Submarines Project 941 "Shark" – the world's largest

Heavy ballistic missile submarine project 941 «Shark» (SSBN «Typhoon» NATO codification) — series of Soviet and Russian submarines, the world's largest nuclear-powered submarines (and submarines in general).

Submarines Project 941 «Shark» – video

Tactical and technical requirements for the design was issued in December 1972 of the year, chief designer of the project was assigned C. n. Kovalev. A new type of submarines positioned as a response to the US SSBN construction type «Ohio» (The first boat of the two projects almost simultaneously were laid 1976 year). The dimensions of the new ship were caused by the new dimensions of the three-stage solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile R-39 (RSM-52), which was planned to equip the boat. Compared with missiles «Trident-I», which were equipped with American «Ohio», R-39 had better performance filter range, Throw-weight and had 10 blocks against 8 in «Trident». but, wherein R-39 was almost twice as long and three times harder US counterpart. To accommodate such large rockets standard pattern layout SSBNs not approached. 19 December 1973 , the Government had decided to start work on the design and construction of new generation strategic missile.

The first boat of this type TK-208 (which means «heavy cruiser») It was founded in the enterprise «Sevmash» in June 1976 of the year, launching held 23 September 1980 of the year. Before launching the bow below the waterline on board the submarine was applied image shark, later stripe shark appeared and crew form. Despite a late start of the project, Head cruiser went to sea trials for a month before the US «Ohio» (4 July 1981 of the year). TK-208 came into service 12 December 1981 of the year. all with 1981 by 1989 year was launched and put into operation 6 Boat type «Shark». To plan the seventh ship has not been laid; prepared for him hull structures.

Building «9-story» submarines provided more orders 1000 enterprises of the Soviet Union. Just on «Sevmash» 1219 human, participated in the creation of this unique ship, received government awards. For the first time the creation of a series «Shark» said Leonid Brezhnev at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU.

To ensure the recharging missiles and torpedoes 1986 It was built diesel-electric transport-raketovoz «Alexander Brikin» project 11570 Full displacement 16 000 t, he took on board up 16 BRPL.

AT 1987 by TK-12 «Simbirsk» undertook a long trip to the high-latitude Arctic with repeated replacement crews.

27 September 1991 during the school year starting in the White Sea in the TC-17 «Arkhangelsk» It exploded and burned the training missile in mine. The explosion was thwarted Duct cover, and warhead missiles — thrown into the sea. During the incident, the crew was not injured; Boat was forced to stand on a small repair.

AT 1998 year in the Northern Fleet have been tested, in which was made «simultaneous» start 20 of R-39.

The design of submarine project 941 «Shark»

The power plant configured as two independent trains, located in different housings strong. The reactors are equipped with an automatic extinguishing system in case of loss of power supply and pulse equipment to monitor the status of reactors. When designing in the TTZ has included an item on the need to ensure the safe radius, for this purpose have been developed and tested in pilot experiments compartments methods for calculating the dynamic strength of the housing complex nodes (module mounting, pop chambers and containers, intercase connection).

to build «sharks» on «Sevmash» It was specially erected a new shop number 55 — the largest indoor boathouse in the world. Vessels have a large reserve of buoyancy — more 40 %. In exactly half submerged displacement falls on ballast water, for the boats in the fleet received the unofficial title «Vodovoz», and competing KB «Malachite» — «technology victory over common sense». One of the reasons for this decision is the requirement for developers to provide the smallest ship draft to allow the use of existing piers and repair bases. Also, it is a large reserve buoyancy, coupled with robust logging, It allows the boat to break through the ice thickness 2,5 m, for the first time allowed to conduct combat duty in the high latitudes up to the North Pole.

housing

The design feature is the presence of the boat inside the light housing five habitable durable housings. Two of them are the main, have a maximum diameter 10 m and are arranged parallel to each other, On A catamaran. In front of the ship, between the main pressure hulls, located missile silos, which were first placed in front of cabin. Besides, There are three separate sealed compartment: torpedo room, slot management module with a central post and stern mechanical compartment. Relocation and accommodation of three compartments in the space between the main body allowed to raise fire safety and survivability boats.

Both main solid body are interconnected by three passages through intermediate compartments solid capsule: nose, in the center and aft. The total number of watertight compartments of the boat — 19. Two pop-up rescue chamber, designed for the crew, arranged in the base under the cutting guard sliding devices.

Solid body made of a titanium alloy, easy — steel, coated and non-resonant acoustic protivolokatsionnym rubber coating Weighing 800 t. According to US experts, are provided with soundproofing coatings and robust hull. The ship was developed cruciform tail empennage with horizontal rudders, placed directly behind the screws. Front made retractable hydroplanes.

For, that the boats were able to carry on duty at high latitudes, cutting the fence performed very durable, able to break through the ice thickness 2-2,5 m (winter ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean varies from 1,2 to 2 m, and in some places up to 2,5 m). Bottom surface covered with ice build-up in the form of stalactites or icicles considerable size. When surfacing submarine, removing the bow hydroplanes, slowly pressed against the ice ceiling specially adapted for this fencing nose and cutting, then abruptly blown main ballast tanks.

Power point

Home nuclear power plant is designed according to the modular principle, and includes two water-cooled thermal reactor OK-650 with a thermal capacity of 190 MW shaft power — 2×50 000 l. from., as well as two steam-turbine plants, disposed one in both the pressure hull, which significantly increases the survivability of the boat. Use of a two-stage system of rubber-pneumatic damping and block layout of machines and equipment has greatly improved vibration isolation units and, thereby, to reduce the noise of the boat.

As propulsion uses two low-speed noiseless semilopastnyh fixed pitch propellers. To reduce the noise level of the screws mounted ducted (fenestron). On the boat there are traffic backup media — two DC motor on 190 kW. For maneuvering in cramped conditions has a thruster in the form of two hinged columns with electric motors for 750 kW and rotating propellers. Thrusters are located fore and aft parts of the ship.

Habitability

The crew is housed in a luxury environment. On the boat there is a lounge for relaxing, gym, Swimming pool size 4×2 m and depth 2 m, filled with fresh water or salt water, seawater, with heating, solarium, fine oak planks sauna, «pets' corner». Rank and file is located in the small capacity forecastle, command staff — in two- and four-bed cabins with washbasins, TV and air-conditioning system. There are two wardroom: one — for officers, other — for warrant officers and sailors. submarine type «Shark» sailors call «floating „Hilton "».

environmental regeneration

AT 1984 , for participating in the creation of TRPKSN etc.. 941 «Typhoon» FSUE «Special Design and Technological Bureau of electrochemistry with a pilot plant» (to 1969 of the year — Moscow smelter) awarded the Order of Red Banner of Labor.

Armament submarines of Project 941 «Shark»

The main armament — 20-three-stage solid-propellant rocket missile P-39 D-19 complex «option». These missiles have the highest launch weight (together with the starting container — 90 t) and length (17,1 m) taken into service from SLBMs. Combat range missiles — 8300 km, warhead — Split apart: 10 warheads with individual guidance on 100 kilotons of TNT each.

Due to the large dimensions of the P-39 boat project «Shark» They were the only carriers of these missiles. The design of the missile complex D-19 were tested in a specially converted project 619 diesel submarine BS-153, which was based in Sevastopol, but it could accommodate only one mine for the P-39 and limited to seven starts throwing dummies. Start all ammunition missiles «sharks» It can be performed with one salvo with a small interval between the start of individual missiles.

You can start both from a surface, and from underwater at depths of up to 55 m and with no restrictions on weather conditions. Due amortization missile launch system APCC missile launch is carried out using a dry powder shafts accumulator pressure, to reduce the interval between the launch and the noise level of prelaunch. One of the features of the complex — using rocket APCC suspended at the mine mouth. When designing the ammunition provided for the deployment of 24 missiles, but, by the decision of the USSR Navy Commander Admiral C.. D. Gorshkov, their number has been reduced to 20.

AT 1986 year the government passed a resolution on the development of an improved version of the missile — P 39UTTH «bark». The new modification was planned to increase firing range 10 000 km and implementation of the system passes through the ice. [16] Rearmament missile was planned to carry out 2003 of the year — warranty expiration resource produced of R-39. AT 1998 year after the third unsuccessful launch the Ministry of Defense has decided to discontinue work on the ready for 73 % complex. Develop other solid fuel SLBM «Mace» instructed Moscow Institute of Thermal, developer «land» MBR «Topol M».

In addition to strategic weapons, on the boat found 6 torpedo tubes 533 mm, designed to fire torpedoes and rocket-torpedoes, as well as for setting minefields.

Air defense is provided with eight sets MPADS «Igla-1».

missile project «Shark» equipped with the following electronic weapons:

•  combat information management system «omnibus»;
•  analog sonar system «Skat-KS» (on the TK-208 in medium repairs installed digital «Skate-3»);
•  sonar mine-detector MG-519 «harp»;
•  эholedomer MG-518 «north»;
•  radar system MRKP-58 «blizzard»;
•  navigation system «Symphony»;
•  radio range «Lightning-L1» a satellite communication system «Tsunami»;
•  MTC-100 television complex;
•  pop two antenna type buoyant, Allows you to receive radio messages, targeting signals and navigation satellite in deep water up to 150 m and under ice.

representatives

The first boat of this type, TK-208, It was founded in the enterprise «Sevmash» in June 1976 year and put into operation in December 1981 of the year, substantially simultaneously with the same type NPBMS US Navy «Ohio». Originally it was planned to build 7 boat project, but under the agreement SALT-1 series is limited to six ships (the seventh ship of the series — TK-210 was pulled on the stocks).

All 6 built TRPKSN based in the Northern Fleet in the West Face (Nerpichiya lip) at 45 kilometers from the border to Norway, this: TK-208 «Dmitry Donskoy»; TK-202; TK-12 «Simbirsk»; TK-13; TK-17 «Arkhangelsk»; TK-20 «Severstal».

recovery

In accordance with an agreement on limiting strategic arms SALT 2, as well as due to lack of funds for maintenance of boats in the combat readiness (one heavy cruiser — 300 million rubles a year, the 667BDRM — 180 million rubles) and in connection with the termination of the P-39 production missiles, which are the main weapons «sharks», it was decided to dispose of three of the six ships built project, and the seventh ship, TK-210, did not finish building. As one embodiment peaceful applications of these giant submarines alterations seen in underwater transports them to supply Norilsk or tankers, However, these projects were not implemented.

The cost of disposal was approximately one cruiser $10 million, of them $2 million was allocated from the Russian budget, rest — facilities, provided by the United States and Canada.

Current status

As of 2013 year of 6 built with Soviet ships 3 ship design 941 recycled, 2 ship in reserve, and one upgraded by the project 941UM.

Due to a chronic lack of funding, in 1990 planned disabling all units, but, with the advent of the financial capacity and the revision of the military doctrine of the remaining ships (TK-17 «Arkhangelsk» and TK-20 «Severstal») We have been supporting the repair in 1999—2002 years. TK-208 «Dmitry Donskoy» passed overhaul and modernization project 941UM in 1990—2002 respectively, and from December 2003 year is used within the test program, the latest Russian SLBM «Mace».

18-Division submarines, which included all «sharks», It has been reduced. As of February 2008 Year included in its composition, in reserve working after making resource missiles «main battery», TK-17 «Arkhangelsk» (Recently alert — October 2004 to January 2005 of the year) and TK-20 «Severstal» (Recently alert — 2002 year), and converted under « mace» K-208 «Dmitry Donskoy». TK-17 «Arkhangelsk» and TK-20 «Severstal» more than three years were pending a decision on the recovery or re-new SLBM, while in August 2007 , the Commander of the Navy Admiral of the Fleet in. AT. Masorin not reported, As for 2015 year does not provide for the modernization of submarines «Shark» a missile system «Bulava-M».

In March 2012 year, it was reported from the Russian Defense Ministry sources, that the strategic nuclear submarine project 941 «Shark» will not upgrade for financial reasons. According to the source, deep modernization of one «sharks» is comparable in cost to the construction of two new submarines of Project 955 «Northwind». Submarine TK-17 «Arkhangelsk» and TK-20 «Severstal» It will not be upgraded in the light of the recent decision, TK-208 «Dmitry Donskoy» It continues to be used as a test platform for weapons systems and sonar systems to 2019 g.

The performance characteristics of submarine project 941 «Shark»

Speed (surfaced)…………..12 knots
Speed (underwater)…………..25 knots(46,3 kmh)
Operating depth…………..400 m
Diving limit…………..500 m
Endurance…………..180 day (6 months)
Crew…………..160 human(incl. 52 officer)

Overall dimensions of the project boats 941 «Shark»
displacement above-water…………..23 200 t
displacement underwater…………..48 000 t
Length overall (at KVL)…………..172,8 m
The widths cabinet Naib……………23,3 m
average sediment (at KVL)…………..11,2 m

Power point
2 pressurized water reactor OK-650VV on 190 MW each.
2 turbines 45000-50000 HP. each
2 propeller shaft 7 lobate screw diameter 5,55 m
4 steam turbines for NPP 3,2 MW
reserve:
2 diesel ASDG-800 (kW)
Lead-acid AB, product 144

weaponry
Torpedo-mine armament…………..6 TA caliber 533 mm;
22 torpedo: 53-65TO, CET 65, SAET-60M, USET-80. Rocket-torpedo «waterfall» or «Squall»
Missiles…………..20 SLBM R-39 (RSM-52) or R-30 Bulava (pr.941UM)
MLP…………..8 MANPADS «Needle»

Photo Submarine Project 941 «Shark»

The length of the submarine project 941 «Shark» compared with a football field

TRPKSN TK-12 «Simbirsk» project 941 «Shark». The third submarine of this series on recycling.

TRPKSN TK-20 «Severstal» project 941 «Shark». Sixth submarine of this series.

TRPKSN TK-208 «Dmitry Donskoy» project 941 «Shark». The first submarine in the series.

TK-17 «Arkhangelsk» project 941 «Shark». The fifth submarine of this series.

TRPKSN TC-202 etc.. 941 «Shark». The second ship of the series. July 1990 g. Arctic 87 g. s.sh.

TRPKSN TC-13 project 941 «Shark». The fourth submarine series on waste

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