military experts
EnglishРусский中文(简体)FrançaisEspañol
Set as default language
 Edit Translation

152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

In several previous articles we talked about the 152-mm howitzers of the Red Army, which in varying degrees, they were quite successful for its time. For some characteristics, even superior to foreign analogues. For some inferior. But in general, it meets the requirements of the establishment. Call their breakthrough, masterpiece, better still it was impossible.

Today we will focus on is really a masterpiece. Orudii, cheering which no longer up to date. And the admiration it has and those, who builds weapons today, and in these, who uses a weapon in the power duty. Orudii, that even though, that produces only 6 years, from 1943 year on 1949 year, It has become the most massive 152-mm howitzer Red, and then the Soviet army!

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

tell, who is unknown This image?

Track record of the howitzer begins battles of the Great Patriotic War and ends with almost all more or less significant military conflicts 20 century. A military service system continues today in several armies of the world.

The author of the system is repeatedly referred to us Fyodor Petrov, Chief Designer of KB plant №9 (UZTM).

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

That experience and the genius of F. F. Petrov and his design team "helped" the new system as soon as possible to become a combat system.

But you must remember, and another man. man, which, though not a designer of artillery systems, but not truly "howitzer" in penetration-making at all levels of nature, without his organizational skills, masterpiece fate could arise not so triumphant.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

This is the People's Commissar of arms Dmitry Ustinov. Better known for the majority of the USSR Armed Forces veterans and Russian readers as one of the last of Ministers of Defense of the USSR (1976-1984 gg.).

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

But back to the very howitzer. In the article about the M-10 howitzer we wrote about the cessation of the production of such weapons in 1941 year. There are many materials about the reasons for this decision,. Called deficit and tractors, that is true. And the complexity of the production, especially the mast, it is also true. And the complexity of the tools.

But, in our opinion, the main reason was the lack of facilities for the production. needed cannon country. And the plant produces guns. Howitzers made only M-30 and ML-20 (Howitzer Cannon). Production of which has been established as soon as possible on the one hand, and that provided in the instruments need RKKA this type.

The turning point in relation to the howitzers for designers became offensive near Moscow and further actions of the Red Army in 1942 year. it became clear, that the army goes on the offensive. This means, Army will soon require powerful, mobile artillery systems.

KB launched the initiative to, in free time, design such systems. but, in wartime, the main requirement for the designers did not become revolutionary ideas and developments, and the opportunity as soon as possible to organize production at existing facilities.

Here's the handy talent Petrov and his team. The solution was found a truly brilliant. Apply receiver group M-10 howitzer, power and technology which have been preserved, on the well proven flitches 122 mm gaubitsы M-30. And thus combine the power of the 152-mm M-10 howitzer and mobility 122mm howitzer divisional M-30.

Probably, It can be regarded as a duplex new howitzer systems of two-M-10 and M-30. At least, to its predecessor M-10 howitzer D-1 is a duplex without any reservations.

Then the detective begins. At the beginning 1943 №9, the refinery comes Commissar Ustinov. After verification of production and the meeting with the leadership of the People's Commissar Petrov plant brings new calculations howitzers.

13 April from Moscow telephone rings. Ustinov Petrov informs the decision for the supply of T-bills 5 products to 1 May 1943 year for ground tests on the polygon Gorokhovetsky.

5 May in the range begin testing two prototypes. sample difference was small differences in anti-recoil devices. True, one sample has been tested at the factory. The second was a "from scratch".

5 and 6 May weapons have undergone serious tests. it was made, total, 1217 shots. Rate instruments like a patch, and without crosstalk correction was 3-4 shots per minute! Already 7 May landfill issued a report, that troubleshooting howitzer D-1 can be recommended to the adoption.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

Resolution of the GKO 8 August 1943 , the D-1 was put into service under the name "152-mm howitzer arr. 1943 of "Gross production it was initiated through 1,5 months at the factory number 9. This plant was the only manufacturer of D-1.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

device gaubitsы:
- staninы razdvizhnogo type;
- breech (breech);
- shield broneliste;
- recuperator and otkatnik, components recoil device;
- howitzer barrel;
- muzzle brake DT-3;
- turn the wheel (Wheel gaubitsы CSA-CH16 with shinami GK 1250 200);
- cushioning stroke.

Flitches howitzers were bed, cushioning and wheel move. Receiver group consisted of breech, recoil device, with a muzzle brake barrel.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

What are the solutions used F.F. Petrov design D-1? Upon closer inspection it turned out, that in this design is an element of another gun.

Gun barrel is beyond doubt. Howitzer 152 mm specimens 1938 of the year. With the gun carriage is the same story. Superior flitches howitzer caliber 122mm M-30. The sighting device also from M-30 howitzer. But with the shutter question. Petrov ispolyzoval prison by gaubitsы 152 mm samples 1937 , the ML-20.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

How view, technically quite perfect design. Although, in order to simplify production, improving technology, changes still held.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

So, frame guns first releases were completely riveted, and the guns later releases were welded housing.

Artillery, large caliber: 152-mm howitzer D-1 samples 1943 of the year

Howitzers later releases also had rolls for rolling by hand. Roller pin inserted into the hole of the beam shvornevoy.

Tactical; Technical characteristics gaubitsы D-1:
Weight
- in the stowed position, kg: 3 640
- in firing position, kg: 3 600
vertical angles, city: -3…+63,5
horizontal angles, city: 35
rate instruments, rounds / min: 4
firing range, m: 12 400
Weight FFS, kg: 40
Maximum transport speed, kmh: 40
Calculation, people: 8.

If we look statistics on production howitzer D-1 in the period of the Great Patriotic War, It created a completely false impression of the numbers of these powerful weapons in our army. Many sources of information are given enough "vaguely". During the war, it released about 1000 howitzer.

The picture changes completely if you look at the exhaust system by year:
1943 year - 84 pieces.
1944 year - 258 pcs.
1945 year - 715 pcs.
1946 year - 1050 pcs.
1947-49 years - for 240 pcs.

As seen from these data,, growing needs in this gun show just how, that Howitzer "has gone".

The authors were able to talk with the officer, who worked on these howitzers during the Soviet era. He shared some interesting details from the shooting of guns.

When firing on soft ground to do the flooring under the wheels. When shooting at angles of elevation over 37 degrees sees trench between the platens. In exceptional cases, you can not shoot at spaced-bed lathes. Thus the firing angle is the horizontal 1,5 degrees. In all cases, when shooting under openers fixed wooden beams.

appearance in 1943 by howitzer D-1 significantly increased the mobility of the Soviet tank and motorized units. howitzer, due to its "skorohodnymi", It keeps pace with the rapidly advancing units of the Red Army. so, contributions on the war is undeniable. And in the Russian and other museums of this howitzer with the Human.

Concluding the article, I want to once again admire the genius of our designers, who were able to create a great tool in the difficult conditions of war. weapon, which became a teacher of many Soviet and even Russian gunners.

A source

                          
Chat in TELEGRAM:  t.me/+9Wotlf_WTEFkYmIy

Playmarket