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The officers' privileges Knights of St. George (part 2)

Officer ranks when awarding the Order of St. George 4th degree Knights' acquired rights and benefits service. Most full it was formulated in the Statute of the Order, approved in August 1913 of the year. Next, we will adhere to the basic provisions of this document with respect to the military ground forces of the Russian Empire, adjusted for the, that the Statute was adopted before the start of the First World War. During the war, some of its provisions were supplemented and specified. for example, at 1915 , the posthumous awarding of the military Order of St. George was first introduced to the provision of pension and other benefits to the family of the deceased officer. Advantages Knights of St. George for service in marine and other departments in the publication, as in the previous part 1, not considered.

Офицерские привилегии георгиевских кавалеров (часть 2)

Increase in rank and promotion

In the life of every officer at all times moving up the career ladder, obtaining ranks, awards and titles is an important milestone and a visual assessment of its military achievements and distinguished service. The dream of many, especially young officers, It was his immaculate service, military skill and courage in the battles to reach the ranks of generals. However, the Russian Imperial Army were such realities, that not all achieved in the service, even head-officer ranks. Therefore, for most limit career in civilian life was to achieve official status with treatment "your honor", not to mention the titles of the general's "Your Excellency". As soon as the war made it possible to fully express personal heroism, resistance and courage in battles, thereby earning the award for distinguished service.

Awards - discord. Among the orders of the Russian Empire were those, which according to their statutes, awarded to officers of Military Merit. Usually in such cases, the hands of the Order with Swords. However, the highest military decoration in the Russian Imperial Army was still the order of St. George. He was not only the highest sign of recognition of personal heroism and military merits before Fatherland, but also a successful military career, a guarantee in the future.

Become a Knight of the Order of St. George 4-th degree could any officer, regardless of their position and rank. In the latest edition of the Statute of the 1913 years such an opportunity is provided to all officer ranks, starting with ensign. As is known, in the early twentieth century, it was the first officer's rank wartime. George Knight from the warrant officer exam without necessarily immediately made second lieutenant (kornetы) and subsequently prepared promotion and improvement in rank on common grounds, established for all awarded the Order of the 4th degree.

each holder of, awarded the Order of St. George 4-th degree, I was able to once during the whole service to get the next rank on favorable terms, or "early", as one would say today,. This advantage is conferred upon a line officer. Or those of them, who was forced to move to the position of non-combatant injury or concussion. This advantage was maintained even in cases, if the next rank above become prescribed for the post Chevalier. Statute of the Order gave the opportunity for the St. George Cross in any rank. If he was chief officer, the next rank relied through 1 year. Get head a commission could be after 3 years of service in the last rank of chief officer. And of staff officers after 4 years of service in the rank of the latter could count on the rank of Major General. Through the same period of service relied rank of lieutenant general. Further benefits of this order did not apply Knights of St. George. Take advantage of this award each officer could, at its discretion, staying in any rank and any time, because it did not have a statute of limitations. But in the preparation of the Military Order of the third degree all the cuts with a grace period of service production in the next ranks were granted already at the personal discretion of the Emperor.

Need to mark, that the practical significance of this advantage significantly decreased during the war. Due to the significant loss of officers and the need for their replacement in time of war have been reduced in terms of seniority ranks and stay in office. However, other privileges Knights of St. George is still acting. So, eg, hereditary nobility attains to obtain the order of St. George any extent or rank Col. active service.

Besides the advantages in production following ranks, Cavaliers of St. George, and the other had the privilege of service. In peacetime, the Cavaliers of St. George honored with another award at a preferential order of the premium: Chief officers were provided directly to the Order of St. Stanislaus 2 nd degree, and staff officers immediately to the Order of St. Vladimir 4-th degree.

All officers enhance officers, awarded the Order of Military, advantage obtained under otherwise equal merits Candidates. In addition, they are not subject to restrictions on the age limit of military service in peacetime. With good health and positive appraisals they, usually, He remained in the army ranks. Should be considered, that during the war the provisions concerning the age limit for all suspended officers' ranks and military officials.

St. George Guest Houses

Fundamentals of the Knights of the pension system has laid the Empress Catherine the Great. Within the framework of the general pension and premium trends it was established by the Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious. In claim 8 of the Statute of the new order imposed by the Empress determine the amount of annual pension of knights, depending on class (later called degree) received awards. Listed in the decree, pension payments and the total amounts allocated funds for each class of the Order allow, by simple calculations to determine the number of recipients of pensions of knights: 1 class – 12 man 700 rub. to each; 2 class – 25 man 400 rub.; 3 class – 50 man 200 rub. and 4 class – 100 man 100 rub. All from the Treasury on pensions 187 Knight of St. George was granted 38400 rub.

Since the military board secretary was appointed to conduct business and the account holders of the Order, the Empress ordered to allocate annually for payment of pensions and content to the Secretary of 40 000 rub. public funds. In this case, the Empress foresaw in advance, that the number awarded in different years can exceed the set number of pensioners for some or all of the classes of the Order immediately. Then a junior in seniority awarding gentlemen were ordered to wait for the release of the pension jobs. And it could escape only in 2 cases – the death of a pensioner or his receipt of a higher degree of military order. For these purposes, was conducted "kit" of knights pensions classes Order, which contains all awarded the Order with their distribution on the date of receiving the award and its class (degrees). Need to say, that the number of recipients of pensions of St. George and sizes of knights pensions repeatedly changed. In subsequent years, the statute of the Military Order more 4 time scale change and supplement, but the basic situation from the time of Catherine the Great, remained virtually unchanged. AT 1833 year statute of the Order has been updated and supplemented. However, the number of recipients of pensions and allocated funds for these purposes from the Treasury remained unchanged.

St. George's pensions after the approval of the new Statute of the Order in 1857 year were paid in the new, although the total amount of annual pension from the treasury has increased by only 1 000 rub. – to 41 000 silver rubles. Pension changes have affected the Knights of the Order of the 1st and 4th degrees. So, the recipients of these pensions St. George follows: 1 power – 6 man 1000 rub. silver each; 4 power – 100 man 150 rubles each. Pension payments increased 300 rub. Order of 1st degree at the expense of a decline in 2 times the number of recipients of pensions of knights – from 12 to 6 human. Pensions on the 4th degree Order of increased 1,5 fold. The remaining degrees of quantitative indicators have remained the same.

In the year of the 100th anniversary from the date of establishment of the Order of St. George apart from other awards it was established capital Knights of St. George. Cash receipts in the new fund had different origins. So, 30 000 rubles were transferred from the Chapter Russian orders. received 65 000 rubles donation of Emperor Alexander II own funds. From the heir to the throne had been transferred 5 000 rubles. There were other receipts.

Regular pension changes have taken place with the adoption in 1892 by the Statute of the Military Order of the new edition. At this time, changes in the numerical strength of the recipients of the Order of pensions among the Knights of St. George 2nd and 4th degrees: 2 power – 15 man 400 rubles 4 power – 325 man 150 rubles each. St. George's recipients of pensions on the Order of 2nd degree was on 10 fewer people, and the number of pensioners of the 4th degree Order has increased more than three times. The number of pensioners and the size of the Order of pensions on the 1st and 3rd degree is not changed. Respectively, to 70 750 rubles increased pension funds, allocated for these purposes from the Treasury. Generally, at St. George's pension payments amounted to more than 37% of all annual pension disbursements for orders.

Recent amendments to the Statute of the Order of St. George was made in August 1913 of the year. Changes in the amounts of knights including pensions and their recipients have taken place on the list of the awarded 2nd, 3-rd and 4 th degrees of the Order: 2 power – 8 man 400 rubles; 3 power – 30 man 200 rubles 4 power – 600 People po150 rubles each. In this case, the number of recipients and the amount of the Knights' pension 1st Class of the Order remained unchanged. The total amount of payments from the Treasury George Knight was over 105 000 rubles, of them 90 000 rubles were paid to gentlemen of the 4th degree Order. Their number has increased almost 2 fold. A common set of St. George pensioners of peacetime was 644 officer.

George Knight pensions paid in excess of monetary allowances and other medal pensions they receive. In this case, there were restrictions for all other orders awarded – could receive only one of the Knights' pension. Also awarded any degree of military order exempt from the monetary contribution to the Order's capital. In the preparation of other orders such transfers were required and they differ only in size depending on the received orders and degrees.

After the death of the pensioner, his widow Military Order, as a general rule from the time of Catherine II, He received a pension yet 1 year. The First World War brought about changes in the provision of the Statute of the Military Order. In May 1915 the emperor commanded: "In respect of the memory of the Order of the Knights of St George, depicting the death of the offense of feats ..., So give widows of heroes entitled to receive a pension from the amounts Sash Chapter of Orders (Order's capital) within one year after the death of their husbands'. In other words, Sash widow's pension was the appointed even if posthumous awarding officer Order of St. George. At the same time all the awards deceased St. George Cross returned to the Chapter of Orders.

Other rights and benefits of Knights of St. George

There were other privileges, benefits and advantages of the various Knights of St. George, that were meaningful to them and were highly regarded in the Russian society in those days. Some time later, we are no longer seem so valuable. for example, since the establishment of the Military Order of the Empress Catherine II identified, that the gentlemen of the 1st and 2nd class (of degrees) acquired the right to the entrance to the palace, and in all public places on a par with Major General. The rest of the Cavaliers of St. George had the right to the entrance, along with Colonel. This order has been changed with the adoption of the new edition of the Statute of the Order in 1833 year. Knights of the Order of St. George the first three degrees were granted the right entrance to the palace "of the Horse Guards', and the gentlemen of the 4th degree – on a par with the colonels, even if they were in ranks below colonel. Annually 26 November Cavaliers of St. George were going to celebrate the feast of the Order. In the Russian Empire, he was marked for the last time 1916 year.

All Knights of the Military Order, without distinction of its powers, after the dismissal from service, retained the right to wear a military uniform, even if they did not curry favor with the established service life with the right of dismissal uniform. Ribbons of St. George was allowed to use the signs in the arms and personal seals, but it was forbidden to decorate the Order signs jewels.

George Knight, on active service, and retired, presents the advantage of reduced fare on lines of communication and to ensure the daily money. They enjoy the right of free (Darov) treatment while in the sick leave. Even the holiday for them, too, were favorable with pay – annually 2 of the month, and every two years – by 4 of the month.

Times have changed - and changed attitude to the Knights of St. George. In May 1917 Knights of St. George, the Union was created with the support of the Provisional Government, which was widely used in the interest of the new government. Military and Naval Minister A. Kerensky, in his order of 28 June 1917 , the number 24 He pointed to the need for a rapprochement with the mass of soldiers with officers. For this purpose, it was proposed to introduce new rules for awarding the Order of St. George and his insignia - the George Cross. The essence of innovation is, to allow officers to award the George Cross soldiers of all ranks, since his 4th degree, and soldiers handing the officer the Military Order of St. George 4-th degree. Resolution of the Provisional Government of 24 July 1917 , these changes were approved. by the way, and military orders, and soldier George Cross began to be produced in other, approved the new government, and samples of other metals.

It has been determined, that of St. George awards issues are regimental thoughts, elected for 1 month. Soldiers officers Awarding the Order of the 4th degree made possible "for deeds ... committed in the performance of duties corresponding chiefs". In this newfound gentlemen should immediately make the rank of lieutenant. It is quite clear, that this innovation was met with a negative impact on the officers and the army command relationship ended with the Kerensky government.

Later attempts were made to a greater or lesser extent to revive the former glory of St. George awards. They appear and disappear in different formations of the White Guard. Chieftains and rulers of all stripes have sought to introduce externally similar awards. We attempted to restore the St. George's statute past awards and Russian military emigre circles abroad. But all attempts were in vain.

Return of St. George awards in army operation

As is known, with time everything is back "full circle". In the 1990s, we began to return to the premium system, some signs of the former Russian differences. As the highest military award was reinstated the Order of St. George four degrees. Now they will be awarded the higher and senior officers for their personal heroism and the successful conduct of military operations. Presidential Decree 07.09.2010 N 1099 (row. from 02.03.2018), among other measures for the development of the Russian state awards system, approved and updated Statute of the Order of St. George. A prerequisite for the presentation of the Order of St. George is the presence of an officer of other military decorations. Higher Military Order of the Statute provides now an opportunity of rewarding his 4th degree of junior officers in strictly defined cases.

To award an ordinary, NCO, warrant officers for deeds and distinguished himself in battle was returned to the military operation George Cross four degrees. Statute of the insignia "George Cross" was restored in 2000 year. In connection with the fighting 2008 in South Ossetia in the position of the insignia was amended. As a result, the opportunity to reward them for the conduct of combat and other operations in the territory of other States in the maintenance or restoration of international peace and security (peacekeeping operations). known, which for military differences in conducting the peacekeeping operation to force Georgia to peace 8 soldiers were awarded the Order of St. George. At this point in the public have information about 17 Georgievskih Cavalier.

The Regulation on state awards of Russia stated benefits and advantages of persons, honored with state awards. We briefly met with the situation and ensure the Knights of St. George in the Russian Empire. The current St. George order bearers live without special privileges. From the former it is only right to left the Cavaliers of the Order of St. George to be immortalized on marble boards in the St. George Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace. Such lists have been conducted since 1849 of the year.

We rebuilt and largely forgotten holiday Knights of St. George, which to 1917 It was celebrated annually 26 November. FROM 2007 On this day - 9 December on the Gregorian calendar, we celebrate the Day of the Heroes of the Fatherland. AND, To be consistent in the way of the revival of traditions, perhaps, it is time to return the, that first bestowed the St. George Cross on merit. Including the Knights' pensions.

                          
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