military experts
EnglishРусский中文(简体)FrançaisEspañol
Set as default language
 Edit Translation

Ka-22

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

In the mid-50s bureau takes the revolutionary decision to build on the tactical and technical requirements, given by the Ministry of Defense, Experimental rotorcraft Ka-22 transverse scheme with two rotors at the ends of the two wing panels and pulling screws. It was a new type of aircraft for domestic aviation, It combines the advantages of a helicopter, capable of performing vertical takeoff and landing, and aircraft, having great, compared with a helicopter, capacity, distance and speed of flight.

Rotorcraft Ka-22 – video

The main focus of the collective creators of NI Kamov rotorcraft focused on the design of high-speed rotors, determines the possibility of achieving a combined speed of 400 aircraft…450kmh. On the big wing flight speeds apparatus had to unload rotors, ensuring low drag coefficients. It helps to have a circumferential speed of the blade tips, equal to the speed of sound, and the rotor to work on time, close to autorotation. Of fundamental importance was the decision of NI Kamov at high flight speeds the car to save on the rotor minimum required load, sufficient for damping of vibrations and ensure stable behavior during maneuvers.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

Creating and debugging Ka-22 need to perform a large amount of theoretical and experimental studies. Under the leadership of S.Ya.Finkelya was designed package parameter selection methods and basic flight characteristics of the machine, aerodynamic calculation, Machine arrangement carrying rotor blades, calculation of external loads, balancing, etc.. We conducted special studies to ensure optimal performance of transient modes rotorcraft flight, selection of stiffness characteristics of structural elements, prevent flutter of the blades rotors and phenomena “ground resonance”.

Much attention has been paid to the solution of problems, related to the stability and controllability of the combined aircraft. The results of theoretical methods of calculation could be confirmed on numerous models, stands and special installations, as well as during the flight test. The creation of this machine is made S.B.Garshteyn, A.I.Dreyzin, Z.Z.Rozenbaum, A.G.Satarov, E.A.Petrosyan, L.A.Potašnik, V.N.Kvokov and other experts EDO, as well as employees TSAGI M.K.Speransky, I.O.Faktorovich, E.V.Tokarev.

Works to create a unique power plant and machine equipment was headed by deputy chief designer N.N.Priorov, carrier systems and airframe - deputy chief designer M.A.Kupfer. The lead designer of the Ka-22 was appointed Yu.S.Braginsky, and lead engineer on testing - V.B.Alperovich.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

Unusual aircraft first lifted into the air 15 August 1959 year test pilot D.K.Efremov. For all work on the rotary-wing posted first deputy chief designer V.I.Biryulin. Great help in fine-tuning the car on the characteristics of stability and controllability, especially at low flight speeds transition, kamovtsam had staff LII, including test pilots and Yu.A.Garnaev V.V.Vinitsky. AT 1961 the crew of the OKB headed by D.K.Efremovym installed on the Ka-22, eight world records, including speed records - 356.3km / h, and a maximum weight of cargo, raised to a height of 2000m - 16485kg, are not beaten up to the present time. In this context, attention is drawn to the data rotorcraft: maximum takeoff weight - 42500kg; the size of the cargo compartment: length - 17.9m; height - 2.8m; width - 3.1m. To imagine the scale of the problem solved OKB, it suffices to compare the maximum takeoff weight of the Ka-22 (42500kg) and the biggest, by that time, The Ka-25 helicopter (7000kg).

Unfortunately, a fatal role in the fate of the Ka-22, played two heavy flight accidents, the cause of which at the time it was not possible to establish unequivocally. Air Force leadership then could not overcome the lack of confidence in the aircraft and did not provide an opportunity to bring the car OKB. Nevertheless, the design, construction and testing of such a complex and large-rotorcraft professionals allowed the company to rise to new, a higher technological level.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

Experimental rotorcraft Ka-22 is a combined aircraft, which occupies an intermediate position between a helicopter and an airplane on the principles of the creation of it and lift control. This amphibious transport apparatus intended to be used for the transport of persons, bulky cargo and equipment in large size cargo cabin, in terms of the An-12 a superior cabin and troop transport aircraft.

Chronology of the creation: the beginning of the design - 1953 year; the first rise in the air - 1959 year; completion of factory tests - 1964 year. Built three copies of rotorcraft. NI Kamov design bureau specialists together with employees of TsAGI and FRI have done a lot of theoretical and experimental studies, developed new methods for aerodynamic calculation, calculation of stability and controllability, determining external loads and settlement of cases. Tests preceded rotorcraft simulation of flight dynamics simulator unit, research and testing of major components, units and systems, Preliminary testing of the rotor on the bench, and the final - on a flying laboratory, created on the basis of the Mi-4.

To create a complex rotorcraft required propulsion power of more than two motors with 8000kVt, raznesennыmi 20m. For finishing the power plant and an automatic control system (MONTHLY) together with supporting and pulling screws in OKB NI Kamov it was built a number of plants, including full-scale special booth at the flight test station (LIS) in outskirts of Moscow. Great attention to the elements of the power plant, CAP in the design and test bench allowed to create reliable design, performed well in flight tests.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

An opening in the fuselage of the Ka-22 for loading and unloading of goods and technology

A separate area of ​​work has been associated with the establishment of high-speed rotor rotorcraft and rationale for its dynamic link. Mechanized rotorcraft model was built with working rotors. Model Tests were carried out in a wind tunnel in TSAGI. The air flow rate in the tube was adjusted to 125 m / s. Thus dimensionless tangential component of the air velocity in the rotor plane reached 0.58, and the speed of blade tip - speed of sound. On elektrovintovom stand LIS has been tested more 20 various configurations of blades. Varied in terms of the shape of the blade, rotor diameter, the number of blades, fill factor and other parameters. Several models of 7.2m diameter rotors were tested in TsAGI. Full-scale screw with a selected final arrangement was tested in FRI on Mi-4.

The carrier system of the aircraft combined type unit consists of a wing and two rotors at the ends. rotors, creating the necessary traction, provide takeoff and landing in a helicopter, and flying at low speeds. The large area of ​​the flaps at the low-speed mode and hovering flight deflected downward by 90 °, reducing the loss of thrust from the wing screws sootblowing. As the speed increases the lift of the wing, unloading rotors. On the resulting lift high speed 80…90% wing created, propulsive force rotor has a minimum value, and the longitudinal force is generated almost entirely pulling propellers with variable pitch. This allows to significantly larger rotorcraft, than by helicopter, speed flight. The test developed rotorcraft flight speed of 370km / h. Unloading rotors at high speeds a positive impact on the resource units, units and systems, exposed to dynamic loads.

Cabin Ka-22

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

For controlling and balancing like a rotorcraft helicopter, so and aircraft controls. The longitudinal cyclic control is carried out by changing the angles of the rotor blades and aircraft rudder deflection, cross - by differential changes in the collective pitch propellers and aileron deflection, a track - by differential changes in the cyclic pitch of the left and right rotors and rudder deflection. Besides, on rotary-wing has a control system of collective pitch rotor, mode control system of the engine and automatic hydraulic pitch control system pulling screws, which provides “transfusion” engine power to pulling on the rotor increasing airspeed.

rotorcraft control pilots working places by means of control levers: the helm, pedals, collective pitch lever and throttle. Leverage through the rigid wiring exposed in the four control channels on spools booster, who reject the rotorcraft controls. Such a complex control system with a large number of non-linear elements and feedbacks demanded the creation of a simulator for generating a control techniques and testing of pilots piloting skills. Simulator pilot lead up the necessary skills to automaticity, then flying rotorcraft hover not particularly complex.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

In step flight tests during the development of the translational motion of the machine to the standard pilot control actions posted unpredictable reaction rotorcraft. Modeling the behavior of rotorcraft helped to understand this phenomenon. After careful analysis of the test results on the rotorcraft and simulator management system has been subjected to substantial alteration. Introduced mechanisms to disable airplane and helicopter controls in certain flight conditions. Ailerons are rigidly fixed and expelled from the roll control system. Change the range of controls deviations. Conducted management improvements significantly improve the manageability rotorcraft, however, in certain flight conditions, she remained poor. It was decided to install the solution on the Ka-22 differential autopilot, complete formation apparatus control system.

Thus as a result of simulation, experimental studies on the simulator and flying laboratory, flight test machine suitable characteristics of stability and controllability were obtained rotorcraft Ca-22. This was confirmed and successfully completed factory testing rotorcraft, and then mounted on it eight world records. The flight evaluation, given in the report for the factory test, test pilot noted Yu.A.Garnaev: “Rotorcraft aircraft is, which combines the qualities of the airplane and helicopter. Well enough to manage by hovering Vmax., and at altitudes up to a practical ceiling”.

Cargo compartment Ka-22

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

Glider rotorcraft - semi-monocoque type of the cross set of stringers, beams, frames, diaphragms and stressed skin, alloys made of duralumin. Glider consists of the fuselage, tail classic aircraft type, vysokoraspolozhennogo cantilever wings and the chassis. At the ends of wing panels attached powerplant nacelle. In each engine nacelle positioned compactly (Chief Designer Soloviev PA) and gearbox (Chief Designer AGIvchenko). On the front output shaft of the motor is fixed variable pitch propeller (Wisch), and on the output shaft of the gearbox - rotor. Transmission, located in the wing, It combines two gearboxes, providing the synchronization speed of the left and right rotors, as well as their rotation when one engine.

The forward fuselage is cabin mate from his workplace and necessary navigational and electronic equipment. Lantern cab navigator has a large glass area for the convenience of visual orienteering. Bow compartment and cabin mate by hinges on the right side are connected to the docking frame attachment force fuselage. On the left side of the forward fuselage has power locks, mechanical fixation of the cover in the closed position. The nose compartment is made rotating by an angle of at least 90 ° in order to formation of the opening in the fuselage for loading and unloading cargo and equipment. Over the nose compartment (with some set back) located cockpit and flight engineer. In the workplace, the pilots placed the chair, dashboards, panels and rotary controls. The entrance door to the cockpit of the navigator and the pilot is on the left side of the cockpit of the navigator in the region of its connections to the fuselage.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

left nacelle, carrying and pulling the Ka-22 screws

Chassis - tricycle, fixed landing in flight, front support - lever type with two caster. Strut main landing - telescopic type, It has a single point of attachment on the lower wing panel plane and by two struts fixed to the fuselage floor power level to prevent movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Strut brace and two form a rigid triangular spatial farm. The stem ends with axle stands, on which two brake wheel mounted type. Track chassis is 7.86m, a base - 8.08m.
Four-bladed rotor mounted on the output shaft via the gear hub. The sleeve has four sleeves trehsharnirnyh, to which they dock propeller blade bolts. Kinematics blades management system using screws swash plate has no basic differences from the kinematics analogues, implemented on the single-rotor design helicopters. Constructive Unlike the hub is a significant removal of the vertical hinge axis with respect to its rotation, that provides a reduction in vibration level and prevent self-oscillation type apparatus “ground resonance”. In order to reduce the risk of flutter blades at high flight speeds value sway control angle has been reduced to zero.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

Vane rotor LD24 -C11 trapezoidal planform with negative geometrical twist 8 ° was made using composites of natural. Structurally, it includes a nose portion spar structure with a shell of a delta timber and aviafanery. To Rear bow blade glued in sections tail compartments, formed ribs and skin. The interior space is filled with foam compartments. In the fore portion along the front edge of the blade is located a lead counterweight. The leading edge of the bow of the top is closed over the entire length of the stainless steel sheet sections fittings of. To adjust sokonusnosti blade has two trimmer in the butt and the end portion at the end of the tail section. Blade root ends with a metal power unit for interfacing with bushing sleeve.

AT 1953 g. OKB n-l. Kamov began development of an experimental rotorcraft, capable of vertical take off, helicopter, and fly at high speed, the plane. Development was carried out by a joint technical-tactical military and civilian requirements, providing for the creation of airborne transport rotorcraft for the carriage of paratroopers, military equipment and oversized cargo in the cargo cabin with a large cargo door. In accordance with these TTT EDO ML. Mile began development of heavy transport helicopter Mi-6 single-rotor scheme with tail rotor, OKB a n-l. Kamov - amphibious transport rotorcraft Ka-22, taken along a transverse twin-screw scheme and equipped with two gas turbine engine installed in nacelles on the wing and the leading rotors and pulling propellers. Driving this rotorcraft was offered a leading authority in aerodynamics bureau VB. Barševska, that the project of high-speed rotorcraft «X» has been previously developed.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

This project offers the famous passenger and transport aircraft Li-2 mounted on top of the fuselage to provide coaxial rotor, screws driven from the main engine to provide vertical takeoff and landing. Project rotorcraft twin-screw cross-circuit to the wing and pulling screws investigated in OKB I.P. Bratukhina as the further development of an experienced helicopter twin-screw cross-scheme B-11.

Rotorcraft Ka-22 size and takeoff weight significantly superior to the Ka-15 and KA-18 and different original layout and many new technical solutions, which required a huge amount of research in the Design Bureau and TsAGI, and then in the Flight Research Institute (steer) them. MM. Gromova. rotorcraft model was built with a drive bearing and the propeller, tested in a wind tunnel TSAGI at flow rates up to 125 m / s, appropriate flight speed 450km / h, in which the ends of the upcoming streamlined blades with supersonic speed. Particular attention was paid to the aerodynamic design of the blades with supersonic profiles: It has been tested 20 various configurations of blades in TsAGI and FRI to stand elektrovintovom; model rotor diameter of 7.2m was tested in TSAGI, and then the full-scale rotor was tested for the Mi-4 LII. For fine-tuning the power plant with two gas turbine engines and complex transmission system for the drive bearing and propeller in the bureau, with the participation of experts of the Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM) special full-scale stand with automatic control system was built.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

The construction of an experimental compound helicopter Ka-22 was completed in the early 1959 g, 17 June 1959 g. Test Pilot DK. Efremov rotorcraft ripped from the ground, 19 July has accomplished the flight to hover, a 15 August flew in circles. AT 1960 g. it was decided to manufacture small series rotorcraft at an aircraft factory in Tashkent; management of all works on the Ka-22 was assigned to the deputy chief designer in. AND. Biryulina.

During factory tests rotorcraft Ka-22 Test Pilot- I D.K.. Yefremov and VV. Gromov in 1961 g. it was found 8 world record for rotorcraft, including the absolute world speed records 356.3km / h and a height of 2588m and a maximum lifting load 16,485kg to a height of 2000m, not surpassed hitherto. AT 1961 g. rotorcraft Ka-22 was demonstrated on air in Tushino. In February 1962 g. it was decided to hold two copies of the rotorcraft flight test special design bureau in cooperation with the Ministries of Defense and Civil Aviation, to submit a proposal for the further development, but in the summer 1962 g. with two ferry flights rotorcraft one of them with the crew, headed by DK. Ephraim, crashed, because of what the tests were interrupted.

In summer 1964 g. second rotorcraft after numerous dodelok was brought to public Air Force tests for joint flights with test pilots YA. Garnaeva of LII and C. D. Brovtsev of GK NII VVS and Test Engineer. Upon completion of a test flight 6 July 1964 g. rotorcraft, piloted by SG. Brovtsev, I lost control and began to fall. YU. A. Garnaev and engineers Force VI. Bahr and VS. Dordan managed to jump out on parachutes, and C. D. Brovtsev and engineer AS. horns were killed. Because two accidents occurred and to identify when testing high complexity rotorcraft structure and its control system 1964 g. it was decided to terminate the development of, Despite the progress in testing high performance characteristics.

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

The performance characteristics of the Ka-22

– Getting Started: 1961 year
– End of operation: 1964 year
– units produced: 4

The crew of the Ka-22

– 4 man

Capacity Ka-22

– 5000-8000 kg

Overall dimensions of the Ka-22

– Length: 26,75 m
– Wingspan: 23,8 m
– The diameter of the rotor: 22,5 m
– Height: 10,37 m

The dimensions of the cargo compartment:
– length: 17,8 m
– width: 2,8 m
– height: 2,4 m

Weight Ka-22

– Normal takeoff weight: 31 000 kg
– Maximum takeoff weight: 32 000 kg
– Mass fuel in internal tanks: 4600 kg

Engines Kamov Ka-22

– Power point: 2 × D-25VK
– engine power: 2 × 5500 l. from.

Ka-22 speed

– full speed: 370 kmh
– Cruising speed: 316 kmh
– The length of the run: 800 m
– path length: 800 m

Range of the Ka-22 flight

– 720 km

Practical ceiling Ka-22

– 4300 m

Static ceiling Ka-22

– 5500 m

Photo Kamov Ka-22

 Kamov Ka-22 Engines. dimensions. The weight. story. Range of flight

 

A source

                          
Chat in TELEGRAM:  t.me/+9Wotlf_WTEFkYmIy

Playmarket