AT 1948 g. in OKB AN. Tupoleva started preliminary design range bomber swept wing to replace the piston Tu-4. Meanwhile, the task of designing jet bomber Il-46 received OKB SV. Ilyushin. Nevertheless, work in the OKB AN. Tupolev did not stop and took the initiative to. Working together with TsAGI, We solved the problems of aerodynamic configuration for heavy aircraft with swept wings. The project received the designation of "88", and the official - Tu-16.
Tu-16 – video
Considered various embodiments layout plane. Among them was a project, proposed by AA. Tupolev - the son of the chief designer, twin-engined, pressed to the fuselage. After preliminary assessments AN. Tupolev leaves the government with a proposal on the plane "88", ensuring you get the best performance, than that of IL-46. A. N. Tupolev every morning came to the brigade S.M.Egera, where there was a final layout of the aircraft, acquainted with the state of affairs, made changes and sent to the mockup shop.
Chief designer of the Tu-16 was appointed DS. Markov. Placing the engines in the wing root can reduce interference resistance in the junction area of the wing with the fuselage. That the gas stream is not directed to the fuselage, engines deployed - set them at an angle to the plane of the plane of symmetry. The fuselage of the aircraft pressurized cabin with two ejection seats were located. Roomy gruzootseke located behind the rear spar of center and was surrounded by a strong longitudinal the beams. Defensive armament consisted of seven AM-23 guns, one fixed on the starboard side of the forward fuselage, two at the top, below and aft installation.
By the end 1951 g. the first prototype was assembled. The first flight of the aircraft, "88/1" has committed 27 April 1952 g. with a crew led by a test pilot NS. Rybko. The first prototype was significantly peretyazhelena, which affected the flight data. In order not to disrupt the scheduled release of the first mass-produced cars, A. N. Tupolev take a bold decision to launch a series of facilitated variant of the Tu-16. The first production aircraft Tu-16 began to arrive in the early part of the Air Force 1954 g. Serial production of the aircraft was made in Kazan, Kuibyshev and Voronezh. All three production plant before the end of 1963 g. released 1509 copies, including two experienced. During this time, production plants were produced 11 major modifications. The production of these bombers had been established in China (N-6). Finally 1981 g. the total loss of the Tu-16 in the Air Force and the Navy made 106 machines. Several bombers were delivered to Egypt, Iraq. Also participated in the Afghan war. After 1991 g. All these aircraft were retired.
Modification of the Tu-16
Tu-16A - the aircraft carrier nuclear weapons;
Tu-16R - reconnaissance plane;
TU-16 "3" - tanker aircraft with wing refueling system; Tu-16KS - missile-airplane for COP-1 two-aircraft missiles; Tu-16K-10 - aircraft missile, aircraft missile K-JUS carrier; Tu-16K-16 - aircraft missile, carrier cruise missiles KSR-2; Tu-16K-26 - aircraft missile, carrier cruise missiles KSR-5; Tu-16 "Christmas tree" - aircraft-jammer;
Tu-16 "Cyclone" - aircraft for meteorological research;
Tu-16C "Frigate" - aircraft with lifeguard rescue boat.
Performance characteristics of the Tu-16
– chief designer: D. FROM. Markov
– First flight: 27 April 1952 of the year
– Getting Started: 1954 year
– End of operation: 1993 year (in Russia)
– years of production: 1953 — 1963
– units produced: 1 507 production and 2 experienced
– unit cost: 800 500 convertible rubles (on 1967 year)
The crew of the Tu-16
– 6-7 human, depending on the modification
Dimensions TU-16
– Wingspan: 33,0 m
– Length: 34,8 m
– Height: 10,4 m
– wing area: 164,65 m²
– Wing loading: 460 kg / m
Weight Tu-16
– Weight: the empty plane: 37 200 kg
– Weight: normal takeoff: 72 000 kg
– Weight: maximum takeoff: 79 000 kg
– fuel weight: 36000 kg
The engines of the Tu-16
– 2× TRD-3M RD or RD-3M-500
– pull: 2× 9650 (emergency mode 2 10650) kgf
– thrust-to-weight ratio: 0,24
The speed of the Tu-16
– maximum: 1050 kmh
– cruising: 850 kmh
Range of flight of the Tu-16
– 5925 km
– Ferry range, km: 7200
– combat radius: 3150 km
Practical ceiling Tu-16
– 12 800 m
Armament of the Tu-16
cannon: System PV-23 (9-A-036) - 7 × 23 mm cannons AM-23 (Three twin tower installations with remote control and one fixed gun in the bow). Tu-16-K-10 - 6 Pusek AM-23 (Three twin tower installations with remote control).
bomb-load: 8900 kg in weapons bay (able to bear the FAB-9000 or a nuclear bomb).
Missiles: In maritime embodiment, missile TU-16 K-10-26 performed with two flights of KSR-5 missiles (one under the wings), and one missile K-10C under the fuselage (Semi-flush in the bomb bay). Combat load in this embodiment was 12410 kg.
Photo Tu-16
