Multiple launch rocket system (RSZO) 9K57 Hurricane is designed to engage manpower, lightly armored and armored vehicles of infantry and tank units in the enemy concentration areas and on the march, destruction of command posts, communication nodes and objects military and industrial infrastructure, remote installation of anti-tank and anti-personnel minefields in the combat zone at a distance from the 10 to 35 km.
MLRS 9K57 Uragan – video shooting
Given the adoption of the service in 1963 year Field reactive system M-21, Tula State Scientific Research Institute of precision engineering on its own initiative in 1963-1964 years spent searching work in order to study the possibility of creating a more powerful system on the amount of explosive in the volley, a long-range, by means of which it would be possible to solve in online combat missions at distances ranging from 10 to 35-40 km.
In June 1964 year to the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering for review was sent “Field MLRS system project “Hurricane” with a range of projectile 35 km. The draft of the proposed system, having high maneuverability, speed mobility up 70 kmh, high maneuverability and the ability to fire the opening salvo in a short time, which could be used to deal with manpower, both unsheltered, and nestled in a field-type constructions, firepower, tanks, nuclear and chemical weapons and other purposes and objects of the enemy at ranges up to 35-40 km.
By order of the Ministry of Defense Industry (MOS), dated 28.12.1966 of the year, at 1967 year started research “Creating a high-precision missile systems of volley fire “Hurricane” (NV-121-66). The work was finished in December 1967 year confirming the possibility of obtaining desired characteristics, The theoretical elaborations, Engine bench tests, stabilizer disclosure delay mechanism, release mechanism, aerodynamic blowdown and firing projectiles model and is recommended to carry out development work (OCD).
The results of this work have been approved by the subsection section №1 1 NTS IOM and the topic was recommended for OCD after elimination of these shortcomings. There are other data, according to which 1967 year was completed the implementation of the research topics and developed a draft design of the complex, Bench tests confirmed projectile launcher units and, as well as the testing model shooting projectiles.
Complex "Hurricane" with the above characteristics superior native "Grad" system and significantly superior to known domestic examples of, therefore it is recommended to carry out development work. On the basis of the order Minister engineering and defense industry by Minister 27 February 1968 year №18 / 94 on the basic requirements v.ch. 64176 ( ish. № a / 774 378 from 30 Martha 1968 of the year) in the III quarter of 1968. development of preliminary design was completed complex "Hurricane".
Complex "Hurricane" was intended to suppress and destroy enemy troops and equipment in the field focusing on the range of up to 35 km.
The complex was designed as a part of:
– neupravlyaemogo reaktivnogo shells;
– fighting machine;
– command vehicle;
– Freight loading vehicle.
For complex "Hurricane" was the possibility and feasibility of creating a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, the warhead in a special filling, and cluster warheads fragmentation. These combat units were recommended for development and design development.
By combat units to remote mining antipersonnel and antitank mines and firing it was often necessary to carry out research with the production and testing of prototypes. As a result of avtoproekta it has shown the possibility of using electronic zeroing in order to improve the accuracy of shooting. In the case of electronic zeroing accuracy "Hurricane," the complex could be obtained better than ± 1000 m.
The car radio zeroing could be created in the form of self-command vehicle, as well as a modification of the combat vehicle. In the latter embodiment, the apparatus for placing electronic zeroing should be the number of rails was reduced. The question of the feasibility of establishing in "Hurricane" radio pristelki demanded further elaborations.
Preliminary design of the complex "Hurricane" was approved 2 the General Directorate (Finally ref. № I-6226 from 27.II.68g.) and the decision of subsection №2 section №I NTS Minmasha (ish. I-6224 from 4.I2.68g.) and it is recommended to carry out development work. There is also evidence, whereby in order to eliminate these disadvantages, discovered during research, MM based on the order and PMOS №18 / 94 1968 Preliminary design was developed missile systems of volley fire “Hurricane” and in September 1968 , the work was recommended to carry out R & D (of document TULGOSNIITOCHMASH (g.Tula) the beginning of the 70s).
AT 1969 year - beginning 1970 , the work was carried out on the preparation and adjustment of the tactical and technical requirements for the developmental work: "Army multiple launch rocket system," "Castle 3" (at the beginning of the changes 1970 , the "Hurricane"). probably, this is a military unit №0010 TTT 64176. Its members were to enter combat vehicle, transport vehicle, command vehicle, Arsenalnoye equipment. We offer the following types of warheads: Blast (to specify the crushing casing), cluster fragmentation, tape for remote mining areas. The decision to develop other types of combat units (kumulyatyvnoy, incendiary, campaign and a special filling) It should have been taken by the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Machine Building on the results of pilot project in the II quarter 1970 of the year . In the design of projectiles had to be used alone for all types of warheads jet engine for solid fuel nozzle with unregulated (nozzles) throughout the operating temperature range. Interchangeable nozzles were not allowed. As a base suggested ZIL-135LM chassis. At the stage of conceptual design we had to be worked out options for combat and transport vehicles on the chassis of a tracked transporter-tractor MT-C (cm. version of the TTT for the MLRS “City 3” (“Hurricane”) and TK for revision of the system for the commander's car “City 3” (“Hurricane”). The number of guide was set to 20 using chassis ZIL-135LM and 24 – using a chassis MT-C. However, the exact number was updated on a review of preliminary design. As the base of the transport car is also an option for KrAZ-253 truck wheel chassis.
Work on creating a system of "Hurricane" were carried out on the basis of the USSR Council of Ministers Resolution of 21 January 1970 year №71-26 (Order of the Minister of Engineering 28 January 1970. №33). In January-February 1971 year in order to verify events, associated with the work to increase the firing range, We had to be planned firing projectiles system “Hurricane” installation of the ballistic carriage ML-20 in an amount 30 pcs. They were to be delivered shells with three kinds of feathers:
– blade type, with a thickness of 7mm pen, and the disclosure of feathers at 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the projectile (There was probably due to an angle of 90 °);
– by shell scheme “city”;
– combined (combining the projectile tail “city” and blade type).
When in the purges TSAGI embodiments shells with three types of feathers positive results were obtained. Margin of stability was ~12%. In a letter dated 26 April 1972 year referred to the work of GRP pipes for directing packets 9P140 and 9P139 combat vehicles. AT 1972 year TulgosNIItochmash perform work on NV2-154-72 “A single-channel system to angular stabilization type projectiles “city” and “Hurricane” (beginning of work – 1 neighborhood 1972 of the year, ending – 2 neighborhood 1973 of the year).
AT 1972 by finding the design of single-channel angular stabilization system was carried out in two directions:
– based on the angular velocity sensor using a gas-dynamic actuators bodies;
– Based on the contact angles of the sensor with solid propellant pulsed actuating bodies.
According to the report on the work in TulgosNIItochmash 1972 year, at 1972 by theoretical calculations have been carried out, simulation of analog electronic machines, experimental laboratory studies of single-channel angular stabilization system and its elements for unguided missiles type “city” and “Hurricane: basic requirements for the system and its components have been identified.
angular displacement sensor is a part of a single-channel system angular stabilization, elektronnopreobrazovatelny unit, executive bodies gazodinamicheskogo (or pulse) type. It has been determined, that use a single-channel system to angular stabilization type projectiles “city” and “Hurricane” improves their characteristics on the accuracy of shooting 1,5-2 fold. At the corner elements stabilization systems have been developed drawings, model samples made and tested under laboratory conditions. At the time of the report or of the party as the production of blocks of single-channel angular stabilization system for flight tests.
RSZO 9K57 “Hurricane” firing on positions of the Mujahideen in Afghanistan
AT 1972 year, Based on the order chief 2 The Main Department of the Ministry of Machine Building 20 December 1970 year №17, TulgosNIItochmash performs research work on the topic “Investigation of ways to create a long-range shells for systems of type “city” and “Hurricane” (topic NV2-110-71g). In accordance with the targets topics, It was carried out theoretical and experimental work, which demonstrated the ability to increase the range of firing projectiles systems “city” and “Hurricane” by the use of durable materials for the housing and the high-fuel. AT 1972 It was recommended to conduct development work on the development of the system “Hurricane” (obviously it is meant the development of the projectile or projectiles) with an increased range of up to 40 km.
AT 1972 factory was working out has been completed, and the system was presented at the Polygon-service testing with the following composition:
– unguided rockets with high-explosive (100-105 kg) and cassette fragmentation (80-85 kg) warheads;
– 9P140 combat vehicle on the chassis ZIL-135LM;
– Freight loading vehicle 9T452 on chassis ZIL-135LM;
– Arsenalnoye equipment.
In step factory castings were obtained characteristics of the system, satisfying the basic tactical and technical requirements:
– maximum range projectiles shooting with high-explosive warhead - 34 km., with cassette warhead - 35 km.;
accuracy of fire:
– projectile with a high-explosive warhead: by Bg / X range = 1/197, in the direction Wb / X = 1/174.
– shell with cassette warhead: by Bg / X range = 1/261, in the direction Wb / X = 1/152.
Reduced lesion area cassette warhead provided approach to the goal of fighting the elements 85-90 °:
– unsheltered manpower (eud. = 10khm / cm2) - 22090m2
– military equipment (eud. = 135kgm / sm2) - 19270m2
Reduced lesion area of high-explosive warhead: military equipment (Eud = 240kgm / sm2) - 1804m2;
– The size of the funnel: 8m diameter, 4.8 m depth.
The number of guide combat vehicle - 18; time volley - 9c, Ammunition shells on transport and loading vehicle - 1 set.
Chief designer of the combat vehicle Yuri Nikolaevich Kalachnikov.
According to, dated 1986 year, RSZO “Hurricane” (in combat vehicles BM-27 source) were in service not only in the Soviet Army, but also in Syria Army, and according to some sources in the Libyan army.
Currently the system is in service Russian army, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Yemen and Syria.
RSZO “Hurricane” widely used in military operations in Afghanistan, during which it was used to destroy surface targets, especially for the application of sudden shock due to various natural shelter, as well as for fire support during tactical helicopter raids and operations to destroy ground targets. In the early 80s it was deployed and used by the Syrian military in the initial phase of the war with Israel. The system was used in the South Caucasus (according to 1991 year), Russian federal forces in the Chechen Republic and during the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict 2008 year Russian troops. AT 2014-2015 years system was used by armed forces of Ukraine (VSU) against militias south-eastern part of Ukraine.
Composition
The composition MLRS “Hurricane ” includes the following means of combat:
– Fighting vehicle BM 9P140
– transport- loading vehicle 9T452
– missiles
– For automated fire control (KAUO) 1V126 “Skit-B”
– teaching- training facilities
– Vehicle for surveying 1T12-2M
– Radiopelengatsionny Meteorological Complex 1B44
– Set the arsenal of special equipment and tools 9F381
Fighting vehicle chassis 9P140 formed on the high-permeability Zil 135LMP vehicle chetyrehosnogo (8x8). Artillery unit includes a package of sixteen tubular guide, swivel base with guidance mechanisms and sighting devices, balancing mechanism,as well as electrical and hydraulic equipment. Actuators provided with guidance mechanisms allow direct package guides in the vertical plane by 5 ° to a maximum elevation angle of + 55 °. Traversing angle ± 30 ° from the longitudinal axis of the machine. To increase the stability of the launcher when firing aft chassis mounted two supports, equipped with jacks with a manual drive. Missiles can be transported directly to the guide. BM equipped with communication facilities (station P-123M) and night vision device.
Tubular guides are smooth-tube with screw U-shaped groove, in which a missile fired at the pin slides. This ensures that the original projectile promotion to give it the necessary stability in flight. When moving along the rotation trajectory of the projectile is supported via drop stabilizer blades, set at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. A volley one BM covers an area of more 42ga. The main method of shooting – closed position. Perhaps the management of cabin fire. Calculation BM 9P140 – 6 human (in peacetime – 4): commander BM, aimer (senior gunner), driver mechanic, crew member (3 people).
Package guides are mounted on a cradle – welded rectangular platform (cm. layout scheme). With top machine cradle is connected to the two semiaxes, around which it rotates (swinging) hover in elevation. The set of guide packet, carrycot, a number of locking mechanism parts and assemblies, ignition system, Bracket sight, etc.. It is a swinging part. The rotating portion of IP packet serves to impart desired azimuthal angle guide and includes a swinging portion, upper machine, uravnovešivaûŝij, lifting and turning mechanisms, plant, Playground gunner, hand drive guidance, a locking mechanism portion swash, pilot controlled check valve swash portion, a locking mechanism of the rotating part. The counterweight mechanism is used to partially compensate the weight moment of the swash parts and consists of two torsion fixing parts and. Lifting and swiveling mechanisms are used for guidance package guides in elevation and in horizontal plane. The main method of targeting – Power. In the case of using a manual drive failure and repair. locking mechanisms fix the moving parts ustanvoki while driving. Pilot controlled check valve prevents the swinging of the sbivaemost pickup in elevation and unloads the lifting mechanism when firing.
On a mechanical fighting machine panoramic sight D726-45. As the sight and angle measuring devices in the sight view of the gun using the nominal PG-1M.
BM 9P140 launching system provides:
– safe operation of calculating, BM serving at shooting,
– management of single and multiple rocket launchers when the calculation in the cockpit,
– management of single and multiple rocket launchers when the calculation in a shelter at a distance of 60m from the BM,
– firing at a failure of the main circuit blocks firing and power supplies.
Start system enables the burst shooting at a constant rate ( all 16 The missile is launched from the ramp 0.5s), and TN. “torn” rate of fire ( first 8 missiles rate 0.5s, rest 8 missiles rate 2c). Through the use of “torn” firing rate fails to significantly reduce the amplitude and frequency of oscillations BM, a, Consequently, improve the accuracy of fire.
Loading the launcher is made by means of transport and loading vehicle 9T452, developed on the same wheeled chassis, and that the war machine. Each TLV 9T452 transports 16 rockets and provides loading and unloading without special training positions incl. any transport vehicles, On the other TPM and soil. reloading process is mechanized, its duration is 15 minutes. Crane lifting 300kg TLV.
TPM hardware consists of a frame, tray rammer, crane, trolleys, site operator, lifting device, devices for docking, crane turning gear, rod, alignment mechanism, electrical, ZIP. Tray rammer is collapsible beam, at which the pusher moves with the rocket. alignment mechanism for aligning the missile axis, in the tray, with the axis of the guide tube. Carts left and right are for the deployment of missiles. On TPM has three electric: recovery (lowering) missiles, crane turn, chambering missiles guides.
Loading the BM is performed with the upper tier in the following sequence: lift rocket and put in a tray, unhook the lifting devices and make dosylka rockets into the guide (cm. mutual arrangement diagram BM 9P140 and TZM 9T452 battery when loading and layout of the BM on the firing line).
The peculiarity of the four-wheel chassis Zil-135LMP vehicle - behind the location of the powerplant quadruple Cockpit. This power plant consists of two V-shaped eight-cylinder gasoline engines Zil-375. Each of these engines at 3200 vol. / min maximum output 180 l. from. Transmission circuit board is formed by: wheels on each side are driven by an independent motor through a separate gearbox, transfer boxes and final drives. The wheels of the first and fourth axes - Managed, They have an independent torsion bar suspension with shock absorbers. Wheel center axes close together, elastic suspension and are not rigidly attached to the frame. The machine is equipped with a centralized system air pressure control tire. The machine has a very high permeability and good speed characteristics. When driving on the highway at full capacity it can reach speeds of 65 km / h, without preparation fording depth 1,2 m. Fuel distance – 500km.
missiles
9M27F with high-explosive fragmentation warhead
9M27K with cassette warhead arming fragmentation submunitions
9M27S with an incendiary warhead
9M59 with kascetnoy warhead arming anti-tank mines
9M27K2 with cassette warhead arming anti-tank mines
9M27K3 with cassette warhead arming anti-personnel mines
9M51 with detachable warhead volume-detonating action.
Maximum range is 35 km, for shooting at a smaller distance to the rocket to put on the ring, hindering his flight. With a small ring flight range is from cluster bombs 11 to 22 km, NURS 9M27F – from 8 to 21 km. If you use large brake ring flight distance cluster bombs – from 9 to 15 km, 9M27F – from 8 to 16 km.
Complex operation is possible in the conditions of use of nuclear adversary, chemical, bacteriological weapons at any time of day and year, in different climatic conditions at an ambient temperature of from -40 ° C to + 50 ° C.
RSZO “Hurricane” It can be transported by rail, water, air transport.
For the commercialization of body parts MLRS “Hurricane” and “Tornado” at the branch enterprises specialized mills models PPT-200 have been acquired, PPT-200S, PPT-350 and other, that according to 2005 year have been used successfully in a number of enterprises for the production of body parts.
options
9K57 Hurricane: basic version on the chassis Zil-135LM.
9K512 Uragan-1M: combat and transport and loading vehicle system "Uragan-1M" are based on the chassis MZKT-7930 "astrologer". Fighting machine capable of firing rockets from both the 220-mm systems 9K57 "Hurricane", and 300-mm systems 9K58 "Smerch".
Bastion-03: Development of the Ukrainian company AvtoKrAZ, submitted 2010. Warhead 9K57 "Hurricane" is mounted on chassis KrAZ-6322RA.
The performance characteristics of MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– Year(s) production: 1975 — 1991
– Year(s) operating: from 1975
– Chassis: ZIL-135LM
– Kolёsnaya formula: 8kh8
– calculation BM, pers.: 4
Dimensions MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– Mass without shells and calculation, kg: 15 100
– Weight in firing position, kg: 20 000
– The length in the stowed position, mm: 9630
– Width in traveling position, mm: 2800
– The height in the stowed position, mm: 3223
– Clearance, mm: 475
Caliber MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– 220 mm
Firing range MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– Minimum firing range, m: 8000 (10 000)
– Maximum firing range, m: 35 800
Area covered by MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– 426 000 m²
– Number of rails: 16
– The maximum elevation angle: +55 degrees
– Accuracy (diffusion), m: by TTT at max. Bg distance 1/170, Wb 1/125
– Translation system from traveling to combat is not over, min: 3
– time volley, from: 8,8..20
– urgent leaving of the firing position after volley of no more than, min: 1,5
Engine MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– engine's type: two ZIL-375
– Engine power, l. from.: 2x180
Speed MLRS 9K57 Uragan
– Maximum road speed, kmh 65
– Cruising on the highway, km: 570
Photo MLRS 9K57 Uragan
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