Tu-160 - a supersonic strategic bomber-bomber with variable sweep wing, developed in the Tupolev Design Bureau in the 1970s-1980s. Is the largest and most powerful in the history of military aviation supersonic aircraft and aircraft with variable geometry wing, as well as the heaviest combat aircraft in the world, having the largest maximum takeoff weight among bomber. It is also the fastest of the bomber in service with. Among the pilots was nicknamed "White Swan".
Tu-160 White Swan – video
choice concept
In the 1960s, the Soviet Union developed the Strategic Missiles, At the same time, the US relied on strategic aircraft. Politics, pursued by Nikita Khrushchev, It led to, By the beginning of the 1970s the Soviet Union possessed a powerful system of missile and nuclear deterrence, but strategic aircraft had at his disposal only subsonic Tu-95 and M-4, unable to overcome air defenses (MLP) Home NATO.
It is believed, that the impetus for the development of a new Soviet bomber was the US decision to develop the project as part of AMSA (Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft) new strategic bomber - the future B-1. AT 1967 the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided to begin work on a new multi-mode strategic intercontinental aircraft.
For the future of the aircraft must meet the following basic requirements:
– range of flight at speeds of 2200-2500 km / h at an altitude of 18 000 meters - within 11-13 thousand. km;
– Flight range at subsonic mode at a height and land - 16-18 thousand. and 11-13 thousand. km respectively;
– the plane was approaching the goal at cruising subsonic, and to overcome the enemy air defenses - in supersonic high-altitude operation or at cruising speed at ground;
– the total weight of the combat load - up 45 tonnes.
projects
The project was originally set up in myasishchev and was transferred Tupolev. below is an excerpt:
Design work on supersonic multi-mode aircraft M-18 with variable sweep wing, performed by the requirements of the Air Force on a competitive basis to the heavy strategic bomber, at 1972 g. have been recognized as the best among similar works OKB MMZ “Pendant” General Designer II. ABOUT. dry (T-4MS) i OKB MMZ “Speed” A general designer. FROM. Yakovlev. Project M-18 was supported by TsAGI and NTS MAP. The commander of long-range aviation, Colonel-General in. AT. Resetnicov dubbed M-18 "tonkofyuzelyazhnoy pike".
However, the MAP management decides otherwise: for further work on supersonic bomber Submitting Project M-18 OKB MMZ “An experience” A general designer. n. Tupolev. This decision was influenced by factors such, as the small size of the reconstructed in the second half of the 1960s in the OKB. M. Myasishcheva and his lack of the necessary scientific, technical and industrial base.
To work on a new bomber Sukhoi Design Bureau started and myasishchev. Tupolev because of the heavy workload involved was not. By the early 1970s, both the bureau prepared their projects - chetyrohdvigatelny aircraft with variable geometry wing. In the same time, despite some similarities, they used different schemes.
Sukhoi Design Bureau worked on the project T-4MS («Article 200»), retain a certain continuity with the previous design - T-4 («Article 100»). It was worked out many options layouts, designers but eventually settled on the integrated circuit of the "flying wing" with the pivot arm relatively small area.
Myasishchev also after numerous studies has come to an embodiment of a variable geometry wing. The draft M-18 used conventional aerodynamic configuration. He is working on a draft M-20, built on the aerodynamic configuration "duck".
After, how in 1969 the Air Force introduced a new tactical and technical requirements for prospective multimode strategic aircraft to, the development has also begun Tupolev. Here there was a wealth of experience in dealing with the problems of the supersonic flying heavy aircraft, resulting in the development and production of the supersonic Tu-144, including structural design experience with a long service life under conditions of supersonic flight, heat-shielding design of the airframe of the aircraft, etc.. d.
Tupolev initially rejected variant with variable geometry, cantilevers since the weight of the wing turning mechanisms negated the benefits of such a scheme, and took as a basis for civil supersonic Tu-144.
AT 1972 the Commission considered for the contest Sukhoi projects («Article 200») and myasishchev (M-18). Considered as non-competitive project Tupolev. Members of the competition committee really liked myasishchev project, which is largely responsible stated requirements of the Air Force. The aircraft in its universality can be used to solve all sorts of problems, I had a wide range of speeds and greater range of flight. but, given the experience of Tupolev to build such complex supersonic aircraft as the Tu-22M and Tu-144, development of strategic aircraft carrier commissioned Tupolev. All materials for the further conduct of the work it was decided to transfer the Tupolev.
Although the project myasishchev largely repeated the American plane B-1 (Myasishcheva project was created before the B-1), In the full confidence of the. AND. Bliznyuk and other developers it has not been, however aircraft design started "from scratch", without the direct use of materials myasishchev.
In the same 1972 by Tupolev, TsAGI, other organizations and enterprises of the domestic defense industry, as well as the Air Force Research Institute launched a wide-ranging program of optimization schemes, parameters of the future aircraft, its powerplant, the choice of structural materials and the development of the necessary technology, choosing the best structure and interconnection systems and avionics systems and weapons. Total work on the Tu-160 in the USSR, in one form or another, takes about 800 enterprises and organizations of various profiles.
test
The first flight of the prototype (under the designation "70-01") took 18 December 1981 year on the airfield "Ramenskoye". Flight crew carried out, led by a test pilot Boris Veremeev. The second prototype aircraft (product "70-02") used for the static test, and did not fly. Later joined by a second test flight pattern of the aircraft under the designation "70-03". Aircraft "70-01", "70-02" and "70-03" are built on the MMZ "Experience".
Design
Tu-160 made by the scheme nizkoplan integral with variable sweep wing, tricycle landing gear, all-moving stabilizer and fin. Mechanization of the wing slats comprises, double-slotted flaps, for roll control spoilers are used and flaperons. Four engine NK-32 are arranged in pairs in nacelles at the bottom of the fuselage. As an auxiliary power unit (VSU) It applies TA-12.
Fuselage
Glider IC. Technologically consists of six main parts, by F-1 to F-6. In the fore part of the leaky antenna installed in the radar radome, followed by a leaking compartment radio. The central part of the one-piece aircraft length 47,368 m includes the actual fuselage with the crew cabin and two gruzootseke (weapons bay), between which the caisson compartment-center section and the fixed part of the wing; engine nacelles and tail portion of the fuselage with keel superstructure. Cabin is a single pressurized compartment, in which, in addition to the crew working places, place various electronic equipment of the aircraft.
Wing
The wing on the plane variable sweep. Wingspan sweep is at a minimum 57,7 m. Swivel assembly and control system is generally similar to TU-22M, but accordingly restated and reinforced. The rotary portion of the wing leading edge is permuted with 20 to 65 degrees. Wing box structure, formed mainly of aluminum alloys. At the leading edge slats mounted chetyrohsektsionnye, at the rear - double-slotted flaps trohsektsionnye. The root portion of the flap section of the turning part simultaneously the ridge, intended for blending with the center section of the wing at the minimum sweep. For roll control spoilers installed six section and flaperons. The internal cavity of the wing fuel tanks are.
On the ground, a permutation of the wing at large angles is prohibited (without special tools), because of the displacement of the centering plane falls "on the tail".
Chassis
The aircraft tricycle landing gear with a pair of front and main landing. The front strut is located in the forward fuselage in a niche under tehotsekom unsealed and retracted back flow. two wheels on the front pillar 1 080 × 400 mm with an aerodynamic deflector, protects from foreign particles (trash) from the wheels in the engine air intakes. Through niche front foot, Ground trap, are logged in the cockpit. Basic rack have Triaxial trolley with six wheels 1260 × 485 mm on each. They are cleaned in a gondola, backward flight, thus shortened, that requires less internal volume compartments. With the release of the rack nominated, simultaneously shifting outwardly on 60 cm, increasing the track (which positively affects the stability during taxiing). Sami compartments main pillars are also tehotsekami to accommodate various equipment. Track chassis - 5400 mm, base chassis - 17 880 mm. On the front of the rack two-chamber shock absorber gazomaslyanny, on the main pillars - three-chamber profiles. Wheels front swivel rack, controlled by a directional control pedal in the cockpit pilots.
Power point
The aircraft engine mounted four SC-32, It is a further development of the line of NK-144, NK-22 and NK-25. Structurally, the NK-32 - trohvalny turbofan engine with a mixed flow output and overall afterburner with variable nozzle. Axial compressor trohkaskadny has fifteen steps and consists of three units: three-stage low pressure compressor, five-stage compressor and seven-medium pressure - high pressure. Separation of the air flow along the contours of the compressor is carried ND, Selection Air Jets need to occur for the HP compressor. Combustion chamber - ring type, mnogoforsunochnaya two pilot burner. The afterburner is a mixture of reburning fuel and flows to the afterburner mode,. The box is mounted hydraulic pump drives, DC-generator and drive the three-phase alternating current generator. engine cranking when starting - from an air starter.
Engines are placed in pairs in a gondola under the fuselage. Air inlets with rectangular cross section disposed vertically adjustable wedge and six valves air feeding.
APU TA-12 provides aircraft electrical power and compressed air on the ground, and it can be used as an emergency power source in the air at an altitude of 7 km.
hydraulic
The aircraft applicable four parallel working with high-pressure hydraulic pumping pressure 280 kg / cm², as a working fluid used 7-50S 3-synthetic oil. Hydraulic serves to move the control surfaces, runway mechanization and chassis, control drums launchers, etc.. Hydraulic mounted two on each motor, as a provision applied turbopump installation APU, TNUK.
Fuel system
Filling capacity of fuel tanks is about 171 000 l nitrided aviation fuel T-8. Each engine is fed from its supply tank. Part of the fuel is used for alignment. The bow of the installed retractable in-flight refueling boom toplivopriomnika air.
electric power supply
On each of the four motors mounted brushless DC generator and the drive generator AC power SE-22 120 kVA. As a backup source on land and in flight, the APU generator uses the TA-12.
Armament of the Tu-160
Initially exclusively as a plane built missile - carrier long range cruise missiles with nuclear warheads, intended for attacks on area targets.
Consisting on the Tu-160 armed with Kh-55SM strategic cruise missiles designed to hit stationary targets with predetermined programmed coordinates, input which is performed in memory before the rocket bomber flight. Rockets placed on two drum launchers ISU-6-5U (similar installed on Tu-95MS) six pieces, in two cargo aircraft compartments. To engage targets at shorter range of the weapons can include aeroballistic hypersonic missiles X-15C (24 missiles, by 12 each ISU).
Aircraft after appropriate conversion may also be equipped with svobodnopadayuschie bombs (to 40 000 kg) various calibres, including nuclear, one-time cluster bombs, sea mines and other weapons.
In the future composition of the bomber weapons will significantly strengthen due to the addition of a high-precision cruise missiles, a new generation of X-555 and X-101, with increased range and designed to destroy both strategic, and tactical ground and sea targets virtually all classes.
Flight control and navigation, instrumentation and electronic equipment
Tu-160 four-channel set (in other words - to fourfold redundancy) Automatic-wire-board control system, and redundant mechanical wiring. Control of twin plane, not installed steering wheels, as is customary in heavy machines, and handles (RUS). Pitch plane is controlled by the all-moving stabilizer, after start - Flaperon and Interceptor, Exchange - tselnopovorotnym keel. The navigation system dual-channel astroinertial - K-042TO. Sighting and navigation complex "Obzor-K" includes a forward-looking radar and optical-television sight OPB-15P. Airborne defense system "Baikal" is a means of radio engineering and IR threat detection, ECM system and shoot bullets trap. It uses a separate system to work with missile weapons (question). Most aircraft equipment complexed depending on the decision of the current task.
Instrument panel equipped crew conventional switch devices (largely similar to those, that are used on the Tu-22M), multifunctional displays, liquid crystal on a plane missing. In the same time, much has been done to improve the ergonomics of jobs and reduce the number of instruments and indicators, compared to workstations of Tu-22M3.
The instrument panel commander established the following instruments and indicators:
– A radio altimeter indicator-034,
– standby attitude indicator AGR-74,
– radiomagnetic RMI-2B light,
– SP-51 position indicator,
– vertical parameters indicator TFI-1,
– combined instrument DA-200,
– pointer altimeter HC-2C or SVR-M1,
– barometric altimeter VM-15,
– instrument flight director PKP-72,
– planned navigation device PNP-72,
– speed indicator ICP-1,
– rate indicator combined LCPs or LCPs-2500-3 (depending on aircraft model year),
– an irradiated radar warning indicator.
On the dashboard of the second pilot set following indicators and instruments:
– vertical parameter indicator TFI-1 or signaling light block (It depends on the plane of release),
– speed indicator ICP-1,
– rate indicator combined LCPs or LCPs-2500-3 (It depends on the plane of release),
– instrument flight director PKP-72,
– planned navigation device PNP-72,
– combined instrument DA-200,
– pointer altimeter HC-2C or SVR-M1,
– A radio altimeter indicator-034.
Production
AT 1984 , the Tu-160 was put into production at the Kazan Aviation Plant (KAPO). The first production machine (№ 1-01) He climbed into the air 10 October 1984 of the year, second serial (№ 1-02) — 16 Martha 1985 of the year, third (№ 2-01) — 25 December 1985 of the year, fourth (№ 2-02) — 15 August 1986 of the year.
In January 1992 , Boris Yeltsin made a decision on a possible suspension lasted for serial production of Tu-160 in case, if the United States will cease to serial production of the aircraft B-2. By this time it was released 35 Flight. TO 1994 KAPO year the BBC six Russian Tu-160. They were stationed at the airport by Engels in the Saratov region.
In May 2000 , the new Tu-160 (b / n "07" "Alexander Molodchy") He entered the Air Force in combat.
The complex Tu-160 adopted in 2005 year. 12 April 2006 it was announced the completion of state tests of the upgraded engines NK-32 Tu-160. New engines have significantly increased natural resource and high reliability.
28 December 2007 Implemented in Kazan the first flight on the new production aircraft Tu-160.
22 April 2008 , the Air Force Commander Col. Gen. Alexander Zelin told reporters that, that is one more strategic bomber Tu-160 will arrive in April 2008 year adopted the Russian Air Force.
29 April 2008 in Kazan ceremony of transfer of the new aircraft into service of the Air Forces of Russia. The new aircraft was named "Vitaly Kopylov" (in honor of the former director of KAPO Vitaly Kopylov) and is included in the composition of the 121-th Guards Aviation Sevastopol Red Banner Heavy Bomber Regiment, based in Engels. planned, what in 2008 year will be upgraded three drill Tu-160.
Exploitation
The first two Tu-160 (№ 1-01 and number 1-02) It came in the 184th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment heavy Priluki (SSR) in April 1987 of the year. In this case, the aircraft were transferred to combat units before the completion of state tests, which was due to a faster rate statement adopted American bomber B-1.
TO 1991 he enrolled in Pryluky 19 Flight, two of which were formed squadron. After the collapse of the Soviet Union 8 of them were returned to Russia.
AT 1992 , Russia unilaterally stopped flights of its strategic aviation in remote regions.
AT 1998 , Ukraine has started to waste belonging to her strategic bombers on US funds allocated under the Nunn - Lugar.
In 1999-2000, it was agreed, according to which Ukraine gave Russia eight Tu-160 and three Tu-95 in exchange for the cancellation of the debt on gas purchase. Remaining in Ukraine Tu-160 were disposed of, except for one machine, which is provided in a state unfit for action and is located in the Poltava Museum of long-range and strategic aviation. The last remaining strategic aviation complexes of the Tu-160 was destroyed by the Air Force of Ukraine 2 February 2001 of the year.
To top 2001 , in accordance with the Treaty SALT-2 Russian was in battle formation 15 Tu-160, of which 6 missile were officially armed strategic cruise missiles.
AT 2002 , the Ministry of Defense signed a contract with the CAPO to modernize all 15 Tu-160.
18 September 2003 the year the disaster occurred when performing a test flight after engine repairs, - aircraft with tail number "01" crashed in the Soviet district of the Saratov region during landing. Tu-160 fell in a deserted place in 40 km from the home airfield. On board the car were four crew members: Commander Yuri Deyneko, second pilot Oleg Fedusenko, and Gregory Kolchin and Sergey Sukhorukov. They all died.
22 April 2006 Commander of the Russian Air Force long-range aviation, Lieutenant-General informed Hvorov, that during the exercise the group modernized Tu-160 entered the airspace of the United States and went unnoticed. but, no confirmation, nor denials, this information is not.
5 July 2006 the Air Force Russian modernized Tu-160 was adopted, who became the 15th aircraft of this type (n / a "19" "Twin Valentine"). Passed into service of the Tu-160 was built in 1986 year, Tupolev belonged to and was used for testing.
As of the beginning 2007 of the year, in the battle of the Russian strategic nuclear forces, according to the MOU, was 14 strategic bombers Tu-160 (one bomber is not declared in the data START (n / a "19" "Twin Valentine")).
17 August 2007 Russia resumed flights of strategic aviation in remote areas on a permanent basis.
In July 2008 it was reported that the possible deployment on Cuban airfields, Venezuela and Algeria tankers Il-78, as well as the possible use of aerodromes as a backup for the Tu-160 and Tu-95MS.
10 September 2008 , two Tu-160 ("Alexander Molodchy" a b / n 07 and "Vasily Senko" a b / n 11) We made a flight from the home base in Engels Libertador airfield in Venezuela, using as airfields airfield Olenegorsk in the Murmansk region. On the part of the journey on the territory of the Russian bombers, accompanied by missile (in order to cover) Su-27 fighters of the St. Petersburg association Force and Air Defense, during a flight over the Norwegian Sea Russian bombers were intercepted by two F-16 fighters Norwegian Air Force, near Iceland - two F-15 US Air Force. Flight from the intermediate landing site in Olenegorske to Venezuela took 13 hours. On board the aircraft did not have nuclear weapons, but there were training missiles, by which they were worked combat use. It is Russia's first ever case of the use of long-range aircraft airfield aviation, located on the territory of a foreign state. In Venezuela, the aircraft made educational and training flights over neutral waters in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. 18 September 2008 year 10:00 by Moscow time (UTC+4) Both planes took off from the airport in Maiquetia Caracas, and over the Norwegian Sea for the first time in recent years we have made the night of aerial refueling tanker Il-78. AT 01:16 (by Moscow time) 19 September landed at the base airfield in Engels, setting a record duration flight on the Tu-160.
10 June 2010 , two Tu-160 set a record for distance flight: 18 thousand. km. The duration of the flight missile exceeded last year's record by two hours, reaching 24 o'clock 24 minutes, with the flight range was 18 thousand. kilometers. The maximum volume of fuel during refueling totaled 50 t, whereas previously - 43 t.
The current situation
In February 2004 it was reported, that the planned construction of three new airplanes.
As part of the Russian Air Force at the beginning of 2013 year is 16 Tu-160.
In April 2015 year, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said the need to resume the production of bombers. Russian Air Force will acquire not less than 50 Tu-160M. The resumption of production of new aircraft classification Tu-160M / Tu-160m2 is not expected before 2023 of the year.
12 August 2016 on holiday "I choose sky", held at the airfield Kurkachi (Vysokogorsky region of Tatarstan), viewers were shown the latest Tu-160M (first line M), which should soon be submitted to the VCS Russia.
As of 27 August 2016 g. still untitled Tu-160M is factory flight tests at the airport "Borisoglebsk" Kazan aviation plant.
In November 2016 years at the Kazan aircraft plant began to restore the key technologies for the production of the strategic bomber Tu-160 missile. Earlier, Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Yury Borisov said, that the mass production of vehicles must begin with 2023 of the year.
On 2017 year as part of VKS Russia is 16 Flight. It decided to complete refurbishment.
Mid-June 2017 year - Deputy Defense Minister Yoo. AND. Borisov said, "... that the pre-welding confirmed recovery of aircraft manufacturing technology. Departure of the first modernized Tu-160m2 is planned for 2018 year, and production in the framework of strategic aviation re -. on the 2021 th "
modification projects
Tu-160 (NK-74) – With more efficient engines NK-74 (increased flight range).
Tu-160V (Tu-161) – aircraft power plant project, running on liquid hydrogen. Also differed from the base model of the fuselage dimensions, accommodates tanks with liquid hydrogen.
Tu-160K – Preliminary design of combat aircraft missile system "Merlin". Development began in 1983 year, released CB "Southern" in December 1984 of the year. It involves placing 2 two-stage ballistic missile (1-stage - solid fuel, 2-I - Liquid) weight 24,4 m on plane carrier. The total distance of the complex suggests a more 10 000 km. warhead: 6 MIRV warhead or gooseneck with complex means to overcome missile defense. HUH - 600 m. Development was discontinued in the mid-1980s.
Tu-160M – The project of modernization of the Tu-160, providing for the installation of new avionics and weapons. Capable of carrying conventional weapons, eg, 90 OFAB-500U, weighing about 500 kg and a continuous radius of 70-100 m defeat.
Tu-160M2 – Project. Planned implementation with elements of an integrated modular avionics (THERE). "The project of modernization of the Tu-160 KRET create new computing and on-board systems, controls, gimballess inertial navigation system, set of REB, toplivomerno-Flow System, as well as weapons control system "
Tu-160P – The project heavy fighter escort, armed missiles "air - air" large and medium-range.
Tu-160PP – The aircraft electronic warfare, was brought up to full-scale production stage of the layout and structure of the equipment is fully defined.
Tu-160SK – Aircraft carrier liquid aerospace three-stage system "Bourlak" weight 20 t. anticipated, that the mass of the payload, to orbit, can reach 600 to 1100 kg, and shipping cost will be 2-2.5 times lower, than similar on-duty rockets from the Land Launch. The rocket had to be performed at altitudes of 9 to 14 km with the flight speed of the carrier 850-1600 km / h. According to its characteristics complex "Burlak" should surpass the American subsonic launch complex, created on the basis of the carrier aircraft Boeing B-52 and the carrier rocket «Pegasus». The main purpose - replenishment of the constellation in the conditions of mass destruction spaceports. Development of the complex began in 1991 year, commissioning planned in 1998-2000. The complex was to include command-measuring point based on the Il-76SK and complex ground handling. Range of flight of the carrier aircraft to launch zone is ILV 5000 km. 19 January 2000 GNPKRTS in Samara "Samara Space Center" and the Aerospace Corporation "Air Launch" signed an agreement on the establishment of a space-rocket complex Aviation (ARKKN) "Air Launch".
According to the commander of the Russian long-range aviation Igor Khvorov, modernized aircraft will be able to, in addition to the cruise missiles, hit targets with the help of bombs, will be able to use communication through satellites and will have improved characteristics of the impact of fire. Tu-160M is planned to equip a new weapon system, which applies advanced cruise missiles and bomb armament. Complete modernization also will undergo avionics and aircraft equipment.
armed with
It is in service
Russia Russia - BBC 11 Tu-160 and 5 Tu-160M1, as of 2017 year are armed with 121-th Guards TBAP 22th Guards Heavy Bomber Donbass Red Banner Division, 37th Air Army of the Supreme Command (Engels airbase), as of 2012 year. AT 2015 was upgraded and renovated all the Tu-160, in operation the Russian Air Force. Also, the Russian Defense Ministry has begun to conclude the first contracts for the resumption of production of strategic bombers Tu-160m2. The Defense Ministry announced, which will be built further 50 modernized strategic bomber Tu-called 160m2.
It was in service
the USSR Soviet Air Force - Tu-160 were in service until the collapse of the country in 1991 year.
Ukraine, Long-range aviation of Ukraine - After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the Ukraine at the airbase was Pryluky 19 Tu-160. FROM 1998 Year of the Nunn - Lugar Ukraine were disposed of 10 Flight, one was transferred to the museum, Russian remaining eight were transferred in payment for natural gas. In the presence of US Senate Lugar and Carl Levin was cut Tu-160 bearing the number 24, released 1989 year and who had 466 flight hours. The second was disposed of Tu-160 with tail number 13, built in 1991 year and who had less plaque 100 hours.
8 September 1999 year intergovernmental agreement was signed in Yalta between Ukraine and Russia on the exchange 8 Tu-160, 3 Tu-95MS, 575 cruise missiles and airfield equipment to pay for Russian natural gas delivered to the amount 285 million dollars. The transfer was completed 21 February 2000 of the year, when the last two Tu-160 flew to the airbase "Engels-2".
30 Martha 2000 Tu-160, the Ukrainian Air Force, tail number 26 flew to Poltava Museum of long-range aviation. Subsequently, the bomber was brought to a state unfit for action.
combat application
For the first time the Tu-160 were used during Russian military operations in Syria during the period from 17 November 2015 year on 20 November 2015 of the year. Strikes cruise missiles X-555 (modification of the X-55 with non-nuclear warheads) and X-101 on the facilities of the Islamic State.
The performance characteristics of the Tu-160
– units produced: 35 (27 production and 8 prototyping)
Tu-160 crew
– 4 man
The cost of the Tu-160
– 6,0-7.5 billion rubles (250 million USD 1993 year)
The dimensions of the Tu-160
– Length: 54,1 m
– Wingspan: 55,7/50,7/35,6 m
– Height: 13,1 m
– wing area: 232 m²
Weight Tu-160
– empty weight: 110 000 kg
– Normal takeoff weight: 267 600 kg
– Maximum takeoff weight: 275 000 kg
The engines of the Tu-160
– engines: 4 × TRDDF NK-32
– maximum thrust: 4 × 18 000 kgf
– Thrust in afterburner: 4 × 25 000 kgf
– fuel weight: 148 000 kg
The speed of the Tu-160
– Maximum speed at height 2200 kmh (M = 2.08); In the land: 1030 kmh (M = 0.84)
– Cruising speed: 850 kmh (M = 0.69)
Range Tu-160 flight
– Maximum range without refueling: 13 950 km
– Practical range without refueling: 12 300 km
– combat radius: 7300 km
The duration of the flight of the Tu-160
– 25 hours
Practical ceiling Tu-160
– 22 000 m
The length of the run of the Tu-160
– 900 m
Skoropodъёmnost: 4400 m / min
Thrust-to-weight ratio of the Tu-160
– at maximum takeoff weight: 0,37
– during normal takeoff weight: 0,36
Photo Tu-160
Take-off TU-160
Tu-160 top view
Landing of Tu-160
Cabin Tu-160
Place the right navigator of the Tu-160
Place the left navigator of the Tu-160
Missile carrier Tu-160 to deliver nuclear strikes (computer graphics)
