear, Control front support chassis, Power drives wipers and autopilot servos, emergency braking wheels and lower control escape hatch.
Left system is used to drive the flaps, primary braking wheels, feathering propellers, Control lower escape hatch, Emergency harvesting, landing gear and engine emergency stop.
Using the hand pump can provide flap release, separate landing gear, opening and closing of the gear doors, creating pressure in the left system and charging its accumulator, filling hydraulic oil tanks of both systems, and it is transferred from one tank to another. After recharging the accumulator from the left hand pump gidrosisistemy possible wheel braking hydraulic pumps failed at the left and right hydraulic. Also, the hydraulic system is designed to open and close the valves of the cargo hatch.
oil system
Each motor has an independent oil system, with a capacity of oil tank - 58 liters, which provides an oil flow for lubrication and cooling of the engine, Control propeller, PCM operation and management system. Under the air intake of the engine nacelle is mounted cell, adjustable oil cooler. Circular korotokozamknutaya oil system with oil circulation, bypassing the oil tank. total volume of each of the engine system 110 liters. oil system is operated TSPPD (the central panel of the dashboard).
fire protection system
It consists of six fire extinguishers OS-8M, fire alarm system MSP-2A, piping and spray headers. All fire extinguishers grouped into three stages of two each. The first stage is discharged into compartment automatically threatened by the signal sensor MOP, others included senior flight engineer (onboard engineer) vessel. When an emergency landing of the aircraft from the limit switches under the skin on the lower surface of the fuselage trigger all extinguishers, directing the extinguishing agent in all compartments. Fire system equipped with fuel compartments wing and engine nacelle.
Control system
mechanical, bezbusterny. rudders and ailerons controlled by rigid rods, them connected servos PA5-VP autopilot AP-28d. The elevators control system installed spring zagruzhateli. Posting control trimmers elevators and locking mechanisms - Rope. Management trimmers ailerons and rudders - by-wire. Plate ailerons, spoilers are connected to the tie rods aileron. The aircraft is equipped with a mechanical locking system on the ground rudders and ailerons, interlocked with the engine management system.
Electrical
The on-board electrical system provides power to DC voltage 28 AT, variable (with frequency 400 Hz) phase current voltage 115 The three-phase current and voltage 36 AT. Each of the four engines installed on two starter-generator GH-1000-12TMO, which are the main sources of DC, reserve - 17 batteries 12-SAM-28, located in the chassis fairings. Also mounted on the engine generator according to one of CDF-12 to provide a variable phase current consumers. Reserve source of AC single-phase power converter is software-1500 (PO-750), a connected DC. Two transducer PT-1500TS (PT-1000TS) (primary and backup) and one converter PAG-1FP serve as sources of AC three-phase current. Distribution Networks, DC and AC single phase power supply - single-ended, three-phase - three-wire insulated zero. Airfield power constant and variable phase current through the corresponding connectors, located in the rear part of the right cowl chassis. With the engine stopped and the absence of appropriate aerodrome power converter IN-1500 is used for testing on the ground AC single-phase current consumers.
This description corresponds to early releases of aircraft.
On later models, somewhere from the beginning of the 1960s, instead 17 battery was set 7 in the right niche chassis, and was placed in the left standby turbine generator TG-16M and the DC voltage generator 28,5V HS-24A.
Workplace navigator AN-12
Piloting and navigation equipment
It provides a definition of position and heading of the aircraft and a flight on a given route. Piloting and navigation equipment (ARO) It facilitates the piloting of aircraft in bad weather and at night. PNA consists of an electro-hydraulic autopilot AP-28D1, ESP system KS-6D, astrocompass DOC-DB-5, Magnetic compasses KI-13, autonomous navigation system US-1B1-28, aviagorizontov AGD-1, direction indicator of ET-53, automatic navigation device ANB-1 with the track or DISS 013, barometric altimeter VD-10, variometer VAR-30-3, the combined cursor speed ASC-1200, thermometer naruzhnej air TNV 15 hours and ASF-1 and AVRM. On BK modifications set PNK-1, mounted compass system TKS-P, CPT-M, NPP, providing flights in the magnetic correction, and in the conventional coordinate system, allowing to carry out the piloting of aircraft in director mode.
Cabin An-12
Prior to the cockpit in the An-12 is a small room crew rest. Unlike the cargo hold pressure is maintained here.
Radiooborudovanie
Aircraft radio equipment designed to implement the two-way telephone and telegraph communication with the ground and in the air between aircraft, vnutrisamolotnoy telephone, as well as to solve navigation tasks samolotovozhdeniyu and landing in difficult weather conditions, day and night.
The structure of radio communication equipment includes: Jets intercom SPU-7; command VHF P-863 2 kit; KB-station P-856m 2 kit. It is possible to listen to an external connection through the ARC-11 receiver.
Radio navigation equipment consists of priomoindikatora aircraft position in the hyperbolic coordinate system, Repair blind landing SP-50, altimeter RV-2 signaling C-2B, two automatic radio compass ARK-11 and marker receiver MRP-56P.
Also on board there is a radar I-4(RBP-3). At the present time is set PNK-1 radar. Blocks of radio devices are powered by the DC and AC single phase power supply networks.
Equipped RSKM-3 system to fly in combat formations.
oxygen equipment
It provides short-term oxygen supply all crew members. Blue crew seats are equipped with stationary devices oxygen CSW-30, in case of emergency escape has six parachute oxygen devices KP-23.
An-12BK
defrost system
It consists of an air-heat and electrical systems. Warm air is bled from the engine compressor and enters the air-thermal de-icing system (PIC), which protects against icing wing socks, front edge of the air intakes (inlet guide vanes) nacelles and tunnels oil cooler. Also, warm air inside the cabin blown glass navigator lamps and pilots to prevent misting, as well as niche chassis locks retracted and landing gear position, cargo compartment.
Schematic PIC protects the blade screw, socks keel, stabilizer, receivers and the front air pressure triplex glass lanterns, and sensor AUASP. Provided heating batteries niche.
Landing and transport equipment
Loading and unloading of self-propelled vehicles produced under its own power using loading bridges, propelled - by using the on-board winch BC-52 (BL-1500 An-12B, GL-1500DP - An-12BK). Beskolosnyh handling cargo weighing up to 2000 kg performed using crane. For paradrop art and cargoes on platforms and in standard packages installed on aircraft conveyor TG-12.
Armament An-12
It consists of artillery and bombing armament.
artillery armament
gun armament system PV-23U. Consists of a turret DB-65U with two 23-mm guns AM-23, electrical remote control and sighting tower-computing unit. ammunition - 700 shells (by 350 the barrel), rate - 1250-1350 rds / min.. the barrel.
bomber weapons
– 2 FOTAB-100-80 photographic bombs or 2 backsight night-signaling bomb 100 or NOSAB 2 day backsight signal-bombs DOSAB 100 for dropping a beam holders;
– 6 color backsight signal-bombs TSOSAB-10 or 6 night backsight naval bombs Omaboe-25-8N or 6 backsight day naval bombs Omaboe-25-12D or 6 radiosondes to drop out of the box-holder AH-CC-AT;
– 70 aviabomb calibration 100 kg (OFAB, tooth) or 29-32 aviabomb calibration 250 kg (OFAB, tooth, PTAB, RBC) or 18 aviabomb calibration 500 kg (FAB, tooth, FZAB, or 18 aviamin UDM-500 to drop from the conveyor TG-12MB.
For precision bombing and dumping of the payload in the cabin navigator installed NKPB 7-Sight. Two outer beam bomb racks arranged in front of the chassis and two cowls - the rear portion inside. AH-holder drawer SS-AT for vertical suspension 6 bombs, located in the aft fuselage section.
If necessary, the rear cargo door sash set one day a camera AFA-42 or one night's AT-MC / 25.
modifications
An-12 (product "T") - basic. The Irkutsk aircraft factory in 1959-1962 years released 154 aircraft.
Anne-12A (Products "TA") - the first production version. Different engines AI-20A, increased to 16600 l fuel reserve. Takeoff weight increased to 61 t, Capacity - up to 20 t. Produced at the Voronezh aircraft factory (1961—1965) and the Tashkent aviation plant (1961—1972). manufactured 155 Flight. In the future airplanes got underground fuel tanks and have been designated the AN-12AP.
An-12B corporation “Irkut”
AN-12B (Products "TB") - upgraded. Characterized by a reinforced center section, increased to 19500 l fuel reserve, turbogenerator set TG-16. issued with 1963 year at the Voronezh aircraft factory and the Tashkent aviation plant. In the future airplanes got underground fuel tanks and have been designated the AN-12BP.
AN-12B (LIAT) - Laboratory studies of aeronautical engineering. It is intended for work in the field of flight accidents. converted 1 aircraft in 1972 year.
An-12B "Kubrick" - aircraft for the study of infrared radiation surface, ground and air targets. made in 1969 year.
An-12B-30 - with an increased capacity of up to 30 t (project). Notable for engines AI-20DK and screw diameter 5,1 m. developed in 1963 year.
En-1-12BZ, En-2-12BZ - flying laboratory for testing refueling system in air (project). developed in 1969 year.
An-12B-I - aircraft EW. Different stations of the individual electronic countermeasures "Beans". AT 1964 year built 7 Flight.
An-12B-PP - director of group protection interference on the basis of AN-12B.
An-12BK (product "TBA") - upgraded. Characterized by renewed avionics and engines AI-20M. cargo compartment width increased to 3,12 m. issued with 1966 year at the Tashkent aviation plant.
An-12BK
An-12BK - commercial. Designed for civil aviation. Notable for the absence of defensive weapons.
An-12BK-SSC "Zebra" - airborne command post (project). Equipped with means of communication and 18 jobs for the operational and administrative calculation.
An-12BK-IS - aircraft EW. On board are installed "Beans" station and "Lilac". Subsequently, instead of the "Bean" Set Stations "Barrier". AT 1970 year made 45 Flight, at 1974 he converted more 105.
En-12BKV - bomber and the director of mines. Could carry 12 tons of bombs. AT 1969 , several aircraft manufactured.
En-12BKK "Capsule" - airplane salon commander BTA. Equipped with a pressurized cabin, capsule on 20 human. AT 1975 It was converted 1 aircraft.
En-12BKT - tactical aviation aircraft refueling. Could at the same time to fill in the land 2 aircraft (given off fuel amount 19500 l). developed in 1972 year.
En-12BKTS "Cyclone" - laboratory for the study of meteorological processes. AT 1979 he converted 2 An-12BK.
An-12BL - aircraft, protivolokatsionnym missile equipped X-28 complex. AT 1970 It was converted 1 AN-12B.
An-12BM - aircraft to study the possibility of long-distance radio communications via satellite "Molniya-1". AT 1962 It was converted 1 AN-12B.
An-12BK-PP - aircraft electronic warfare (group protection). Installed "Bouquet" station and "Beans", chaff discharge machines APT-22.
An-12BK-PPS
An-12BK-PPS- modified aircraft electronic warfare. Additionally installed two "Lilac-D" station, machines ASO-2I with infrared jamming cartridges and disassembling the automatic ejection of dipoles APP-22. Total operated 19 machines. Subsequently plane undergone refining - increased number of "lilac" stations to four, of the aircraft received a stern defensive gun mount.
En-12BSM - civilian aircraft to transport standard containers Unified Aircraft. Notable presence of two crane girders and roller tracks. could carry 8 Pallet PA-2.5 or 4 BY-5.6, 8 VAR-2,5 containers or 4 NAC-5A. developed in 1973 year.
En-12BSH, En-12BKSH - aircraft for group training navigators. The cargo cabin is equipped 10 work places. AT 1970 he converted several aircraft.
Anne-12E - prototype with a larger diameter fuselage. developed in 1965 year. Equipped with engines AI-20DK with a diameter screws 5,1 m. Takeoff weight increased to 83 t.
Anne-12E Oops - with the boundary layer control system (project).
En-12LL - several flying laboratories. Over the years, converted several aircraft.
Anne-12M - upgraded. Different engines AI-20DM power 5180 l. from., propellers AV-68DM. made in 1972 year in one copy.
An LL-12M - flying laboratory for testing ejection systems. Different cabin aft swivel. made in 1975 year.
Anne-12n - with the underground fuel tanks. issued with 1963 of the year. By AN-12P in 1963-1989 years were finished AN-12A and AN-12B (are designated the An-An-12AP and 12BP). An aircraft on-12BP partially changed radio equipment.
AN-12FL - Polar on a ski fixed landing gear. AT 1961 year built 2 aircraft.
En-12FR- jammer to the station group protection "Bouquet". constructed 27 machines
Anne-12PS
Anne-12PS - Search and Rescue. Has on board a rescue boat, "Ruff" and "loon". developed in 1969 year.
An-12P - with increased up to 25 t lifting capacity (project). Notable turbofan D-36. developed in 1962 year.
En-12RU - from 2 launching boosters PRD-63 (project). developed in 1962 year.
En-12SN - special-purpose aircraft (project). I intended to transport the T-54 by a distance 1500 km. Notable for engines AI-20DK, additional TRD RD-9, increased cargo compartment, abbreviation equipment composition. developed in 1965 year.
An-12T - toplivovoz (experienced). Intended for transportation of fuels, including rocket. made in 1961 year.
An-12 "Tanker" - vodoraspylivayuschaya flying laboratory to create artificial icing conditions. Notable water tank at 8000 l in the cargo, vodoraspylivayuschim collector front of the wing. converted 1 aircraft in 1981 year.
En-2-12TP - aircraft for polar aviation. Different turbogenerator TG-16 in the left landing gear fairing, underground fuel tanks, means celestial and distant radio, Resting place in support of the cockpit. In September 1961 He took part in the long flight from Moscow to peace (26423 km).
En-12U - with the boundary layer control system (project). developed in 1962 year.
An-12UD
An-12UD - extended range aircraft. developed in 1960 year. Characterized by two additional fuel tanks total capacity 7600 l (bomber from 3M). In this fuel supply was 21870 l.
En-3-12UD - extended range with three additional tanks in the cargo.
An-40 - Transport Stol (project). Notable for engines AI-30, additional overclocking TRD RD-36-35. developed in 1964 year.
An-42 - version of the An-40 with thrust vector control system (project).
"Article 51" - Scout radioactive contamination of the atmosphere based on the An-12BP. Notable filtrogondolami air intake, dosimeters DP-3B, laboratory equipment. produced in 1968-1969 years.
"The product 93T" - flying laboratory for metrological maintenance and inspection ACA on the basis of AN-12B. converted 1 aircraft in 1972 year.
Shaanxi Y-8 - Chinese version of the An-12BK. built in the years 1974-1993 667 aircraft of various modifications. As of 2012 year aircraft release continues. In 1960 China purchased several An-12, and the license for their production. Serial production of the AN-12 in the PRC under the designation of Shaanxi Y-8, due to rupture of the Soviet-Chinese relations, It was only launched in 1981 year. As of 2012 Year of production continues in China Shaanxi Y-8.
Shaanxi Y-9 - deep modernization Shaanxi Y-8, adopting PLA 2012 year.
combat application
Aircraft An-12 fought in various theaters of operations.
The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
Soviet transport workers have played an important role in the entry of the USSR invasion of Czechoslovakia 1968 of the year: An-12 and An-22 brought five thousand soldiers.
Afghan war
During the Afghan war of 1979-1989 aircraft An-12 is constantly supplied with air contingent of Soviet troops, Flying from the USSR in Bagram and Kabul. All the war was lost 11 An-12. A number of cars received the Afghan Air Force, some of them later went to the seizure of power in Afghanistan, the Taliban.
Flight of the aircraft An-12, abduction during the war from the territory of Afghanistan, the body of the fallen Soviet soldiers (load 200), It was the informal name "Black Tulip". Because, that the cargo compartment of the aircraft AN-12 is not sealed, zinc coffins were sealed not. Visited Afghanistan concerts Alexander Rosenbaum dedicated to the fallen soldiers of the song "Black Tulip", was incorporated into the feature film "Afghan Breakdown".
Indo-pakistanskaya war
One of the first to use them in battles India. Her planes supplied troops during the border conflicts with China and Pakistan. The Indo-Pakistani War 1971 , the aircraft AN-12 and used as bombers, Warehouse striking near the boundary in Kashmir Thus AN-12 were taken before 16 tons of bombs. 12 January 1982 , the AN-12 and C-119 landed paratroopers battalion to surround the capital of Bangladesh.
War in Africa
AT 1964 , Egyptian An-12 transporting weapons and supplies for the rebels in Congo. FROM 1962 by 1967 years, these planes were used to support the Egyptian troops, fought in Yemen. In the Six Day War 1967 , they apply restrictions. In the war 1973 , the AN-12 was used again for the logistics, and a squadron of Soviet An-12FR used in the Municipality for electronic warfare. AT 1967 An 12 year-supplied federal troops in the war against the Nigerian Biafran separistov.
Ethiopia began to buy Soviet weapons after the imposition in 1977 year US embargo on arms supplies to this country. Among the first An-12 were put in force against Eritrean rebels. Iraq has also applied its AN-12 in the Iran-Iraq war. Iraqi cars were used for maritime surveillance, targeting and for refueling. During the Gulf War, 1991 years at least two of them were killed on the runway English stormtroopers.
other
In 1994-1996, the Russian An-12 was used to transport troops and equipment in Mozdok during the First Chechen War.
An-12 is widely used for the removal of refugees in various critical situations in different parts of the world, in this case due to lack of seats of the passengers flew standing. Maximum passenger capacity at the same time confined to the cargo compartment size and centering of the aircraft. Known transport case 283 people in 1975 year in Somalia.
Accident An-12 in Afghanistan. The aircraft was written off
Accidents
According to unofficial data, on 18 May 2016 as a result of disasters and serious accidents were lost not less than 225 aircraft An-12.
operators
Military
– Azerbaijan - 1 An-12, as of 2016 year
– Angola - 6 An-12, as of 2016 year
– Belarus - 3 An-12, as of 2016 year
– Yemen - a certain amount of AN-12, as of 2016 year
– Kazakhstan - 2 An-12, as of 2016 year
– Côte d'Ivoire - 1 An 12-whack, on 2016 year
– Myanmar - 2 An-12, as of 2016 year
– Russia - 36 An-12, 3 Anne-12PS and 67 An-12BK, as of 2016 year
– Uzbekistan - 26 AN-12 / AN-12FR, as of 2016 year
– Ethiopia - 3 An-12, as of 2016 year
Performance characteristics of the AN-12
– units produced: 1248 (Only in the USSR)
An-12 crew
– 5 + 1 human
An-12 passenger capacity
– 90 the soldiers or 60 parachutists.
Engine An-12
– Turboprop engine AI-20M 4h4250 e. l. from.)
The dimensions of the An-12
– wingspan 38,015 m
– the length of the aircraft 33,109 m
– height 10,525 m
Dimensions of cargo cabin of An-12
– length 13,5 m
– maximum width 3-3,5 m
– maximum height 2,4-2,6 m
Weight An-12
– takeoff weight 61 t
– the equipped empty weight 50 t
– aircraft without fuel mass 36,7 t
Payload An-12
– Maximum payload 21 t
– landing 58 t
– fuel supply 22,066 t
An 12-speed
– the maximum speed of true 660 kmh
– cruising speed true 570 kmh
– Required runway length (MCA conditions, at sea level) 900-2200 m depending on the take-off weight
Practical ceiling AN-12
– operational ceiling 7200-8600 m
– maximum 10000 m
Flight range of An-12
– 5530 km (Ferry)
Photo An-12
An-12BK
An-12BK
An-12BK
An-12BK
An-12BK
