My late father dedicated
John Reed (1887-1920's.) - American journalist socialist, author of famous works "Along the Front" and "10 Days, That Shook the World ".
John Reed was born in Portland, Oregon. Mother - daughter of a Portland entrepreneur, father – for the production of agricultural equipment company representative. journalist's father was a "strong, straightforward pioneer "in the spirit of Jack London.
From his father, John inherited a first-class mind and courage. After graduation in 1906 g. school he was sent to study at the famous University of America – Harvardskyy. After spending 4 at Harvard, John became a member of the team of swimmers, chirliderov, He was a member of the editorial board of the student magazine and president of the student choir. During this period he took part in the socialist club activities.
John received an excellent education – He became a certified literary. At the university, he carefully studied the works of thinkers Socialists. And in this period was the author of profound journalistic articles.
After receiving his degree, John Reid traveled to Europe.
Deciding to become a journalist, John Reed began his career in New York City. Still being the editor of the university satirical leaf "Mocker" has shown himself in a light style master. Now he writes stories, poem, drama. Publishers began to pay him serious fees, and major newspapers ordered reviews of the most important events.
John Reed. ill. "10 days, That Shook the World ". M., 1957. From the author's library
His bravura become social problems. So, when Peterson started a major strike of textile workers – John Reed was in the thick of it. He participated in the Mexican Revolution 1913 g. - as a member of the magazine "Metropolitan". this event report appeared in the "Metropolitan" Journal, and later – in the book "Revolutionary Mexico".
With the outbreak of World War II, Reed goes to Italy, and then to France. Reed did not sympathize with any of the member states of war.
Subsequently, the journalist returned to New York, remaining there until the end 1914 g. AT 1915 g. he went to Thessaloniki, then to Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania. Reed found himself in Russia, as well as in Constantinople. These events were the basis of the book "Along the Front", published in April 1916 g.
John Reed's book cover sheet "along the front". From the author's library.
spring 1915 g. as a war correspondent D. Reed traveled to Russia and the Balkans, having made a 2nd trip to the European theater of operations.
John Reed was in Eastern Europe at the moment, when the German High Command, concentrating most powerful impact forces on the Eastern Front, It is trying to get Russia out of the war a powerful blow. At the same time, the steady lull on the Western Front, bought by the blood of the Russian soldier, It enabled the allies to prepare for new decisive battles.
Desperate gamble almost cost the life of a correspondent. Equipped with questionable documents, he illegally crossed the river. Prut and entered the location of the Russian army. Only a lucky coincidence saved John Reed from being shot on suspicion of spying.
The author of this book was trying to stay in the role of an objective and conscientious chronicler. John Reid is trying to reproduce everything impassively, what he has witnessed. Style correspondent record has determined a certain superficiality of presentation.
The author noted, that Russian capitalists, the petty bourgeoisie and the proletariat have been set up "very patriotic", For the paradox of the war was that, that the fight against the Germans was at the same time fight against the Russian bureaucracy.
He was particularly struck by the diversity and national diversity of Russia.
soon D. Reed returned to the US. But even after coming in April 1917 g. his country in World War II, journalist's position in relation to the latter remained unchanged.
John Reed was born war correspondent. Danger could not hold it – he always made his way to the front line. An eyewitness recalled, as a journalist in September 1917 g. on the Riga front Wendy, when the German artillery shells began to fall asleep in the nearby village, almost died - but was delighted.
During his travels, John Reid sought to get to the root of the problems identified, emphasizing their social commentary. So it was in the study of Mexican problems, during social conflicts and Peterson Colorado. Returning from last, He spoke about the violence in Ludlo – as the miners thrown out of homes, and traveling workers shot soldiers. AND, referring to the Rockefeller, He stated: "This is your mine, it's your hired thugs and soldiers. you killer!».
As a result, John Reid has been brought to justice - but for anti-militarist article. This became possible after the United States becoming a belligerent.
By this time, Reid returned from the battlefields of the First World War with the curses as a social phenomenon - as a bloodbath. The "Liberator" magazine, John Reid published a violent article – and together with other. The editor was prosecuted for treason. New York Attorney tried his best to get a conviction by jury. Reid and his colleagues advocated persuasion, and John said, that would not even fight under the American flag - painted a picture, where he had the opportunity to become an eyewitness. And ... the editors have justified.
In summer 1917 g. Reed hurried to Russia, located in the revolutionary frenzy.
John Reed was an active participant in the October events in Petrograd, having witnessed the dissolution of the Pre-Parliament, built barricades, The applause. AND. Lenin and D. E. Zinoviev, when they emerged from the underground after the fall of the Winter Palace.
All these events he described in his famous book "Ten Days, That Shook the World ". The book was published in the US 1919 g. (withstand only this year 3 edition) and it was first published in Russian in the USSR 1923 g. The work was praised. AND. Lenin – In the preface to the American edition. During the second John Reed arrived in Soviet Russia 1919 g. AT. AND. Lenin wrote the foreword for the new American edition of the book – but with a preface in. AND. Lenin she came to the US only 1928 g.
Title page of John Reed's book "10 days, That Shook the World ". From the author's library.
AT. AND. Lenin noted the great interest in the book D. Rida, It recommended its workers of all countries, wanting to see translated into all languages - in fact it is "give a true and extremely vividly written account of events, so important for understanding, what a proletarian revolution, that is the dictatorship of the proletariat ".
n. TO. Krupskaya also wrote, that in this book "an unusually bright and highly described the first days of the October Revolution. it – is not a simple list of facts, collection of documents, this – series of living scenes, so typical, that each of the participants in the revolution should recall similar scenes, he had witnessed ".
In Russian book to John Reed 1957 g. izdavalasʹ 11 time: at 1923 city, at 1924 g. (4 edition), at 1925 city, at 1927 g. (2 edition), at 1928, 1929 and 1930 gg. Nearly all the editions of the book in Russian, starting with the first, We went with the preface in. AND. Lenin and H. TO. Krupskaya.
Reed picked for the book material is everywhere - so, he collected complete sets of "Pravda" newspaper, «Izvestia», all brochures, proclamations, plakatov and poster.
About, how the journalist possessed situation, following facts.
The Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) 10 October 1917 g. He adopted on the report in. AND. Lenin's resolution on the current situation he wrote, recognize the uprising inevitable and overdue and all Party organizations to be guided by this postulate in their practice. We voted against the resolution R. B. Kamenev and G. E. Zinoviev, and a. D. Trotsky proposed not to start the uprising before the opening of the II Congress of Soviets. John Reid, particularly focused on the position of L. D. Trotsky at the Congress.
John Reed noted, that the power in. AND. Lenin as the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution was that, that it combined the intellectual and theoretical power of a managerial genius. D. Reed Named. AND. Lenin's "extraordinary leader". AT. AND. Lenin had, John Reed wrote, "A powerful ability to reveal complex ideas in simple words and give a deep analysis of the concrete situation with a combination of astute flexibility and daring courage of the mind".
Author of the book was inspired by the ideas of the Bolshevik Party, and after returning from Russia, attempts have been made in U.S. seize collected John Reed materials – including through the bandit raids to steal out of the office publishing the book manuscript.
Following the release of "Ten Days" American magazines not published any of his lines, and journalist actually created his own magazine – He became editor of "Revolutionary Age", and then the magazine "Communist". Reed to promote their views, driving around America and participating in conferences, and, finally, He has become one of the US Communist Workers Party founder.
D. Reid fought against US intervention in Soviet Russia – and in this regard, 5 once brought to justice and 20 again arrested.
It was Russia that transformed John Reid in a consistent revolutionary. Journalist writing table was littered with books to the. Marx, F. Engels and B. AND. Lenin. And John Reed became an adherent of the Russian Revolution.
Eventually, at 1919 g. Reid arrived in Moscow and began working in the Communist International above the confluence of the two communist parties USA, and he was elected a member of the Executive Committee of the Comintern.
In July – August 1920 g. he became a delegate to the 2nd Congress of the Comintern. Many traveled to Russia, collecting material for a new, third, books – about the everyday life of peaceful construction.
In the autumn 1920 city, returning the Congress of Oriental, he fell ill with typhus, and on the night of 19 October 1920 g. He died in Moscow.
John Reed's remains are buried in Red Square, near the Kremlin wall.
sources
John Reed. along the front. M., 1916.
John Reed. 10 days, That Shook the World. M., 1957.
literature
John Reed. 3-is ed. M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1969.
And Kireyev. AT. Literary work of John Reed. Bitter, 1974.
A Dangulov. FROM., With Dangulov. A. Legendary John Reed. M.: Soviet Russia, 1978.
