Mi-26 - Soviet multipurpose heavy transport helicopter was developed to replace the Mi-6 Mil. It is the world's largest commercially available transport helicopter. Serially produced at the plant "Rostvertol" holding "Helicopters of Russia".
Mi-26 Video exports crippled “Chinook”
Continuing the development of heavy transport helicopter, needed for the national economy and armed forces, MVZ im. ML. Mile in the early 1970s began to develop new next-generation heavy transport helicopters to replace the Mi-6 and Mi-10. Requirements for new helicopter provides for the carriage of cargo weight 20 ie at a distance 400 km, while ensuring the static ceiling, excluding the effect of affinity more 1500 m. By this time held in MVZ. ML. Mil together with TSAGI TsIAM and studies it was found, that the actual design of helicopters heavy goods can only be based on the use of geared drive systems rotor, which led to the choice of single-rotor scheme with tail rotor. However, the main difficulty is the problem of transmission to the rotor a huge power, which has been successfully achieved in the bureau creation of the main gearbox, taken along threaded neplanetarnoy circuit and having only a few large mass, than the helicopter Mi-6 reducer, at twice the transmit power.
Much attention has been paid to the choice of optimal parameters of the rotor: vosmilopastny designed rotor diameter 28 m allows for a much greater traction, than five-blade rotor diameter 35 m Mi-6, and held together with TSAGI studies on optimization of aerodynamic configuration of blades provided significantly increased efficiency of the rotor. In the construction of the rotor is used a number of technical innovations: Sleeve structure is made of a titanium alloy, providing high fatigue strength, and blade design with a steel tubular side member and the frame and lining widely used high-strength KM GRP, cell aggregates of polymer paper and the new high-strength adhesives. In a helicopter rotor Mi-26, having on 40% less weight, developed to 30% great traction.
Layout Mi-26 helicopter is selected so as, like the Mi-6, but its dimensions are smaller, What the Mi-6. The fuselage with the same dimensions and weight, how in MI6, It has a cargo compartment, the volume of which more than half, What the Mi-6, and which is designed to transport cargo twice as much and is equipped with devices, facilitate loading and unloading. Dimensions of the helicopter cab and load Mi-26 allow the transport of 80-90% of military equipment and cargos motorized division.
As the power plant for the Mi-26 helicopter were selected turboshaft TBG with free turbine D-136, started in Zaporozhye engine-building design bureau (Design Office) "Progress" under the leadership of chief designer in. A. Lot's roar and are not only the most powerful turboshaft gas turbine engine in the world, but also a low specific weight differing, low specific fuel consumption and low levels of noise and emission of air pollutants.
In the development of the helicopter, much attention was paid to the improvement of its aerodynamic contours, thus significantly reduce parasitic drag and contributed to a significant reduction in fuel consumption kilometer, as a result - doubling the reduced transport performance compared with the Mi-6.
The first flight of the first prototype of the Mi-26 helicopter made 14 December 1977 g. (Test Pilot GR. Karapetyan). helicopter development was carried out under the leadership of General Designer MN Tishchenko. According to the flight performance of the Mi-26 helicopter is significantly superior to domestic and foreign helicopters, as evidenced installed on it 14 international records, including lifting records 25 tons to a height 4100 m, 20 tons to a height 4600 m, 15 t of 5600 m 10 t of 6400 m, as well as reaching a height 2000 m flight mass 56 768 kg, established on February 2-4 1982 g.
Mi-26 were shown repeatedly on the international aerospace exhibition, starting with the 34th Air Show in Paris 1981 city, demonstrating the capacity, inaccessible to foreign helicopters.
Serial production of the Mi-26 helicopters began in 1984 g. at the Rostov Helicopter Plant. built more 300 helicopters for civil and military use, of which 40 exported to various countries, including 12 Canada and 10 to India.
Design
Helicopter single-rotor scheme with tail rotor, two gas turbine engines and tricycle landing gear. The structure is made of aluminum-lithium alloys with a wide application of titanium alloys and composite materials.
Fuselage
semi-monocoque design. The bow is located the cabin crew, consisting of the first pilot in the front left seat and the second pilot in the right seat. During the first pilot is Flight Engineer, and for the second - the navigator, radio operator; between the pilots on the jump seat can be positioned operator of cargo operations, for cabin crew posted a separate cabin for four passengers.
The helicopter-crane Mi-26TM, used for the transport of cargo on the external load, and construction and installation work, in front of the fuselage behind the front landing gear is suspended cabin management, facing back, operator to comfortably manage the freight works. The variant double suspension control cabin, placed under the cargo ramp and facing forward. Elektrodistatsionnoy cabin equipped with a control system.
Cargo compartment has a length 12 m (ramp 15 m), width 3,2 m and a height of 2,95-3,17 m, cabin volume 121 m3 Cab equipped with mechanized means for loading and unloading, consisting of two hoists lifting capacity 2500 kg and electric winch with a force 500 kg for moving goods in the cab, the floor of which is equipped with roller conveyors and hooks for securing loads. In the floor there is a hatch, through which the cable passes from the cargo to transport goods winches weight up 20 ie on the external sling. The cargo compartment is equipped with a cargo door with movable cargo ramp with doors opening outwards. Cargo ramp driven via hydraulic actuators and can be locked in any position, allowing you to carry long loads with a ramp, fixed in a horizontal position. In an emergency, the ramp can be moved using a manual pump. The large size of the cargo compartment and the cargo hatch provide transportation of large civil and military equipment, such as a crane or two infantry fighting vehicles and standard freight containers.
In the embodiment, a military transport in the cargo can be placed 80 soldiers on folding seats on the cockpit sides with equipment or 60 wounded on a stretcher with accompanying 4-5. In the passenger cabin in the embodiment are arranged 70 passengers, five in a row, on standard recliner armchairs, illuminating and signaling system, stall has a central passage and at the end of two toilets and luggage compartment, Access to the cabin is via a door on the port side with a folding ladder, to ensure comfortable conditions for passengers used tep-lozvukoizo;1yatsionnaya finish and air-conditioning system is installed.
The tail boom
Having a flat bottom surface to improve the conditions of loading and unloading, It becomes large vertical tail with asymmetrical profile to generate a lateral force and the steering propeller and controlled discharge parked stabilizer.
Chassis
FIXED GEAR, tricycle, with dual wheels and a retractable tail wheel. Front support self-orienting, the main support with dual wheel size 1120 x 450 mm is small in size, Two-cell suspension struts offer parked change clearance.
main rotor
Vosmilopastny, with hinged blades and hydraulic dampers. The blades are rectangular in plan, They have improved aerodynamic profiles relative thickness 0,12 in the butt and 0,09 at the end of the blade, and the moderate wind whirling. The blades mixed construction with tubular steel spar, joined by 26 sections with ribs, sheathing of fiberglass and honeycomb. Sock blades protected protivokorozionnoy plate of titanium alloy. Horde Blades 0,835 m, the circumferential speed of the blade tips 220 m / s.
The tail rotor
five-blade, diameter 7,67 m, with blades of rectangular shape in plan of fiberglass.
Power point
It consists of two turboshaft TBG with free turbine D-136, installed near the top of the fuselage in separate gondolas, separated by a fire wall titanium. engine air intakes are provided with dust protection devices and electrical deicing system. The power plant system is automatically maintain rotor speed; in the event of failure of one engine, the system automatically increases the power to a second extreme, maintaining a constant rotor speeds (132 rev / min).
Turboshaft TBG D-136 with a free turbine modular construction. The gas generator is based on the gas generator D-36 turbofan engines, It has six low-pressure stage compressor at a rotation speed 10 950 rev / min and a seven-step high pressure (14 170 rev / min). The two-stage free turbine has a rotational speed 8300 rev / min, regulated within ± 300 rev / min. engine Length 57,5 m, width 1,4 m, height 1,13 m, dry weight 1050 kg, Engine emergency power 8500 kW / 11 400 l. from., maximum continuous power 6338 kW / 8500 liters. from. Specific fuel consumption 0,206 kg / l. C-PM.
The auxiliary power unit is positioned under the cockpit on the left side and start engine provides the drive and the electrical and hydraulic systems and air conditioning system on docked.
Fuel contained in 8 soft tanks total capacity 12 000 l, located beneath the cabin floor, of which flows into two consumable tank, arranged on top engines.
Transmission
It consists of a main gearbox, two freewheels, shaft tail rotor drive, the intermediate gear and the tail rotor gearbox. Main gearbox BP-26 modular construction, three-stage, a cooling fan drive gear and oil systems, mounted above the engine air intakes, tail rotor transmission and helicopter units. The reducer has a length 2,5 m, width 1,95 m and a height 3,02 m, dry weight 3640 kg.
For maintenance of the power plant and transmission fairings on the engine has large hinged panel, used as a working platform, and a tail boom has a passage for the tail rotor transmission service without special ground support equipment.
Equipment
Two hydraulic system pressure 20,6 Pa m / 210 to g / cm2 and an electric system with a DC voltage 28 AT.
Navigation system to fly day and night, in simple and difficult meteorological conditions, It includes a combined exchange rate system "Comb-2", flight director PTP-77m and attitude indicator AGR-83-15, automatic radio compasses ARK-19 and ARK-UD, radio systems range navigation "Veer-M", Doppler velocimeter and drift angle Diss-32, antenna-feeder system "Daisy", A radio altimeter-036. The structure is installed on a flight Mi-26 complex PCI-26-1 includes four channel autopilot VUAP-1, trajectory control system, the guiding control system, System damping external load. there is a weather radar. Radio communication apparatus includes a command UK13- Radios P-863 and P-828, coherent HF radio station "The core-1B", emergency radio R-861 and aircraft intercom SPU-8, onboard television equipment BTU-1B with three cameras and a monitor device VK-175 to monitor the state of the cargo on external sling. Mounted magnetic system recording of the flight data, "Tester-UZ", machinery voice RI-65 crew notification of emergency situations in flight.
In embodiments, military transport has ejection device LTC, IR jamming transmitter devices, Screens for suppressing infrared radiation.
modifications
I-26 – Military transport version.
Mi-26A – improved version.
Mi-26M – Designed for performance and equipped with a new navigation equipment and new screw.
We-26MS – Medical version.
We 26NEF-M – An experimental version of antisubmarine; external load carried sonar detection station submarines, there are side removable cockpit operator, lotnom was in a museum in the state polurazobrannom. 16 November 2013 It has been seen in the area g. Novocherkassk during transportation on external sling Mi-26T.
Mi-26P – Civilian version on 63 passenger.
Mi-26PK – "Flying crane".
Mi-26PP – jammer.
Mi-26T – "Flying crane".
Mi-26T2 – 2-3 pilot, the helicopter is able to perform night flights, added screens in the cockpit, instead of analog sensors.
We-26TC – cargo version, certified in China.
Mi-26TM – "Flying crane".
Mi-26TP – Firefighter option.
Mi-26TZ – bowser.
Mi-27 – Air control point field armies fighting. The cargo compartment is divided by transverse bulkheads at the salon operations group (OG), technical and consumer compartments. Inside, the exhaust gas placed 6 work places, in the next compartment has a team of technical means and organization of communication, in the same place, if necessary, could organize additional destinations. In the technical compartment was radiocommunication apparatus. Appliances included a water supply system, buffet, compartment for the rest of two people and a toilet. two serial helicopters were converted, which were tested in Leningrad and Evpatoria. One of these cars then hit the Kharkov Institute of the Air Force, which it was used as a visual aid and then was disposed.
The performance characteristics of Mi-26
– Getting Started: 1980 year
Unit cost of the Mi-26
– $20-25 million (on 2011 year)
Mi-26 crew
– 6 human (Mi-26T2 – 2 man (3 the person at the external sling load))
Capacity of the Mi-26
– Passenger capacity troops: 85
– Passenger capacity paratroopers: 70
– Passenger capacity stretchers for the wounded: 60 + three seats for accompanying medical staff
Overall dimensions of the Mi-26
– The diameter of the rotor: 32 m
– Number of rotor blades: 8
– Area, swept rotor: 804,25 m²
– The diameter of the tail rotor: 7,61 m
– Length: 40,025 m
– fuselage length: 33,727 m
– The height of the rotor: 8,145 m
– The base chassis: 8,950 m
– track chassis: 5,000 m
– The length of the cargo compartment: 12,0 m
– The width of the cargo compartment: 3,2 m
– The height of the cargo compartment: 3,1 m
– The dimensions of the cargo hatch: 2,9 x 3,2 m
– Volume of cargo compartment: 110 m3
All Mi-26
– empty weight: 28 200 kg
– Mass normal takeoff: 49 500 kg
– Weight maximum takeoff: 56 000 kg
Carrying capacity of the Mi-26
– Capacity in cargo hold: 20 t
– Capacity on the external sling: 20 t
Engines Mi-26
– Power point: 2 × turbovalnыh "Motor Sich" D-136 (in term of PD-12)
– engine power: 2 × 11 400 l. from. (takeoff)
– consumption of aviation fuel: 3100 kg / hour
The volume of the Mi-26 tanks
– Volume of fuel tanks: 12 000 l
– The volume of external fuel tanks (PTB): 14 800 l four or PTB 4780 l in two FTB
Mi-26 speed
– full speed: 295 kmh
– Cruising speed: 265 kmh
Range Mi-26 flight
– Range of flight at maximum refueling: 800 km
– Range of flight at maximum load: 475 km
– Range of flight with the stretch: 2350 km (four PTB)
Practical ceiling Mi-26
– 4600 m
Static ceiling of the Mi-26
– 1800 m
Dynamic ceiling Mi-26
– 6500 m
Photo Mi-26
Cabin Mi-26
The cockpit of the Mi-26T2
Inside the Mi-26
