BA-64 - Soviet light armored vehicle. The most massive and the only all-wheel drive armored vehicle serial Soviet WWII period, BA-64 was developed on its own initiative a group of specialists of the Gorky Automobile Plant under a lead designer in. A. Grachev. As used passenger car chassis GAZ-64, which placed quite compact hull of the two crew members.
Bronyeavtomobili AND 64 – video
Design
BA-64 had an arrangement with the placement of the engine compartment in the front of the machine, and driver's compartment and the crew compartment - aft. armored crew consisted of two people: the driver and commander, also served as the tower arrow.
Armor hull and turret
BA-64 was differentiated bulletproof armor protection. Body armor BA-64 going by welding of rolled sheet steel armor thickness, the machines of the early issues, 4, 6, 9 and 12 mm, all subsequent - 4, 6, 7, 9 and 15 mm. In cross-section the housing has a hexagonal shape, all its surface were placed at angles not less than 30 ° to the vertical. The front part of the housing had a step shape and onto BA-64 was formed: upper frontal sheet thickness control compartment 12, the machines later releases - 15 mm, located at an angle of 40 ° to the vertical; middle sheet, performs the role of the roof of the engine compartment, thickness 6 mm and disposed at an angle of 84 °, two lower frontal sheet thickness 9 mm, arranged at an angle 30 and 52 °. On machines later releases two lower leaves were replaced by one, disposed obliquely at 32 °. The bottom of the front part of the housing serving for the air intake to the engine and consisted of 6-mm vzaimoperekryvayuschihsya armored shutters. The lower part of the housing was made of bead arranged obliquely in the thickness of 30 ° bronelistov 9 mm, the machines later releases - 7 mm. The upper side plates are also arranged at an angle of 30 ° and have a thickness 6 mm in the area of the engine compartment and 9 mm - in the area of the driver's compartment and crew compartment. body feed consisted of 9 mm topsheet, disposed obliquely at 30 °, and 6 mm bottom, who had a tilt angle of 35 °. The floor and roof of the housing have a thickness, respectively, 4 and 6 mm.
This booking level provides machine protection rifle conventional 7.62-mm bullets - all distances, armor - only for the driver's compartment and crew compartment. 12.7 mm conventional bullets upper frontal sheet protected at all distances, whereas the remaining sheets frontal - but at distances more 500 m. From the same armor-piercing 12.7 mm bullets protected only the upper frontal sheet, and only at distances of more than 800 m. BA-64B as a whole has the same body shape, but the thickness of the lower frontal sheet was increased to 11 mm, to 7 mm - thickness of the air intake shutters, to 8 mm - cover air intake in the roof of the engine compartment, to 11 mm - nyzhneho feed bronelistami, whereas the upper thickness was opposite, reduced to 11 mm. Besides, BA-housing 64B was carried out armor steel 77, featuring a large bulletproof. Embarkation and disembarkation of crew on all modifications carried out through two hatches in the lower-sheet separation, Besides, commander could carry it through the top of the tower.
The tower had armored octagonal in shape as a truncated pyramid, open at the top. The walls of the tower positioned at an angle of 30 ° and had the early releases machines thickness 9 mm, on the following machines - 10 mm. The tower was placed on a rotating column, Placed on the floor of the crew compartment, the machines of the early issues due to the roof of the body she had, but the machines later releases to increase the stability of the tower are four clips have been added, On the roof opyravshyhsya. Rotating tower was carried out manually, pushing connects it with the support of the arc column. To fix in position, the tower was equipped with a hand brake, clip. The top of the tower on the machines of the early issues could be covered with folding metal grids, later eliminated, and canvas awning for protection from the weather. Besides, height of the tower on the machines later releases was increased from 275 to 290 mm.
BA-64 primary armament was 7.62mm gun DT-29
weaponry
BA-64 primary armament was 7.62mm gun DT-29. The initial velocity during firing light bullet was 840 m / s, and the rate of fire - 600 rounds per minute, at rate of up to combat 100 rounds per minute. Mass gun without magazine was 8,35 kg. The machine gun was mounted in front of the tower in the turret, allows its tip vertical in the range from -36 to + 54 °. Ground targets gun fire led through a vertical recess, horizontal guidance while, except for a narrow sector, provided porthole, carried out by turning the tower. For aerial gunnery turret can use the handwheel to climb over the top edge of the tower, allowing it to rotate freely. Also, the machine gun can be removed for use outside the car, for which he was supplied with detachable bipod.
For aiming a machine gun used standard rear sight when shooting at ground targets, allowed the aimed fire at a fixed distance 400 m, 600 m, 800 and 1000 m. Maximum sighting range - 1500 m. When firing at aerial targets employed annular Sight, the maximum reach height gun was 500 m. Ammunition gun was 1260 rounds in 20 disk stores 63 chuck, on machines equipped with a radio station, he was reduced to 17 stores or 1071 chuck. pomimo machinegun, for BA-64 was completed near the Defense 6 fragmentation grenade F-1, as well as the crew's personal weapons, such as pistols, machine guns.
AD-64D with a heavy machine gun DSK
observation and communication tools
Surveillance of the terrain for the driver on the BA-64 was placed in a confined upper front manhole broneliste, wherein for observation under combat conditions scripting periscope mirror viewing device triplex with protective glass and the inner armor valve, a similar set on a light tank T-60, and provides an overview of a frontal sector.[34] At BA-64B add to this, two located in the upper side plates inspection flap control compartment armored shutters. Commander of the machine can be monitored through the open top of the tower, either through the gun embrasure; In addition, the side plates of the tower housed two peepholes with armored shutters, armored visors and protective safety glass. At BA-64 and later releases BA-64B have been replaced mirror periscope observation devices, the same unit of the driver.
The majority of the BA-64 issued any special tools external communication had, only a smaller part of the machine is mounted radio different models. On AD-64 installed radio model RB-64-142200, or close to it in characteristics 12RP. At BA-64B was mounted radio 12RP or 12RPB, differs from the first by the presence of short antenna tank type headset and handset instead of, which increased the communication efficiency. Both options provide 12RP communication distance off the 8-15 km, depending on local conditions, by telephone and to 30 - in the telegraph; in the movement range of communication declined to 4 km, And radio stations on the go work in practice was possible only for 12RPB.
TO-64E – armored personnel carrier for six infantrymen
Engine and transmission
The power plant was BA-64 as a whole is taken from the base GAZ-64. Armored vehicle was equipped with an inline four-cylinder four-stroke carbureted engine cooling liquid, model GAZ-MM. With a working volume of 3280 cm³, developed engine power 50 l. from. at 2800 rev / min. From the base vehicle BA-64 differed by changes in engine design systems, it allows, if necessary, to work for low-grade petrol and oil. Fuel tank was BA-64 90 liters. BA-64B differed installing forced to 54 l. from. modified carburetor and engine design.
The composition of BA-64 were Gearing:
– dry single plate friction clutch;
– mechanical four-stage (4+1) Transmission;
– mechanical single-stage transfer case, Allows you to disable Front Axle;
– two drive shafts, connected the transfer box with bridges;
– two bridges.
Transmission of serial BA-64 was identical to, except for the introduction in February 1943 , the transmission locking mechanism, prevent the simultaneous inclusion of first gear and reverse gear.
Chassis
BA-64 had wheeled formula 4 × 4. Suspension front wheels chetvertellipticheskih consisted of two springs and a hydraulic damper for each. Suspension of the each of the rear wheels of the semi-elliptical leaf springs was, two single-acting hydraulic shock absorbers and equipped with a torsion stabilizer lateral stability. Since February 1943 , additional two shock absorbers on the front wheels were added to the suspension, as well as reinforced springs. BA-64B differed extended a track of, which increased the stability of the machine and allowed to abandon the stabilizer lateral stability. Besides, October and November 1944 year of its chassis has been further strengthened.
Managed BA-64 wheels - front, steering gear consisted of a globoid worm gear and a double roller with longitudinal and transverse rods. Brakes AD-64 - drum on all wheels, power-operated. The wheels were equipped with armored vehicles on the battlefield bulletproof tires size 7.00-16 "type" CC "with a foam rubber filler, but they are limited to a maximum speed 40 kmh, therefore in non-combat situation on BA-64 installed appropriately sized conventional pneumatic tires.
Operation and use of combat
the USSR
The first BA-64 began to enter the army in May 1942 year and in the summer of the same year they took part in the fighting in the Bryansk and Voronezh fronts. The main disadvantages of BA-64 is its lack of firepower in the battle, as well as the difficulty of evacuation from a damaged car and tanned, that could cost the lives of the crew. At the same time, mobile, maneuverable and have relatively high cross armored well in reconnaissance raids, amphibious operations, and even accompanied by infantry and fire support. BA-64 proved to be particularly effective in the storming of cities, due to the large angle of elevation arms, can fire on the upper floors of buildings in urban warfare, that for most other armor samples was not available. In this role, they are widely used in offensive operations, the final period of the war, right up to the capture of Berlin.
Due to the same advantages of the BA-64 was also used to repel attacks by enemy aircraft on the march. Although the likelihood of knock down an enemy aircraft fire from DT was very small, but the protective effect was no doubt - the enemy was deprived of freedom of maneuver at low altitudes, attack where a ground targets by firing of the air guns and machine guns onboard most deadly. Therefore, the anti-aircraft fire from the BA-64 on an enemy aircraft contributed to a significant reduction in casualties among troops protected them.
By the end of World War II was in the army 3314 armored vehicles of all types, in the vast majority - BA-64 both of modifications. After the war, the survivors of the BA-64 was soon scrapped, BA-64B service in the Soviet Army and was relatively short-lived. They are mostly used as a combat training, at least until 1953 of the year. Sometimes the BA-64 is also used for hot link or, after installing powerful radio station, as mobile command posts. In the role of training machines, used to prepare the crew wheeled armored vehicles BTR-40 and APC-152, BA-64 used before the mid-1950s.
Other countries
Polish troops during the war has been transferred 81 AND 64, from which to 16 June 1945 years in the ranks remained 53 cars, all - the modification of the BA-64B. In the post-war Polish Army BA-64 were part of the state of tank regiments 5/25, had one of the armored cars as part of a staff platoon. Also, part of the BA-64 was reduced to platoons of three machines, imparted to the 1st, 3-and, 8-and, 9-th and 14-th Infantry Division, who led the fight against the UPA forces in southern and eastern Poland, but in February 1948 , these squads were disbanded. After the reorganization of the armed forces in the early 1950s, BA-64 used, first of all, as part of reconnaissance battalions, divisions, include at 5 armored vehicles of this type. At the end of the 1940s, after the downsizing of the armed forces, a large part of the Polish BA-64 was withdrawn from service, but in the years 1951-1952 in the USSR were acquired more 55 TO-64B, and 31 December 1954 year, the number in the People's Army of Poland 97 armored vehicles of this type.
Czechoslovak Army Corps in 1943 he received 10 TO-64B, of which one company of armored vehicles was formed. In small quantities BA-64 were used during the war and German troops, as the Wehrmacht, and SS, mostly in police and security units. After the war, a number of the BA-64 was transferred to the GDR, where they were used mainly as police cars.
TO-64-going (winter) – photo of the experimental semi-tracked snowmobiles
modifications
– BA-64 - initial model armored turret with rotating turret DDT GAZ-64.
– BA-64B - a modernized version of the armored car on the chassis of GAZ-67 and GAZ-67B.
– BASH-646 - HQ embodiment armored with various embodiments armored housing.
– TO-64D (D - symbol for the ANC) - version with 12.7-mm heavy machine gun DSK. Sometimes referred to as the BA-BA-64K or 64DSHK.
– BA-64E - armored personnel carrier for six infantrymen.
– TO-64V-64G (sometimes referred to as BA-64ZHD) - two variants bronedrezynы on bazeilles BA-64, production, respectively, Vyksa Steel Works and GAZ.
– AND-643 (sometimes called BA-64SKH) - experimental half-track snowmobile on the basis of the BA-64.
AND b4G – with a conventional chassis, but with reverse and four rollers with flanges
Performance characteristics of AD-64
The layout: classical
Crew, pers.: 2
Manufacturer: Gorky Automobile Plant
years of production: 1942—1945
years of operation: 1942 - 1950's
The number of issued, PC.: 9110
64-Ves
– 2,36 tonnes
Dimensions BA-64
– body Length, mm: 3660
– housing width, mm: 1530
– Height, mm: 1900
– base, mm: 2100
– Track, mm: 1240
– Clearance, mm: 210
Bumper AD-64
– Type broni: rolled steel
– housing forehead (top), mm / city.: 12 / 40°
– housing forehead (middle), mm / city.: 6 / 84°
– housing forehead (through), mm / city.: 9 / 30—52°
– body board (top), mm / city.: 6—9 / 30°
– body board (through), mm / city.: 6—7 / 30°
– housing feed (top), mm / city.: 9 / 30°
– housing feed (through), mm / city.: 6 / 35°
– Bottom, mm: 4
– corps roof, mm: 6
– tower forehead, mm / city.: 9 / 30°
– board towers, mm / city.: 9 / 30°
– tower feed, mm / city.: 9 / 30°
– tower roof, mm: open
Arming BA-64
– sights: dioptricheskiy
– Shotgun: 1 × 7,62-mm DT-29
Engine BA-64
– engine's type: inline 4-cylinder liquid-cooled Carburetor
– Engine power, l. from.: 50
BA-64 Speed
– Road speed, kmh: 80
– Cruising on the highway, km: 560
– power density, l. p. / m: 21,2
– Kolёsnaya formula: 4 × 4
– suspension type: leaf springs and hydraulic shock absorbers
– Gradeability, city.: 36
– to overcome the wall, m: 0,25
– trench, m: 0,35
– fording, m: 0,9
Photo AND 64
Restored armored BA-64
