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M1A2 Abrams Tank

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

M1 Abrams - US main battle tank. It is commercially available from 1980 of the year. It should be in service with the Army and the US Marine Corps, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq and Australia. Is named after General Creighton Abrams.

M1 Abrams Tank – video

Video wrecked tanks “abrams”

Development of a new tank, later received symbol XM-1, It started immediately after the closing of the program at the end HM803 1971 of the year. new tank to reduce the technological risk, it was decided to do the classical scheme with a crew of 4 and persons with a high ballistic gun as a primary armament. On the role of the latter were considered rifled 105-mm gun M68, British 110mm rifled and German 120mm smoothbore gun. 110-mm cannon rejected immediately, but having substantial superiority 105 mm. option with 120 mm deemed risky, so it was decided to leave the M68 gun with the possibility of replacing up to 120 mm.

As the power plant considered AVCR-1100 American diesel air cooling (I planned for the MBT-70), German diesel water cooling DB1500 (later it was designated MB873) and American turbine engine (GTD) AGT-1500. Power of all engines was 1500 l. from. Initially, the military favored diesel, but in the late 1970s, their sympathies shifted to GTE.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

TUSK with DZ ARAT-2 complex on the tank M1A2 “abrams”

According to the original requirements specification, armor protection of the tank had to withstand a 115-mm armor-piercing projectile feathered U-5TS gun from a distance 800 m, the price should be within the 400 thousand. dollars in the prices 1972 of the year (compared with 339 thousand. and for the M60A1 611 thousand. for XM803), and combat weight - 45 tonnes. It soon became clear, that these restrictions will be possible not to provide adequate protection, therefore the characteristics of the limit was raised to 500 thousand. dollars and 55 tonnes respectively.

According to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Thomas Moorer, its preliminary design to the US Army Tank-Automotive Management to 8 May 1973 g. provided the corporation "General Motors", «Chrysler» and «Ford». 28 June of the same year, with contractors OCD has been contracted to build a prototype for joint trials. In early July, the representatives of "General Motors" and "Chrysler" visited England to explore the development of composite armor "Chobem"). As a result of the visit, both companies have made changes to their projects, in order to adapt the new armor. Another significant change in the project was the result of the experience, obtained in the course of the Arab-Israeli war 1973 of the year. It was decided to abandon the 25-30-mm twin automatic gun M242 Bushmaster in favor of the 7.62-mm machine gun, a vacant capacity used to increase the main gun ammunition.

"General Motors" had shestikatkovuyu prototype chassis. Two front and one rear roller equipped with hydropneumatic suspension, others - torsional. In diesel AVCR-1360 was selected as the engine (AVCR-1100 development). The driver's seat is in the front left side of the body, on his right was placed boeukladki. Additional combat pack was placed in a niche of the tower was equipped with armored wall and expelling panels.

Prototype "Chrysler" is equipped semikatkovoy chassis with torsion bar suspension. Powerplant - GTE AGT-1500. The driver was placed strictly along the longitudinal axis, on both sides of the fuel tanks were placed on him. The main boeukladki was in a niche of the tower, also for armored wall and expelling panels.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Joint tests took place from 31 January 7 May 1976 of the year. It revealed, that both tanks meet stated requirements. From September to December 1976 in the United States were also tested Leopard 2 OF, equipped with a 105 mm cannon. German tank showed good driving performance, reliability and accuracy of fire. However, it was more expensive and somewhat inferior to the American tanks in armor protection and placement boeukladki. It was therefore decided not to take it on board.

After the end of the test competition for the building has been declared 462 tanks (the initial batch of 110 tanks in the first year and 352 production in the second tank). "General Motors" offer a lower price (208 million against 221 million from the "Chrysler"), but this price is based on the diesel engine, while the army preferred to GTE. "General Motors" was ordered to develop a version with GTD, and "Chrysler" - with a diesel engine, It was also ordered to prepare tanks for easy replacement on a 120 mm cannon in the future. "Chrysler" has made further changes to the draft, increase the chances of success: improved composite armor configuration, Equipped with special armor and weapons and mask. In order to reduce the price of the commander it was equipped with a tap from the gunner's sight instead of an independent sight (Simplified Gunner).

12 November 1976 it was announced about the winning version of "Chrysler" with GTD. They managed to reduce the price of the contract to 196 $ millions. At the same time, the price of "General Motors' contract after setting GTE increased to 232 million. (diesel variants of both companies after changes in cost accordingly 174 and 186 million.). In this way, final cost of the tank 422 thousand. Doll. per unit against 432 thousand. for M60A3 (all prices in US dollars 1972 of the year).

To test the second stage (technical and the DT-II troop OT-II tests) corporation "Chrysler" produced 11 HM1 tank prototypes with the changes made. DT-II Tests were conducted February 1978 to September 1979 of the year, OT-II - April 1978 to February 1979 of the year.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Even before the completion of the second phase in May 1978 the Pentagon has approved the construction of the initial batch of 110 tanks, intended to participate in the trials of the third stage and for training personnel of tank units. The first two of these tanks were handed over at a special ceremony 28 February 1980 of the year. At the same time the tank was named "Abrams" in honor of the Chief of Staff of the Army Creighton Abrams, vnosshego great contribution to the development of US armored forces and occupied the post of commander of the group of American forces in the Republic of Vietnam. The third stage of the technical and military trials held respectively in March 1980 to September 1981 of the year (DT-III) and September 1980 in May 1981 of the year (BY-III). 17 February 1981 , the tank under the designation "105-mm cannon caterpillar Tank M1" was adopted by the US Army.

Meanwhile, Detroit Tank Arsenal corporation "Chrysler", - tankostroitelnoe largest company in the Western Hemisphere, - was closed for conservation due to the lack of orders required volume. At the moment carried out deep modernization of existing tanks "Abrams" all modifications to Lyme tank factory in Lima, Ohio, owned corporation "General Dynamics". As of 2014 year production of upgraded versions of the tank lasts for the US Armed Forces, and for export. AT 2006 National Geographic, the film company made a documentary about the plants and modernization of the "Abrams" tanks within the "Pacific Storm" series of documentaries.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Design

The tank is made of a classic layout scheme with a control office in front of the machine, fighting compartment in the middle part and the motor and gear in the stern. The crew consists of commander, gunner, loader and driver.

Armor hull and turret

The hull and turret - Welded. In their front parts, as well as in the side of the turret applied multi-layer passive book as combining armor modules, created on the basis of the British armor "chobhem", used on tanks "Challenger" series (United Kingdom). Characteristic "Abrams" is a large angle of inclination of the upper front plate housing with respect to the vertical plane (82°) and a large clearance between the tower and the housing. When the closed hatch a driver takes a reclining position. 8,9 % Abrams tank frontal projection of any modification of the weakened zone armor, vulnerable to ammunition enough obsolete PTS and even hand-held grenade launchers. Also 7,85 % front projection, This vulnerability is related to the construction, The security of their substantially lower than the weakened armor, for example it hatches, monitoring devices, gun mantlet, such vulnerabilities inherent to the majority of armored vehicles. Almost the entire top shell is the frontal part 50 mm metal plate armor, thickness 80 achieved in view 30 mm are after fuel tanks. In Abrams also provided for expelling the wall panel and, which in the case of ammunition detonation shock wave is output from the tank to the outside. Which increases the survivability of the crew in action. In addition to the armor, Some Abrams equipped with active protection system Softkill, An / VLQ-6Missile counteracting device (MCD), which may interfere with the functions of some semi-active guidance systems a controller line of sight (SACLOS), as well as wire-guided anti-tank missiles and radio (eg, Russian 9K114 Sturm), samonavodyashtimsya rocket. MCD works, emitting massive, condensed infrared signal, for, to confuse infrared, samonavodyaschuyusya system, seeking antitank guided missile (PTUR). Nevertheless, drawback is that the system, that ATRA is not destroyed, but simply directed away from the intended target, MCD rocket leaves, that it exploded elsewhere. This device is mounted on the turret roof, front loaders hatch.
However, the conclusions of the protection on the basis of this test can not be done: The enemy was rather long and armor was broken after a few preliminary results, not overcome, but to weaken it. The objective was to elucidate proliferation bombardment of uranium fragments, but resistance armor.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

weaponry

M1 and modifications M1IP armed 105mm rifled gun M68A1 (a modernized version of the British L7), stabilized in two planes. In ammunition includes 55 unitary shells with metal sleeve 5 species: feathered armor-piercing with detachable tray M735, M774, M833, M900, cumulative projectiles M456A1 and M456A2, armor-piercing explosive M393A2, with ready flechette M494 and M416 smoke (based on white phosphorus).

The bulk of the ammunition to the gun (44 unitary shots from 55) placed in an insulated compartment aft turret. The remaining projectiles are stored in an insulated tank to the housing compartment (8 pcs) and in an armored container on Polikey tower before the charging (3 pieces).

Beginning with 1985 year "Abrams" tanks mounted 120-mm smoothbore gun M256 (German version license gun Rheinmetall Rh-120), also stabilized in two planes. The ammunition projectiles are unitary with partially combustible sleeve:

– feathered armor-piercing with detachable tray M829, M829A1 / A2 / A3 / E4 (the range of BOPS 4600 meters with a spread of 0,32 m) (M829 armor-piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding sabot (APFSDS));
– kumulyatyvnыy M830 (М830 high explosive anti-tank (HEAT));
– Subcaliber shaped-charge fragmentation M830A1 (М830А1 high explosive anti-tank multi purpose (HEAT MP));
– Subcaliber concrete-M908 high-explosive (М908 high-explosive, obstacle-reduction (HE-OR));
– kartechnыy (with ready-striking elements of spherical shape) M1028 (M1028 canister);

M1028 contains 1098 3/8 inch, (9.5 mm) tungsten balls, which when fired, produce the effect of a shotgun. The affected area - 600 m. (made in Germany, Only armed with tanks of the US Marine Corps). As well as anti-tank MRM with a range of 12000 m, on the principle of "fire and forget" (reliable data on the presence of this ammunition in parts and even more so to join the ammunition is not).

Due to the large diameter of the sleeve is reduced to M1A1 ammunition 40 shots (42 the M1A1NS and M1A2): 34 in a niche of the tower (36 M1A1NS the M1A2) and 6 in the tank body; laying on Polikey towers canceled. The gun barrel is equipped with a purge (ejector), but incandescent residue remains after firing shells inside the tank.

Auxiliary equipment a 7.62mm M240 machinegun, paired with a gun, second same machinegun, established before the loader's hatch, and 12.7-mm machine gun M2, mounted on the commander's cupola. ammunition - 11 400 caliber 7,62 mm 1000 caliber 12,7 mm. On the sides of the tower has two six-barrel 66 mm grenade launcher M250 (four chetyrohstvolnyh M257 grenade M1A1 tanks and M1A1NS Marine Corps) for the smoke screen.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

JMA and observation devices

On the "Abrams" features one of the most modern systems of management of the company Hughes Aircraft fire. The gunner's primary sight integrated laser rangefinder and thermal imaging camera; field of sight has independent stabilization in the vertical plane. Day channel has two magnification - 3 and 10; Thermal - 3, 6, 13, 25 and 50 (X6 is obtained electronic magnification optical three-time and X25 and X50 are the electronic magnification optical 13-times). Range measurement laser range - from 200 to 7990 m (but the ballistic solution is calculated only in the range of 200 to 3990 +/-10 meters from the M1 and M1A1 tanks and from 200 to 4990 +/-10 meters from M1A2 tanks, measured distance outside this range are displayed by flashing characters). On the case of failure of the main sights provides backup articulated telescopic sight Kollmorgen Model 939 with 8X magnification and field of view 8 °; the head portion of the sight is fixed in the mask tools, and eyepiece attached to the roof of the tower. The commander uses tap from the main Gunner, if necessary, he can fire a cannon instead of the gunner (while not being able to independently change the zoom and switch between day optical and thermal imaging channels).

M1 tank commander's cupola, IPM1 and M1A1 represents antiaircraft machine gun installation (LSD) gated. TAL cradle design provides installation 12.7mm gun M2HB (main option) a 7.62-mm machine gun M240 (backup option). Basic iron sights LSD is a day monocular periscope sight M939 Kollmorgen. The sight field of view - 21 °, increase - × 3. Grid sight graded under 12.7mm ammunition; in case of installation of 7.62-mm machine gun sight on the case there is a label table amendments. In case of damage regular sight on the lower surface of the cradle has a simple unregulated-aligned sight. Guidance TAL azimuth nominally performed using dynamoelectric actuator (provided emergency manual drive); elevation - only with a manual drive. To ensure circular scan around the perimeter of the commander's turret also installed 6 periscope observation devices. The preparation time by firing the first shot of the run: gunner - 15, and commander - 17c. When firing with the space time is reduced to 9-10 and 11-12, respectively,. The competition against the tank Leopard 2 was superior in the night shooting but very inferior in speed to engage targets day.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Abrams tank destroyed in Iraq

Electronic ballistic computer, made on the solid-state elements, accurately calculates the angle correction for the firing of the cannon and coaxial machine gun. It value target range is automatically entered (from the laser rangefinder), crosswind speed, the angular velocity of the target and angle of the axis of the gun trunnions. Besides, data on the type of projectile entered manually, barometric pressure, air temperature, charge temperature, bore wear, as well as amendments to the mismatch of the channel direction of the axis of the barrel and the line of sight.

On the M1A2 front loaders hatch installed panoramic thermal sight - observation of the commander of the unit CITV, having independent stabilization in two planes. Instead of a fixed set rotating turrets 8 periscopes, providing a much better all-round visibility. Sight M938 removed. The main gunner's sight substantially upgraded: he received independent stabilization in two planes, laser rangefinder replaced by a more sophisticated, working on carbon dioxide. Also, Thermal night vision device is installed in the driver (instead of a night of the device with GO).

M1A1 The disadvantage is the limited possibility of independent search target commander, and a slight increase in the absence of stabilizing the M919 sight of the field of view does not allow confidently detect and identify targets while the tank is moving. This shortcoming was eliminated on the M1A2 modification. M1A2 gunner's sight substantially upgraded: he received independent stabilization in two planes. M1A2 SEP received a second generation thermal imaging cameras for the gunner and commander.

Improvement has undergone on-board equipment. Tank implemented management information system (tius) IVIS, inertia navigation system, radio SINCGARS. Some electronic systems are interconnected via a data bus MIL-STD 1553D. Since TIUS IVIS outdated at the time of adopting, M1A2SEP model it replaced by FBCB2-EPLRS command and control system. Besides, M1A2SEP received a second generation thermal imaging cameras for the gunner and commander; navigation system supplemented by NAVSTAR receiver. Terminals ASUV FBCB2-BFT, unified software with FBCB2-EPLRS, but is used for data transmission business network Inmarsat Swift satellite 64 и BGAN, set when M1A1 modernization program for AIM.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Engine

A gas turbine engine AVCO Lycoming AGT-1500 made in a single unit with automatic hydromechanical transmission X-1100-3B. unit weight 3860 kg can be replaced in less than 1 no.

The choice of the gas turbine engine US experts explain a number of its advantages in comparison with a diesel engine of the same capacity. less weight, the relative simplicity of design, increased reliability and service life. Also, FCD has reduced noise and smoke detector, better satisfy the requirements of multi-fuel, It is much easier to start at low temperatures. The main disadvantages are the increased consumption of fuel and air (as a result of air pollution control system it takes three times larger volume compared with a diesel engine).

AGT-1500 is a trohvalnym engine with two-stage compressor osetsentrobezhnym, individual combustion chamber tangential location, a free power turbine with adjustable nozzle assembly and a stationary annular plate heat exchanger. Nozzle and blades first high pressure turbine stage are cooled by air, bleed outlet from the compressor and fed through holes in the blade roots. The maximum temperature of the gas turbine - 1193 °C. reducer, Placed inside the heat exchanger housing, It reduces the number of revolutions on the output shaft to TBG 3000 rev / min.

Since the mid-1990s began a massive rigging "Abrams" tanks, auxiliary power units (VSU), providing a tank onboard power systems without the inclusion of the main power unit or the battery charge consumption for 7,5-8 hours. APU has power 2 kW and is placed in an armored box in a basket tower (or aft body, tanks KPM). On the model of the M1A2 SEP APU removed from the basket of the tower due to the high vulnerability and developed an installation option in nadgusenichnoy shelf on the left side of the new auxiliary unit (Under Armor Auxiliary Power Unit). At the moment, the project is not implemented, and the tanks are equipped with only an additional battery, allowing the tank to function 10 hours in the "quiet" mode.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Transmission

Automatic hydromechanical transmission Allison X-1100-3B provides 4 forward gears and 2 rear. It consists of a torque converter with automatic lock, planetary gearboxes and continuously variable hydrostatic turning mechanism.

Since the range of planetary gearbox with four forward gears is 6,5, then in the presence of GTE, having an increased coefficient adaptability, there is no fundamental need for the participation of the torque converter in the formation of traction on tracks with the forward motion of the tank. Application of the torque converter in the transmission may be explained by, it was designed to work with a piston engine of the same capacity, as well as to reduce the work of slipping friction elements during gear changes.

Chassis

Chassis tank includes seven road wheels with external damping and two support rollers on each side, torsion bar suspension and tracks with rubber mount and rubber boots. Track width - 635 mm, the length of the supporting surface - 4575 mm. Disks of rollers made from an aluminum alloy. The diameter of the rollers - 635 mm. On the first, second and seventh support rollers mounted lobed hydraulic dampers.

Mileage original tracks with integrated T156 (non-removable) rubber boots was 1100-1300 km, it was much less than the initial requirements 3200 km. Caterpillars T156 are similar in design of the track T97 M60 tanks. T158 new tracks with removable rubber shoes and rubberized running track, разработанные Food Machinery Corp Steel Products Division, have guaranteed to run 3360 km, although heavier 1360 kg.

Caterpillars have rubberized running track and removable rubber pads, possibility of installation of lugs. Driving wheels - Double-row removable crowns, number of teeth of the crown - 11. Resource undercarriage - 2-8 thousand. km. The lower limit is determined by the resource resource shoe tracks. Resource 8.000 km achieved by the change of the four sets of removable cushions asfaltohodnyh, resource tooth crowns of the drive wheels is 5-6 thousand. km. Ground pressure, kg / cm2 M1 - 0,96, further longer.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

combat application

The Gulf War (1991)

In this campaign, "Abrams" tanks were first employed on the battlefield. Grouping of tanks of this type, involved in the campaign to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation, numbered 594 tank models and M1A1HA 1178 M1A1 tanks, More about 30 machines belonged to the old type M1 and participated in the battles less active. "Abrams" tanks formed the basis of American armored forces during the conflict.

Reliability "Abrams" during "Desert Storm" has caused a lot of complaints in the work plan GTD.

Much more advanced sighting system, better crew training and the use of depleted uranium ammunition allowed tanks "Abrams" hit Iraqi car at a distance, greatly exceeding the effective range of fire last (shells ZBM9, decommissioned (73 year) many years before the start of production M1A1, with production ZBM9 been removed even earlier. Thus not effective against opponents for whom they were not provided.)

According to the final report of the Ministry of Defense before the US Congress, It has been lost or damaged during the war 18 tanks. according to A. AT. Erokhin and B. L. Lichkovah, invoking unadjusted Western sources, incapacitated and corrupted 23 tanka, And none "Abrams" was not destroyed enemy tanks. Due to the vague wording about American “damaged” We can not say for sure exactly how much has been disabled "Abrams". Disabling "Abrams" tanks supported Iraqi official US documents. Furthermore, the loss of a few M1A1 tanks from the fire of the Iraqi T-72, US military confirms, Moreover, "Abrams' first modifications" semdesyatdvoykami "the battle is not entered, this role is to upgrade the machine with German 120 mm guns and English multilayer armor. Maximum order unmodified "Abrams' became T-55.

According to some sources of 9 completely destroyed on the M1 battle tanks, Seven cars were killed by "friendly fire", and the remaining two were, According to American, destroyed by the crews due to the impossibility of evacuation. Most of temporarily or permanently withdrawn from mine was hit cars damaged, antitank grenade launchers with missiles shot or with lateral projections and feed. Cases of defeat "Abrams" artillery fire were Iraqi tanks isolated. During the incident a "friendly fire" M1A1HA frontal tank armor has demonstrated an ability to withstand accidental contact with the same type of tank guns. To identify the problems include a lack of tanks "friend or foe" system, insufficient adaptation of engines for action in the desert (due to the fact that, that most of the "Abrams", involved in the conflict, It was transferred from Europe and was intended for use in the European Theater of Operations), imperfection navigation systems.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Iraq war (2003—2011)

During the seven-year military campaign in Iraq, "Abrams" is used quite actively, but the overall style of the use of armored forces was significantly different from the previous conflict. FROM 23 March "Abrams" 3rd Mechanized Division took part in heavy fighting for Nasiriyah, where jointly with other troops, We were able to break the resistance of some Iraqi infantry platoon. 24 March Euphrates River drowned along with the entire crew of one of the tanks of the 1st Battalion, after being hit by a bombardment of Iraqi submachine - a driver began to withdraw from the tank under fire and fell off a bridge into a river. Two more "Abrams" tank, in an ambush near the east bank of the river, got hit in the engines from an unknown weapon; crews had to leave the tanks before, how they blew up the ammunition and they are completely burned. There have been "Abrams" meeting with Iraqi tanks; eg, 3 April there was a fight in the Mahmudiya area near Baghdad, during which seven Iraqi T-72 were destroyed, The American side did not suffer losses. In the same day, also near Baghdad, two "Abrams" was lost for unknown reasons. 4 April "Abrams" together with the "Bradley" raided Baghdad, during which were destroyed 30 T-72 and killed 1000 soldiers of the Republican Guard. 5 April near Baghdad were destroyed two more "Abrams". 6 April in Iraq were destroyed and at least two "Abrams", one of the RPG-burned tanks 7, He was captured by the Iraqis. During the battle of Kerbala three "Abrams" were hit from an RPG-7 captured and Iraqis, one of the tanks was shown on Iraqi TV. Further, tanks are mainly involved in the fight against irregular forces and the rebel guerrilla forces as a means of fire support and cover. During the first month of fighting since the war began, 151 Tank "Abrams" was hit, mostly of RPG. Seven tanks were captured by Iraqis, And three of them were in combat readiness. 27 October 2003 year 40 km from Baghdad, an improvised landmine high power was undermined by the latest modification of the tank M1A2 SEP, this loss is considered to be the first, after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

According to the reduced Major General T. According to Tucker, in February 2005 of the year 70 % tank fleet of 1135 "Abrams", deployed in Iraq have been fired at least once and have received certain damage (from minor to catastrophic). Of them 80 cars beyond repair forces repair units, deployed in the theater of military operations and were evacuated to the United States for overhaul, including 17, otsenonnyh how not to be restored. By the end 2006 years repair ago in the United States were sent to a 530 American "Abrams" tanks.

A case is known when the "Abrams" has received from the 14 to 18 results in one of the RPG battle, but he continued to participate in hostilities.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

War in Afghanistan (2001—2014)

AT 2011 , the tank company was deployed in Afghanistan (14 machines) US Marine Corps. The use of tanks was of sporadic, as the terrain and features of warfare did not meet the requirements for effective deployment of armored vehicles. In the course of the year have been recorded 19 applications IEDs adversary; 2 cars were damaged, that it was impossible to eliminate the forces of division, tanks were returned to operation; the commander of one of the tanks received a shrapnel wound to the hand, when I kept watch through the open hatch.

Armed conflict in northern Iraq (2014)

For the US armed forces in Iraq in the first batch sent 140 tanks M1A1 Abrams. At the end of 2016 , only with the help of anti-tank was destroyed 47 "Abrams".

The invasion of Yemen (2015)

Saudi Arabia has transferred several dozen M1A2 Abrams Yemeni troops, howling against Huthis. The details of using "Abrams" Yemenis unknown. Just fighting, According to official data by the end of 2015 It had been destroyed 14 tanks M1A2S “Abrams”. Of them – minimum 4 was the destruction of the tank due to fire PTRC “Moon”, 4 blown up by land mines, 3 tanka “Abrams” were reset this because getting anti-tank. The others were left by the crew during the retreat. Generally, Saudis were satisfied with the tank. They especially noted the good level of protection of the American M1A2 tanks. As of August 2016 it was lost 20 Saudi M1A2S Abarms.

The incident in July 1991 of the year

In July 1991 of the year, after the end of hostilities, there was a large fire in a warehouse Camp Doha, which resulted in three standing "Abrams" ammunition exploded and another was injured. In tanks and burned trucks 680 units 120 mm uranium armor-piercing projectiles.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

price

Average price in the carrying tank M1A2 modification to 1999 year was about 6,2 million US dollars.

In the same time, the purchase cost is much lower tank: So, newly built M1A1 SA, supplied in the sun of Iraq, They were paid by the manufacturer on the basis of 1,4 million dollars for the machine; Australia M1A1 AIM with better bundle, but derived from the reserves of the US Army, treated in 1,18 million dollars for each tank.

The cost of capital repair with thorough modernization of the program Abrams Integration Management, automation installation comprising FBCB2, New thermal imaging cameras, armor, and so on modernization. d., is 0.7-1 million. The cost to upgrade to the most complex level M1A2 SEP, including the replacement of the entire crew compartment, in different years ranged from 1,4 to 2,6 million dollars.

As of 2012 year cost of the tank under contract for the US Army is 5.5-6.1 million.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

modifications

– XM1-FSED (1977-78 gg.) - a pilot model, issued for the carrying out of tests. During the period 1977-78 gg. it was produced 11 copies.

– M1 (1980 year) - the base model: 105-nareznaya mm rifle, ammunition 55 shots.

– M1IP (English. Improved Performance — букв. Improved performance) (1984 year) - strengthened windshield book tower (M1A1 level), upgraded suspension and transmission, introduced electric trigger LSS.

– M1A1 (1984 year) - 120mm smoothbore gun, ammunition was reduced to 40 shots, strengthened booking forehead body, new collective NBC protection system with built-in air conditioning.

– M1A1HA (English. Heavy Armor — букв. Heavy armor) (1988 year) - strengthened book tower, Tank is equipped with uranium armor 1st generation.

– M1A1HC (English. Heavy Common — букв. General strengthening)(1990 year) - the tank is equipped with a uranium armor 2nd generation, improved digital engine management and a number of other small improvements in accordance with the requirements of the Commission, Ammo increased to 42 artillery shells.

– M1A1NA + (1991 year) - the tank is equipped with a uranium armor 2nd generation.

– M1A1D (English. Digital - letters. Digital) (2000 year) - improvement of digital components for the tank to the level M1A1HC M1A2SEP, digital switchboards chassis and crew compartment. It was made for only two tank battalions.

– Nlalain (English. Abrams Integrated Management) - overhaul and modernization of previously constructed tanks to machinery output level of 1992-1993. Reservations are held at the same level.

– M1A1AIM Block I - overhaul and modernization of previously constructed machines. Introduced thermal second generation chamber for the main Gunner, thermal sight LSD, FBCB2-BFT terminal, integrated system for self-diagnosis of onboard systems, etc.. P. Reservations are held at the same level. On 2015 year is the main one for upgrading previously constructed M1A1 tanks(OF / NS / THE +) for the US Army and the ILC.

– M1A1AIM Block II/M1A1SA (English. Situational Awareness — букв. situational awareness) - the tanks are equipped with the uranium armor 3rd generation.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

– M1A1FEP (English. Firepower Enhancement Package — букв. Package increased firepower) - similar to M1A1AIM Block II enhancements for USMC tanks.

– M1A1KVT (English. Krasnovian Variant Tank) - M1A1 version of the complex simulation of Soviet-made tanks for use in NTC (English. Fort Irwin National Training Center - National Training Center of the US Army at Fort Irwin).

– M1A1M - export version for the Iraqi armed forces.

– M1A1SA (English. Special Armor — букв. special armor) - export version for the Royal Moroccan Army.

– M1A1 Block III (1983) - an experimental version: the new layout of internal body volume, uninhabited combat compartment with automatic weapons system, as well as the development of a new powertrain and electronic equipment.

– M1 SRV (English. Surrogate Research Vehicle) - experimental prototype M1 tank chassis for the study of the new layout of units within the armored corps: with the weight of the tower simulator arrangement of monitors.

– M1 TTB (English. Tank Test Bed) - experimental prototype M1 tank chassis, the modified taking into account the experience of testing machines M1 SRV: neobitaemaya towers, bronekapsuly for three crew members in front of the tank, M256 smoothbore gun caliber 120 mm, of ammunition 44 unitary shells, Placed in two-row carousel with a vertical arrangement of cells with automatic loader.

– M1 CATTB (English. Component Advanced Technology Test Bed) (1990) - pilot program to create a new tank: advanced united power unit on the basis of the diesel engine (AIPS), hydropneumatic suspension rocker system, 140-mm smoothbore tank gun (ATAS) with an autoloader and a multi-sensor target acquisition system (MTAS).

– M1A2 (1992 year) - Independent Thermal commander's panoramic sight, new gunner's sight with the stabilization in two planes and eye-safe rangefinder, the new commander's cupola with 8 periscopes (instead 6), Thermal monitoring device for the driver, combat information management system IVIS. Empowered book tower by increasing the dimensions of frontal parts and filling them with the uranium armor 2nd generation. Ammunition gun is 42 shot.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

– M1A2 SEP (English. System Enhancement Package — букв. Package of improved systems) (1999 year) - in the sights of the commander and the gunner's thermal imaging cameras introduced 2nd Generation (SADA II technology), command and control system is installed FBCB2. Filler frontal part of the tower is replaced by uranium armor 3rd generation, which increased the resistance of cumulative weapons. Permission ventilation device. There were color displays. As of 2015 financial year, the US Army has ordered the modernization 530

– M1A2 M1A2 to the level of the SEP on the average cost 4,8 million $ the unit and 1611 M1 / M1A1 to M1A2 SEP M1A2 SEP V2 and at an average cost 5,6 million $ per unit. The cost includes the cost of deployment, Maintenance and training. Deliveries of the upgraded M1A2 were to be completed in early 2010 financial year and 1590 upgraded M1 / ​​M1A1 received before the end of the army 2015 of the year.

– M1A2 SEP V2 (English. System Enhancement Package version 2 - letters. The second package of improved systems) (2008 year) - improved color displays to display the tactical situation, sights with electrooptic and infrared channels, Modified power plant and new means of communication, compatible with information networks infantry fighting compounds and. The modernization also includes the introduction of other technologies, developed under the program "of the combat system of the future" (Future Combat Systems).

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

– M1A2 SEP V3 (English. System Enhancement Package version 3 - letters. The third package of improved systems) (2015 year):
– unification of tank ammunition on the basis of two rounds - a new multi-HM1147 AMP with programmable fuse and a new armor-piercing M829E4 AKE;
– modernization of tank fire control system with the installation of equipment ADL (English. Ammunition Data Lin), can fire shots AMP with programmable fuse;
– installation of new thermal IFLIR devices in the gunner's sight and independent commander's panoramic sight, with the issuance of the display high definition;

– M1A2S (2011 year) - upgrading M1A1 and M1A2 for Sun in Saudi Arabia. The standard version of the M1A2 has a more economical engine, improved communications and control.

– Tank Urban Survival Kit (TUSK) - "set of additional equipment and booking, increasing the combat capabilities of the city ", designed for mounting on tanks M1A1 and M1A2; It includes a complex ARAT dynamic protection for hardening lateral projections from the cumulative weapons, thermal sight for the turret machine gun M240 loader, shields to protect the commander and loader when viewed from the open hatches, spaced bottom reservations, headset for communication with the infantry, additional gun M2 by setting CSAMM (is mounted on the mask gun), thermal sight commander LSD (for M1A1), Remotely controlled installation CROWS (for M1A2).

– XM1A3 (2014-2017's.) - under development: lightweight 120 mm cannon, improved suspension rollers, more durable rollers, lightweight armor, long-range precision weapons, improved engine and gearbox. Estimated weight to 55 t.

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

The performance characteristics of M1 Abrams

Crew, people: 4
years of production: from 1980
The number of issued, PC: 9880 units

All thin Abrams

– M1 – 54,4 tonnes; M1A1 – 61,3 tonnes; M1A2 – 62,1 tonnes; M1A2SEP – 63,1 tonnes.

Dimensions Abrams

– body Length, mm: 7925
– Length with gun forward, mm: 9766 (M1); 9828 (M1A1)
– housing width, mm: 3653
– Clearance, mm: 483…-432

armor Abrams

– Type broni: rolled steel and combined, protivosnaryadnym
– active protection: AN/VLQ-6 MCD (optional on M1A1NA / NA / HA +)
– dynamic protection: ARAT (optional)

armament Abrams

– Caliber guns and stamp: 105-mm M68A3 (since M1A1 - 120mm M256)
– gun type: nareznaya (since M1A1 - smoothbore)
– gun ammunition: M1 - 55 (c M1A1 40, M1A1HC 42)
– sights: The main gunner's sight: Compounded (vsesutochny) periscope monocular with integrated laser rangefinder
– Spare: telescopic articulated Kollmorgen Model 939
– antiaircraft: перископический монокулярный Kollmorgen Model 938
– Shotgun: 1× 12,7-mm M2HB, 2× 7,62-mm M240

Engine Abrams

– engine's type: AGT-1500
– Engine power, l. from: 1500

Abrams speed

– Road speed, kmh: M1: 72; M1A1, M1A2: 66,8
– Cruising on the highway, km: 440…-480

– power density, l. p. / m: 23,8
– Gradeability, city: 31°
– to overcome the wall, m: M1: 1,24; M1A1: 1,06
-trench, m: 2,74

Photo Abrams tank

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Scheme M1A2 Abrams tank

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Inside the tank M1A2 Abrams

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

Autoloader tank M1A2 Abrams

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 M1A2 Abrams Tank TTH, Video, A photo, Speed, armor

 

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anonym
anonym
4 years ago

Are you joking pictures with rechargeable signed autoloader ?

anonym
anonym
1 year ago

complete crap. In the first photo with the loader, it’s not a tank at all, 155 samohodnaya mm howitzer.