BTR-80 - Soviet armored personnel carrier. Created in the early 1980s as a further development of the armored personnel carriers BTR-70, taking into account the identified shortcomings of the Afghan war last, and was intended to replace it in the mechanized infantry troops.
BTR-80 – video
BTR-80 went into production in 1984 year, and, repeatedly becomes modernized, as of 2012 year is still in production. Recent modifications of the BTR-80, equipped with enhanced weapons, many experts are classified as wheeled infantry fighting vehicles. Soviet forces applied in Afghanistan war, and since the 1990s, it is the main armored vehicles of the Armed Forces of Russia and some other former Soviet republics and has been used in virtually every major armed conflicts in the former Soviet Union. Actively supplied and exported, total, as of 2011 year, the BTR-80 is at least armed 26 states.
History of the creation and production
It began running in serial production of the main Soviet armored personnel carrier to the top of the 1980s in 1976 year, the BTR-70. Experience of their operation has shown shortly, what, despite a considerable improvement compared with the earlier BTR-60, most of the major shortcomings of its predecessor fell to him almost unchanged. One was a relatively complicated and unreliable design powerplant of paired carburettor engines, differing to the same high fuel consumption and a number of other disadvantages compared with a diesel engine. No less serious problem remained poor landing and landing of troops and crew, only slightly improved compared to the BTR-60. unsatisfactory, as demonstrated by the Afghan war, remained and security-in machines. To all this on the BTR-70 were added problems with pump-jet-new, which afloat often clog with algae, Peat manure and similar items.
To remedy these shortcomings,, at the Gorky Automobile Plant design bureau under the guidance and. Flies and E. Murashkina in the early 1980s, was designed by an armored personnel carrier GAZ-5903. While maintaining the same layout of the BTR-70, the new machine is different from it a number of changes. Instead doubles carburettor engines one diesel engine higher power scripting, for boarding and disembarkation of the crew have been introduced long double-wing hatches in the hull sides. the case itself to become 115 mm higher and longer, and 100 mm wider, although the overall height of the machine increased by only 30 mm. A further development has been the desire to ensure the crew to firing from under armor protection, Why rifle ports in the sides of the housing units have been replaced by ball, deployed on a front side of the hemisphere. Booking an armored personnel carrier was strengthened only slightly, but even in this case the mass of the GAZ-5903 increased by 18 % compared to the BTR-70, from 11,5 to 13,6 tonnes, Although the mobility of the machine as a whole remained unchanged, and the power supply has only increased. After successful state testing, GAZ-5903 it was 1986 he was admitted to the Soviet Army under the designation BTR-80.
Design
BTR-80 has a layout with the location of the driver's compartment in the front, combined amphibious and combat - in the middle, and the engine-transmission - in the rear of the machine. Staff BTR-80 crew consists of three people: squad (cars), the driver and gunner; besides them, armored personnel carrier can carry seven people inside the landing, the troop compartment, and as much again from the outside, on armor.
Armor hull and turret
BTR-80 has a weakly differentiated bulletproof armor protection. Body armor conveyor going through welding of rolled homogenous steel armor sheet thickness from 5 to 9 mm. Most sheets vertical reservation BTR-80, except for the lower board and feed, installed at great angles. Armored hull of the BTR-80 has a streamlined shape, increases its amphibious quality and is equipped with a foldable flap volnootrazhatelnym, fit into the stowed position on the middle front body sheet, thus slightly increasing its defense.
The front housing portion is located driving compartment, in which, left and right, respectively,, are a driver and commander of an armored personnel carrier. Behind him is the separation of troops, coincident with combat. Six Marines aft troop compartment are located there on two longitudinal plastic seats in the center, sitting face-to-board. In front of the, just behind the seats of the driver and commander, There are two single seats for the remaining members of the landing, while the right seat deployed on the fly, to allow firing, and the left, occupied by a member of the landing party, on the battlefield becoming turret gunner, deployed back to the board. Near places of all members of the landing, Additionally bašennogo arrow, in the sides there are eight spherical units with angles traverse from ± 15 to ± 25 ° for shooting from the sidearms. Ball Fitting deployed toward the front hemisphere, whereby the rear hemisphere is a dead zone for airborne, a small dead zone and has a front left. Also, two more hatches to bombard the upper hemisphere, without ball facilities, It is available in the landing hatches in the roof.
The BTR-80, as well as on progenitors, There are two rectangular landing sunroof, however, the primary means to him landing and landing are large double-wing side doors placed immediately behind the tower. The top cover side door leans forward on the fly, and the bottom opens down, becoming footrest, what, Unlike its predecessors, allowed to land and the landing of the BTR-80 on the go. The driver and commander, as on previous models armored vehicles, They have two individual semi-circular hatch on their jobs. Besides, BTR-80 in the case there are a number of manholes and hatches, allows access to the engine units, transmission and winches.
weaponry
Arming BTR-80 is coupled installation 14.5mm KPVT gun and 7.62 mm PKT. Installation is placed on journals in the frontal part of the tower, its vertical guidance, within -4 ... + 60 °, It is done manually with a screw mechanism, horizontal leveling is carried out by rotating the turret. Aiming at the target guns carried out using periscopic monocular riflescope 1PZ-2, who had variable magnification × 1.2 × 4 or a field of view, respectively, 49° and 14 ° and provides a fire from a range of up KPVT 2000 meters on ground targets and 1000 m air targets, and of the FCT - up 1500 meters at ground targets. KPVT designed to deal with lightly armored and unarmored enemy vehicles, including low-flying air targets, and has ammunition 500 rounds in 10 tapes, Curb armor-piercing incendiary bullet B-32, armor-piercing tracer BZT, armor-piercing incendiary, with a core of tungsten carbide, TJSC, PZ and incendiary incendiary of instant action MDZ. FCT is designed to engage manpower and fire weapons and ammunition in a 2000 rounds in 8 tapes.
observation and communication tools
The driver and the commander BTR-80 in the daytime in non-combat conditions oversee terrain through two closed wind glasses hatch in the upper front housing broneliste. In battle conditions or when driving at night, monitor the terrain they are led through the periscope observation devices of different types. The driver on the cars of early releases had three periscope observation devices TNPO-115 for a review of the front sector, by car follow the series to him was added another TNPO-115 in the upper left zygomatic broneliste housing. In nighttime conditions, center of the forward direction supersedes binocular periscope passive night vision device TVNE-4B, worked at the expense of strengthening of natural lighting, either due to the lighting of the headlamp FG125 with infrared light filter. Field of view along the horizon was 36 °, vertical - 33 °, and the range of vision under normal conditions - 60 meters with lighted headlamp and 120 with natural illumination of 5 10−3 lx.
The main observation means for commanding the machine is combined binocular periscope electro-optical viewing device TKN-3 with day and night channels passive. TKN-3 had an increase in 5 × to 4.2 × day and night for the channel, a field of view of 10 ° and 8 °, respectively. Installation device allows it to rotate within ± 50 ° horizontally and swing within -13 - + 33 ° in a vertical plane. Since the device was connected to the spotlight op-3GA2M with removable light filter, serves for illumination when insufficient natural illumination. Range night vision for TKN-3 was 300-400 meters. Pomimo TKN-3, Commander has three instruments TNPO-115 - two for the review of the sector and one of the front, established in the top right zygomatic broneliste.
For tower arrow, primary means of observation of the terrain is a gun sight, In addition he has periscope vision devices: TNP-205, Located in the left side of the tower and TNPT-1, installed in the roof of the tower and providing visibility to the rear. Troopers had two periscope observation devices TNP-165A, installed in the roof of the tower housing, seats in the paratroopers, gunners, and four devices TNPO-115, mounted in the upper board broneliste body on either side of the door.
For external communication, on the BTR-80 early releases established radio station R-123M, on machines later releases replaced with more modern F-163 or F-173. For internal communication, BTR-80 equipped with a tank intercom F-124 on three subscribers - commander, the driver and tower shooter.
Engine and transmission
On the BTR-80 is used Kamaz-7403 engine with turbocharger, installed in the engine breakup. BTR-80 with YaMZ-238M2 has an index of BTR-80M.
modifications
Soviet and Russian
– BTR-80 - basic version with arms of 14.5 mm KPVT gun and 7.62 mm PKT
– BTR-80K - the commander's variant of the BTR-80, retaining arms and further connected to staff and equipment
– BTR-80A - version with armament of a 30mm 2A72 automatic cannon and 7.62 mm machine gun PKT, installed in the new tower arrangement lafetnyj. Many experts classified as a wheeled infantry fighting vehicle
– BTR-80S - a variant of the BTR-80A Russian troops for the National Guard, equipped with a 14.5 mm machine gun KPVT and 7.62 mm in PCT tower arrangement lafetnyj
– BTR-80M - a variant of the BTR-80A with YaMZ-238 (240 hp) tires and CI-126 with increased bullet resistance. It differs from its predecessors increased body length.
hungarian
In Hungary, the family now CURRUS special machines were developed based on the BTR-80 with the installation of various accessories, taking into account the requirements of NATO:
– BTR-80 SKJ - armored medical vehicle
– BTR-80 VSF - Machine Radio- was- chemical reconnaissance
– The BTR-80 MVJ - recovery vehicle
– BTR-80 MPAEJ - car maintenance and repair
– BTR-80 MPFJ - Engineering Machine
Ukrainian
– BTR-80 CBA-2 - modernization of Ukrainian BTR-80 (BTR-80 tower demolished, instead it is mounted combat unit with a 30 mm automatic cannon and CBA-2 Ejection device for smoke grenades)
– BTR-80UM - modernization of Ukrainian BTR-80. Ukrainian engine installed "Yuzhdizelmash" Tokmak production capacity 300 horsepower and a new tower with a machine-gun and cannon armament (23-mm automatic cannon and 7.62 mm machine gun). The first demonstration of the BTR-80UM was presented at the exercise in September 1998 of the year
– BTR-80UP - Ukrainian-Polish modernization of the BTR-80, developed for Iraq. Rugged protection, installed new diesel engines power 300 l. from., new tires and new electrical and pneumatic systems, removed vodomotnaya installation. In addition to the linear Armored, designed 7 specific modifications
The performance characteristics of the BTR-80
Crew, pers.: 3
landing, pers.: 7
years of operation: from 1986 - Currently,
Weight BTR-80
– 13,6 tonnes
The dimensions of the BTR-80
– body Length, mm: 7650
– housing width, mm: 2900
– Height, mm: 2350..2460
– base, mm: 4400
– Track, mm: 2410
– Clearance, mm: 475
Bumper BTR-80
– Type broni: rolled steel
– housing forehead, mm / city.: 10
– body board, mm / city.: 7..9
– housing feed, mm / city.: 7
– tower forehead, mm / city.: 7
– board towers, mm / city.: 7
– cutting feed, mm / city.: 7
The armament of the BTR-80
– firing range, km: 1..2 (KPVT); 1,5 (FCT)
– sights: 1PZ-2
– Shotgun: 1 × 14,5-mm KPVT; 1 Mm × 7,62-PCT
Engine BTR-80
– engine's type: KamAZ 7403
– Engine power, l. from.: 260
BTR-80 speed
– Road speed, kmh: 80
– Speed over rough terrain, kmh: 20..40 on the ground; 9 afloat
– Cruising on the highway, km: 600
– Cruising cross country, km: 200..500 on dirt roads
– power density, l. p. / m: 19,1
– Kolёsnaya formula: 8 × 8 / 4
– suspension type: Individual torsion bar with hydraulic shock absorbers
– Gradeability, city.: 30
– to overcome the wall, m: 0,5
– trench, m: 2
– fording, m: floats
Photo BTR-80
Inside the BTR-80
The driver
KPVT (KPV heavy machine gun)
Optical sight for aiming KPVT
The troop compartment, for the six-equipped paratroopers. Need to say, that there is not particularly razvernoshsya. Just behind the seat is a power pack. there are situated: engine, jet drive, bilge pumps, filtrventelyatsionnaya installation, fuel tanks and generator.
fighting compartment, seat gunner KPVT
radio station
Embrasure with the ball for firing a machine gun
Sight 1PZ-7 on the BTR-80
Score stage diagram