BMP-1 (of armored infantry fighting vehicles) - the first Soviet serial floating armored combat tracked vehicle, designed for transporting personnel to the front edge, increasing its mobility, armed and security of the battlefield and joint action with the tanks in the battle. It was developed in GSKB-2 (home Special Design Bureau 2) at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named. AT. AND. Lenin to replace the BTR-50P.
BMP-1 – video
Fighting vehicle entered service the USSR Armed Forces of the Soviet Army in 1966 year. Commercially produced from 1966 by 1979 year.
Subsequently, drawings and other documentation have been transferred to the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant, which subsequently produced and BMP-2.
Design
For successful of overcoming water obstacles in the BMP-1 hollow metal rollers were installed, increasing the buoyancy. The machine did not have a water jet, so to speed up afloat on the rear fenders, over the tracks, We established a special lattice, redirecting the flow of water up to no caterpillars, and back. A front body form of the water flow directed downwards, that raises the nose of the car over the water.
BMP-1 had a fundamentally new design caterpillars, wherein the moving parts do not overlap, in the tank, which increased resource metal and rubber seals to 8000 km.
The propulsion system was created based on a very successful 12-cylinder diesel engine V-2, It is the basic unit for many civilian and military products and GSKB CTZ-2. Chief of Bureau of motor units and the author of many inventions for BMP-1 engine was in. D. eccentrics. Chief designer is p. P. Isakov.
Raskladka boekomplekta BMP-1
Device
Arming BMP-73 comprises a 1-mm 2A28 gun smoothbore "Thunder", coaxial machine gun 7.62 mm PKT and 9M14M ATGM "Baby", also attached to the troop compartment and transported anti-aircraft missile complex 9K32 "Arrow 2".
BMP-1 armored hulls welded, made from rolled steel of high hardness armor. The upper front part there is a large hatch, closing a folding ribbed aluminum alloy armor plate, providing access to the engine. Tower conical shape. To protect against penetrating nuclear explosion radiation fallout used to knock out.
Due to the small angle of the barrel lift, The crew in Afghanistan itself was mounted on the tower of the AGS-17 "Flame", which improved combat characteristics of the car in the mountains.
Protection
TTZ requirements foreseen to protect the machine software from 23-mm armor-piercing projectiles from the front lines of fire at a distance 500 m, and protection range from 7.62 mm armor piercing bullets at a range of 75 m. Placed at large angles of inclination of the frontal armor sheets body BMP-1 fragments kept lesion field artillery projectiles, armor-piercing bullets of small arms and heavy-caliber 12.7 mm machine guns, the latest shelling in the sector 60 range from zero degrees. In most cases the frontal armor were not penetrated by ammunition 20 mm "Oerlikon KAD» automatic gun (ранее Hispanic-Switzerland HS-820) at distances of more than 100 m. onboard, Aft armor and hull and turret roof provide protection from machinery 7.62mm bullets of small arms range from zero and from lung fragments of artillery shells, but do not protect against fire 12.7-mm machine gun at close range, and from heavy fragments of shell. field testing, Nevertheless, show, that stern doors, fuel tanks which are filled with sand, is maintained regular firing 12.7mm bullets. During the fighting in Afghanistan and Chechnya with the shooting of a general-purpose machine guns (FCT, M60) at small distances of the order of 30-50 m 7.62 mm armor-piercing bullets, in some cases penetrated the stern doors and hatches of the BMP-1.
BMP-1 in Syria rails and circular grating formed around the tower by “the standard” scheme
BMP-1 in Syria 2 additional machine guns mounted in a makeshift open-cockpit armor
BMP-1 in Syria one additional gun mounted in a makeshift open cabin armor, plus screens are welded on top of the grid likely to battle conditions in, although their effectiveness is questionable against RPGs
Anti-aircraft gun on the basis of the BMP-1 in Syria with a skirt
Syrian BMP-1 with attached on the sides of ramps and sandbags, as they say for lack of a better
BMP-1 in Syria with a skirt, quite accurately and competently done
Critics
Over a long period of use of BMP-1 and BMP-2 has repeatedly appeared new "threat" protection machines. So at the end of the 1970s, after adopting the new NATO ammunition 20 × 139 mm to the guns "Hispano-Suiza» HS 820, «Rheinmetall» RH 202 and M 693 (F2) with armor-piercing projectiles such as APDS - DM 63 (FRG) and OPTSOC (France) at the ground forces of these countries have an opportunity to hit the BMP-1 in front projection with a range of 800-1,000 m. Ammunition for the gun M242 «Bushmaster" the main US BMP M2 «Bradley», adopted in 1982 year, projected at the rate of destruction of body armor BMP-1, ensuring broneprobitiya 28 mm / 60 ° / 1500m.
The experience of the Arab-Israeli war 1973 year and the Soviet war in Afghanistan, showed, that the hull of the BMP-1 can not withstand hits 12.7 mm bullets into the onboard projection machine, and hit an antitank grenade RPG, usually, causing inflammation of the car, followed by the explosion of ammunition.
During the first Gulf War armored protection vehicles BMP-1 and BMP-2 was vulnerable to armor-piercing projectiles of 25-mm automatic guns. According to tests, conducted in the United States, Armor BMP-1 and BMP-2 infestation armor-piercing projectiles (BTS with the separation) M791 25mm cannon M242 «Bushmaster" at a range of 1500-2000 m. However, a large-scale modernization of both machines (BMP-1 and BMP-2) plans to increase their security of the past decade and has not followed.
Destroyed Iraqi BMP-1, "Operation Desert Storm"
Modifications BMP-1
BMP-1K - commander fighting machine, additionally equipped radio R-111, and navigation equipment. Put into service in 1973 year.
BMP-1D - developed 1982 year specifically for fighting in Afghanistan. The main differences: hard armor, steel screens mounted on the housing, because of what the increased weight of the car, and it has lost the opportunity to swim (maximum fording is 1,2 m). It was also dismantled complex "Baby" anti-tank weapons.
BMP-1P - modified infantry fighting vehicle, equipped more powerful ATGM launcher 9K111 "Fagot", and six sets of "smoke screen" 902V. put into service in 1979 year, serially produced from 1979 by 1983 year.
BMP-1PK - commander modified infantry fighting vehicle.
BMP-1PG - modificirovannaâ BMP-1P, further equipped with an automatic grenade launcher AGS-17 "Flame".
BMP-1-30 - upgrade option, to combat compartment BMD-2, also known as the "Extension".
BMP-1M - upgrade option, with armament TKB-799 "Cleaver". The composition of the combat module includes 30-mm automatic gun 2A72, paired with it 7.62mm gun PKTM, and 4 PTRK «Cornet». Sights - the thermal imager and laser pointing device 1K13-2.
BMP-1 combat unit "Cleaver"
BMP-1M - upgrade option from Muromteplovoz with combat units MB2-03 or MB2-05. The modules include a 30mm cannon 2A42, PKTM, AGS-17 (only MB2-03), ATGM "Competition" (only MB2-05), The so-called target-4GA, Electromechanical two-plane stabilizer arms, 902V system.
BVP-1 - Czechoslovak modification of the BMP-1, produced under license in 1970-1989 in Detva and Dubnica nad Vahom.
BMP-1U "squall" - Ukrainian modification of the BMP-1 combat unit "squall". The composition of the combat module includes 30-mm automatic gun KBA-2, sdvoennaya PU PTRK «Combat», 30-mm automatic grenade launcher AGS-17 "Flame". Also on the BMP-1U-established displacement wings floats, caterpillars and the drive wheel of BMP-2. Number of landings is reduced to 6 human.
Ukrainian BMP-1U "Squall"
Cobra-S - a joint modification of Slovak firms' Metafields ", «ZTS Dubnica» and the Belarusian plant number 140 in Borisov. Mounted weapon station Cobra, equipped with 30-mm automatic cannon 2A42, coaxial machine gun PKT and improved SLAs. The machine is equipped with a smoke, "cloud" system, German conditioning DATO-V. The troop compartment provided stacking remote launcher 9P135M with ammunition of four PTUR "Competition-M". Presented in two versions based on the BVP-1 and BMP-1D (with hinged ERA).
Pbv-501 - Czech modification of the BMP-1 for the Swedish Army. Dismantled PU 9M14M "Baby", installed a new fire alarm system, replaced part of the materials and equipment to NATO standards.
BMP-1A1 Ost - East German modification of the BMP-1P. After the unification of Germany, sold in Greece, which it was equipped with an additional machine gun M2 Browinig and modified hatch tower, or installed Zu-23-2 instead of the tower.
BMP-M1 CZ - Czech project of modernization of BMP-1 and BMP-2, an extra passive (level of protection against mines 2, from shells 4 by STANAG 4569) and active protection, lattice shields, combat unit with a remote control TURRA 30, or with ERA NXRA ERA, armed with a 30mm 2A42 automatic cannon and 7.62 mm machine gun PKT, to be mounted and PTUR ZUR.
BMP-M2 CZ - Czech project of modernization of BMP-1 and BMP-2. Increased landing and changed driving compartment. It has a basic level of protection from mines: 1 2A under the bottom and under the track, from shells 3 by STANAG 4569. Mounted weapon station TURRA 30. Additionally possible to increase the level of protection from mines to 3A and from the shells to the 4, Installation of air conditioner, Trellis shielding material, new radio station, navigation and other accessory systems.
The rear hatches of the BMP-1 are additional fuel tanks
BVP-M2 SKCZ - joint Czech-Slovak project of modernization of BMP-1 and BMP-2. Increased landing and changed driving compartment. It has a basic level of protection from mines 1 2A under the bottom and under the track, from shells 2 by STANAG 4569. Mounted weapon station TURRA 30, New Caterpillar C9.3 turbocharged engine, power 300 kW (408 hp). Additionally possible to increase the level of protection and on the shells to the 4, Installation of air conditioner, Trellis shielding material, new radio station, navigation and other accessory systems.
BWP-1 - Polish modification of the BMP-1, produce under license.
BWP-40 - Polish experimental modification BWP-1, where the tower was replaced by a tower Swedish BMP Strf 9040.
MLI-84 - Romanian modification of the BMP-1, produce under license. Externally it differs slightly large in size and mounted on the turret roof troop compartment portside 12.7 mm machine gun DShKM. Mounted engine Continental 8V-1240-DT-S power 360 HP. Weight 16,6 tonnes.
MLI-84M - Romanian Modification MLI-84. Israeli combat unit installed OWS-25R, armed with 25-mm automatic cannon Oerlikon KBA-B07AA, 7,62-mm machine gun PKT and launcher for two anti-tank missiles "Spike» LR. New British C9 diesel engine capacity 400 HP. Are mounted to the sides 81 mm smoke grenade. dismantled DShKM. The prototype was armed with ATGM Baby-2.
Tactic-technical characteristics of BMP-1
Crew, pers.: 3
landing, pers.: 8
developer: GSKB-2
years of production: 1966—1988
The number of issued, PC.: more 20 000
The layout: engine-transmission compartment in front, fighting in the middle, landing behind
All BMP-1
– 13,0 tonnes
The dimensions of the BMP-1
– body Length, mm: 6735
– housing width, mm: 2940
– Height, mm: 2068 (bronevomu on cap), 1924 (on the roof of the tower)
– base, mm: 3660
– Track, mm: 2550
– Clearance, mm: 370
Armor BMP-1
– Type broni: rolled steel armor
– housing forehead (top), mm / city.: 7 / 80°
– housing forehead (through), mm / city.: 19 / 57°
– body board (top), mm / city.: 16 / 14°
– body board (through), mm / city.: 18 / 0°
– housing feed (top), mm / city.: 16 / 19°
– corps roof, mm: 6
– tower forehead, mm / city.: 23 / 42°
– gun mantlet, mm / city.: 26—33
– board towers, mm / city.: 19 / 36°
– tower feed, mm / city.: 13 / 30°
– tower roof, mm: 6
Weapon BMP-1
– Caliber guns and stamp: 73-mm 2A28 Grom "Thunder"
– gun type: smoothbore gun
– barrel length, calibres: 29
– gun ammunition: 40
– firing range, km: to 1,3 (sighting)
– sights: periscope day / passive night 1PN22M1
– Shotgun: 1 Mm × 7,62-PCT
– Other weapons: PU ATGM 9M14M "Baby"
Engine BMP-1
– engine's type: UTD-20
– Engine power, l. from.: 300
The speed of the BMP-1
– Road speed, kmh: 65
– Speed over rough terrain, kmh: 40-45 on a dirt road, 7 afloat
– Cruising on the highway, km: 550—600
– power density, l. p. / m: 21,5—23,1
– suspension type: individual torsion, with hydraulic shock absorbers of telescopic double-acting
– Unit ground pressure, kg / cm²: 0,602—0,614
– Gradeability, city.: 35°
– to overcome the wall, m: 0,7
– trench, m: 2,5
– fording, m: floats
Photo BMP-1
Unloading of the BMP-1 with wheeled conveyor
Former Swedish BMP-1 (in its turn, former GDR army), prepared by the Czech company Excalibur Army for delivery to Iraq.
Greek soldiers of the BMP-1
Russian servicemen on BMP-1 during the conflict in South Ossetia. 2008 year.
Inside the BMP-1
BMP-1 Afghan National Army
