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T-64

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64A (GBTU Index - Object 434) - Soviet main battle tank. Created in the early 1960s in the Kharkov Machine Building Design Bureau, serially produced from 1969 of the year, parallel with the average tank T-55, T-62 and T-64. Originally I had the designation "T-64 smoothbore gun with D-81". Adopted by the Soviet army Resolution of the CC CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers 20 May 1968 of the year, The same decree the tank was given the designation T-64A.

T-64 – video

T-64 was caliber cannon 115 mm 2A21 (D-68) and coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun PKT. On it for the first time in the world used the automatic loading system with a choice of weapons such as shells, thereby reducing crew, removing it from the charging. The crew consisted of three people. The tank was first installed optical quantum (laser) rangefinder. tank armor has become the world's first combined, to boost immunity to shaped-charge projectiles and new types of shells with a deformable front section and plastic explosives. Chassis received outside Swivel Protective shields, the same purpose. With the tank due to the inconvenience of anti-aircraft machine gun was removed (as tactical aviation speed increased significantly, and the successful firing of the aircraft flying at high speed has become unlikely).

Further modification of the T-64A (from 1968 of the year) I received thicker armor and the caliber of the gun 125 mm, that actually changed the old classification of tanks on the medium and heavy. The new tank combined the qualities of both, therefore it became the world's first main battle tank. A modernized version of the tank under the designation T-64B (1976 year) the world's first main battle tank with rocket and cannon armament.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

History of creation

Fundamentally new tank diesel 4TPD has been specifically designed for diesel CB plant number 75 And under the leadership of. D. Charomskogo.

The idea of ​​using the promising tank opposed horizontal engine appeared in A. A. Morozova long before the beginning of work on the "Object 430", and formal work on this engine started in 1946 year.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Design

T 64A has a classic layout, with the placement of the engine compartment in the rear, combat - in the middle, and management offices - in the frontal part of the machine. The crew consists of three people: the driver, gunner and commander, who also serves as a charging after spending combat stock in the loading mechanism.

Power point: engine 5TD, later (5TDFA). opposed, five-cylinder, mnogotoplivnыy, two-stroke turbo-piston diesel, with direct liquid cooling smeseobrazovaniem, valveless uniflow scavenging, piston gas distribution, horizontal arrangement of cylinders and bilateral PTO.

Transmission: mechanical planetary with hydraulic servo control.

Suspension: torsionnaya, It consists of six hardpoints aboard. In the first, Second and sixth hardpoints mounted hydraulic double-acting telescopic dampers, and in the first, third, fifth and sixth - hard stops (true for the T-64A main series). Road wheels with internal shock absorbers. A serious disadvantage of T-64 suspension is coaxial arrangement a torsion bar length of half width of the housing. As a result, in contrast to most known tanks, which used a coupled torsion installation length in the full width of the hull, at twice with equal torsion shortened during dynamic rink, on such torsion occurs twice as large torsional loads, which drastically reduces the vitality of the torsion bar in a continuous operation. This fact has forced designers UVZ, which was transferred to T-64 rework, return to the coupled torsion installation, and which has been returned to all Soviet and Russian main battle tank, starting with T-72.

weaponry: 125-mm smoothbore gun D-81 (2A26, after 1979 g. - 2A46). Loading the partially combusted with separate sleeve. The gun is equipped with a loading mechanism (MH)6ETS10. loading mechanism: hydro-mechanical loading with a constant angle. Located in a special booth, docked with a tower (conveyor) and the tower. Its pipeline laid 28 rounds of separate loading: penetrating-podkalibernыe, cumulative and high-explosive. Rest 9 - in the department of management and fighting. Coupled with the gun PKT machine gun. Automatic loader more than doubled the rate of combat, which reached 10 rounds per minute. It was introduced to control the steering and water-air cleaner devices. Chassis has been deprived of several mechanisms, the engine torque transmitted to the chassis directly through lateral transmission. Fording - 1,8 meters with a height of the tank 2,19. Established dozer equipment for self-entrenching. Anti-aircraft machine gun to combat helicopters to drive a tank commander remotely.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64BV Poklonnaya mountain

Prototypes based tanks T 64A and T 64B

Six tanks with a model built dynamic protection, two modernized T-64BM2 (447AM object-2) and one T-64U (447AM-1 object) It was shown at the parade in honor of Independence of Ukraine 24 August 1999 of the year. In this T-64U with the tower "201" number is located on the "bench" and did not go Kreschatiku. Outwardly, the T-64U easy to distinguish from T-64BM2 by the absence of the illuminator on the tower next to the gun and antennoobraznomu wind sensor on the stern of the tower to replace the old with the "ears", as well as LSD on the commander's hatch, that the T-64BM2 remained the same, and the T-64U such, both the T-80UD and T-84.

Special machines, created on the basis of T-64

In addition to the military option, ARV-64, It was developed by "civilian" version of the ARV without installing weapons and protection against WMD.

– BMPV-64 - heavy IFV based on the chassis of the tank T-64. Released Kharkov BTRZ.
– UMR-64 - heavy armored personnel carrier of the same plant on the base of the T-64
– PMG-64 - tracked based on a fire truck T-64
– T-55-64 - main battle tank, hybrid with a chassis of T-64 and T-tower of 55.
– PTS-2 - floating conveyor
– BAT-2 - puteprokladchik based tractor MT-T
– MDK-3 - rotary trenchers
– MT-T - a multi-purpose heavy-tracked transporter truck

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Evaluation of the machine

The T-64A more since the establishment of the "object 430" was laid down the basic idea - less weight and minimal internal volume. It led to the futility of this tank, since the engine, chassis and other components and mechanisms are working at maximum capacity, with no margin of safety. It was hard, and the crew of the Cabin styling shots.
- A Karcev. n. "Memoirs of Chief Designer tanks"

Chassis "434" for the prospects of modernization and unacceptable, to develop a machine of this chassis can not be.
- Soichi About. AT., HZTM Director

At the T-72 has a weight of reserve. At the T-64A that is not, especially when the chassis ...
- Potemkin E. TO., Institute Director 100

With this structure, a driver has been isolated from the commander and gunner, and propellant charges in artillery rounds burning cartridges arranged vertically along the perimeter of the crew compartment. It was literally "powder keg". Along with the, such a design distinguished by their excessive complexity, and was non-technological. I was surprised, that Morozov agreed with this decision. There was one more question. Nabutovskyy, in the pursuit of weight loss, I replaced the backup manual mechanical lifting gear to the hydraulic gun, by connecting it to a hydraulic gun system stabilizer in a vertical plane. This original and beautiful, in terms of saving weight and internal volume of the crew compartment, design solution does not hold water in terms of the specific requirements for reliability to duplicate drives guidance. The whole point of a gun pointing duplicate drives was that, that in combat conditions, when in the tank will be denied and Hydraulics, and electrician, but still keep some combat capability of the crew, gunner could, using only their muscle power and mechanical actuators guidance, fire a gun. In this respect, the manual hydraulic lifting mechanism of the gun against common sense
- Kostenko S. P. construction of a T-64, after a trip to the Bureau of the plant. Malyshev

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

View from a potential enemy

The Armor magazine March - April 1990 , Captain James Warford in the article "Assessment of Soviet tank T-64" made such conclusions about the importance of adopting the Soviet army the USSR Supreme Soviet tanks T-64:

– We still feel that, how razvёrtыvanie T-64 affected the NATO. Once it became known the possibility of a new tank, Western armies launched a program of accelerated development and deployment of weapons to counter the T-64. These efforts have not only continued for several years, but also intensified with the advent of 1984 , the T-64, equipped with reactive armor ...
If the T-64 joined the battle unexpectedly [for NATO], - So, both engaged in battle T-34/76 of the Second World War, - the crews of NATO would have been confronted with a truly innovative, before unknown weapon. NATO tankers would valiantly fought on their, the worst, tanks - a dismal outcomes for their ... Deploying T-34/76 was the first precedent, when the Soviet Army caught the enemy by surprise, putting on a new battlefield, innovative tank. The second time was the case with the T-64. If the T-64 went into battle against NATO tanks of the 1960s and 1970s,, he probably would have captured the superiority on the battlefield. Although the deployment of the T-64 was sent to the then potential enemies of the USSR [in peace, not war], its consequences are disproportionately and they are felt to this day. Deploying FST-2 may be the third such episode, Tips and again stun their opponents technical superiority. We must examine this threat, take retaliatory action, and to break it before, she will have a chance to surprise defeat its enemies in the future crop of future war ... FST-2, as the T-64, can become a tank, who will win the next war.

British General John Hekett, Commander of the Northern Army Group NATO in the years 1965-1968, He described this tank to his book "The Third World War: The Untold Story ":

... produces in Kharkov, in Ukraine, T-64 was equipped with a strong 125-mm smoothbore gun with automatic loader, and could release eight projectiles at a distance of up to a minute 2000 m. He had a crew of three men, improved armor, new 780 l. from. engine, advanced night vision and (like "Chiftenu») laser rangefinder. but, This tank is not very popular in the tank. They found him unreliable. Since he often flew caterpillars. In fact, it was created in a hurry, as a response to the promising American tank MBT-70, never put into service.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

modifications

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64A at the Moscow Suvorov Military School

T-64A (1969 year) - upgraded T-64. 125mm smoothbore gun was set, a new fire control system, modified design autoloader, mounted anti-aircraft machine gun with a remote control, installed heat gun barrel shroud, strengthened booking towers, new system of fire fighting equipment, equipment for self-entrenching, Equipment for hanging mine trawl KMT-6, multi-fuel engine, system for overcoming the deep ford, system for ensuring the operation of the engine at high altitude, traffic signal system.

T-64AK (1973 year) - command tank (all commanding tanks in Russia are different installation of additional radio HF band, equipped with a detachable antenna, navigation equipment and auxiliary units for recharging batteries).

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64B

T-64B (1976 year) - an upgraded version of the T-64A. The main differences: guided weapons, fire control system, protection against napalm system, smoke grenades "Cloud" starting system, solid side skirts, reinforced hull and turret book, gun barrel tube received quick coupling with the breech, extended dynamic rollers move.

T-64BK (1976 year) - command tank T-64B.

T-64B1 (1976 year) - a variant of the T-64B without some elements of the complex guided weapons (guidance station, guided missiles and others.).

T-64BM (1983 year) - tank variant T-64B with 6TD - 6-cylinder multifuel turbo-piston two-stroke diesel engine 1000 l. from.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64BV Ukrainian Armed Forces

T-64BV (1985 year) - a variant of the T-64B with a hinged ERA. Booking forehead body is strengthened.

T 64BV1 (1985 year) - a variant of the T-64B1 with hinged ERA.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64BM “damask”

T-64BM "Bulat" (2005 year) - Ukrainian modern modification. It is the result of the modernization of tanks T-64B.

T-64E (2010 year) - Ukrainian modern modification to the engine power 5TDFE 850 (900) l. from. and APU power 10 kW. Equipped with modernized FCS, CAC Duplet, complex guided weapons "Combat" and anti-aircraft twin 23-mm cannon with remote control.

T 64B1M (2014 year) - Ukrainian simplified version upgrading T-64B1 tanks, created at the Kharkov armored plant. The tank is built dynamic protection, enhances the protection of the tower, the frontal part of the housing and the board. At the rear of the tower is installed a niche for ammunition and equipment.

T 64BM1M (2014 year) - Ukrainian upgrade option T-64 ERA "Doublet" and zabashennoy niche.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Applicable main armament ammunition

There are three types of shells: kumulyatyvnыy, high-explosive and armor-piercing. In the mid-70s for service is received set of "Cobra" guided weapons. Guided missile to combat cumulative often placed in the "carousel" autoloader, while the projectile was divided - was packed in the shell tray nosecone (warhead + engine bay), a tray charge - control section + lifting charge. Mechanical projectile compound (including switching electrical circuits) happened automatically when the gun breech loading cycle. The launch was carried out through the gun barrel, as a lifting charge, an aluminum pan regular shot, Curb minimum charge. The propulsion system of the projectile was launched from a distance of about 70 m from the muzzle.

Cumulative armor penetration of the projectile on the T-64A sostavlyala 450 mm.

Service and combat use

– Afghan war (1979—1989) - in January 1980 Year entered service of the 40th Army, but, due to poor operation of the engine at high altitude soon were retired

– The battle for Bendery (1992) - the battle of the bridge at Bender in Transnistria. Least, 2 T-64BV in these battles were destroyed, while their fire was completely suppressed artillery Moldova. Also shot from the SPG-9 is one of T-64BV Russian peacekeeping forces was destroyed.

– War in Donbass (from 2014) - used by both parties to the conflict.

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

T-64BV

Performance characteristics of the T-64A

Crew, pers.: 3
developer: HZTM
years of production: 1969—1987
years of operation: from 1973
The number of issued, PC.: more 8000
The layout: classical

Weight T-64

– 38,5 tonnes

Dimensions T-64

– body Length, mm: 6540
– Length with gun forward, mm: 9225
– housing width, mm: 3415
– Height, mm: 2172
– base, mm: 4242
– Track, mm: 3270
– Clearance, mm: 500

Bumper T-64

– Type broni: combined multilayer
– housing forehead (top), mm / city.: 80+105 (STB) +20/68°
– housing forehead (through), mm / city.: 80 / 60°
– body board, mm / city.: 80
– tower forehead, mm / city.: 90+150 (Aluminium alloy) +90

Arming T-64

– Caliber guns and stamp: 125-mm 2A46-1
– gun type: smoothbore gun
– barrel length, calibres: 51 (6350 mm)
– gun ammunition: 37
– firing range, km: to 10
– sights: TPD2-49, TPN1-49-23, PZU-5
– Shotgun: 1 x 7.62mm PKT; 1 x 12.7mm NSVT

Engine T-64

– engine's type: 5TDF
– Engine power, l. from.: 700

The rate of T-64

– Road speed, kmh: 45—50 (limit - 60,5)
– Speed ​​over rough terrain, kmh: 35—45

– Cruising on the highway, km: 500—600 (700 with additional. tanks)
– Cruising cross country, km: 225—360 (310-450 with additional. tanks)
– power density, l. p. / m: 18
– suspension type: Nezavisimaya torsionnaya
– Unit ground pressure, kg / cm²: 0,84
– Gradeability, city.: 30
– to overcome the wall, m: 0,8
– trench, m: 2,85
– fording, m: 1 (from 1976 of the year - 1,8)

Photography T-64

 Tank T-64 of TTX, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Column T-64. The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary, 1 July 1990 of the year.

 

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