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"Great rifle US drama" (Rifles on countries and continents - 5)

In this series of articles has already been noted, having quite decent carbines, The USA army had decent modern rifles and had to settle for priming rifles model 1861 of the year. But it does not mean, that there were no specialists, working in this area.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Rifle "Ward Burton» M1871 year.

So, at 1859 by Brooklyn Bethel Burton gunsmith patented rifle with a sliding gate, but was unable to attract attention. Then in 1861 , he appealed to the Confederation and was immediately arrested by federal marshals after, I received an order from 40 000 rifles. Having spent a year in prison, Burton ispravilsja, I swore an oath of loyalty to the United States and became a "good citizen". AT 1868 , he modified his rifle, and now it has become possible to use a brass cartridges with capsules of the central battlefield, and again I tried to attract the interest of both the US, and abroad. Demonstrating the rifle in the State of New York, Bethel Burton met General William D. Ward. The two men formed a partnership and, using military links General, able to interest professionals Springfield arsenal. AT 1871 year, "Ward Burton," is the first rifle, created for the US Army.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Karaʙin Ward Burton M1871 years.

The rifle was created under the bullets Springfield .50 (11,4-mm) the central battlefield. Locking by turning the bolt, said lugs and reload arm located at the rear of the shutter. Lugs were six turns large triangular thread, diametrically divided into two sectors (like a piston the device gate artillery!), whereby the receiver was very tech. The hammer cocked when the shutter during forward. In this work different mechanism smooth. Fuse in the form of a small lever located on the right side of the slide frame. The sight is to be maintained on the fire 1000 yards.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Bolt-action rifle, "Ward Burton» M1859 year - open.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Make rifles shutter.

Total produced 1013 rifles and 313 karaʙinov Uorda-Bjortona, received by the 13th Infantry Regiment and some cavalry company. Operation revealed, but, the disadvantage, that the troops, unfamiliar with a rifle with a rotating bolt, We could not decide, charged or not, due to incidents that took place with unexpected shots. And here is a trifle, as the absence of an external "indicator", showing, charged or not, decided the whole thing. Therefore, the US Army has retained a more traditional rifle "Springfield" and a shotgun as his official firearm.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Zatvor vintovki Ward Burton M1871 years.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Carbine clip and mark an arsenal in Springfield carbine "Ward Burton» M1871 year.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Scheme rifle shutter device "Ward Burton" M1871 year.

Meanwhile, as time went on, 1876 year, many US military taught, and they decided to equip its army weapon shop.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Carbine "Winchester Gochkiss" M1879 g.

Such was the rifle (or "muskets", if we use the American terminology) "Winchester Gochkiss" arr. 1879 city, first model, adopting the USA Navy. All these rifles and carbines the first model was manufactured 6396. Of them 5199 mušketov, 812 Karabinova, 563 sporting rifles and 1500 for sailors. Nevertheless, the army ordered all 500 rifles, China - 1000 PC., Japan - also 500 PC. Well, for informational purposes only bought them and other world army.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Driving device rifle "Winchester Gochkiss" arr. 1883 g.

Selected Commission magazine rifles 1878 of the year, Gochkissa system used a tube magazine for six rounds, housed in the butt. He loaded cartridges through the bolt carrier, that is, the cartridges are inserted in her at the open gate ahead bullets. Interesting, that the trigger has a wide ring, slides along the inside of the store. The store itself could disable. To do this right on the bed had a rotary switch. Shareholder of the production company became Winchester, but the assembly and production of many other parts carried the Springfield arsenal.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
shop switch.

Model 1879 produced in configurations "first model" and "second model". Rifles were issued and "third model" (sometimes referred to as a model 1883), but it has found limited use.

Interesting, today carbines of the system are much more expensive, than rifles, and their details are almost identical. Therefore, some "smart people" guessed before, that started to buy rifles, shorten their, put a new fore-end and receive the price difference and the carbine rifle. But fortunately, serial numbers of all known early carbines, therefore quite easy to install collector for an intelligent, whether a particular shotgun authentic. This list of serial numbers published in the equipment list of the US cavalry DR. Farringtonam. There are also functional differences. for example, have one rifle ramrod, and here at the rifle under the barrel of two ..., and they are screwed!

"Winchester" also tried to create a "musket" and carbine for the army, but his model 1873 year and remained unclaimed. However, carbines of this model the firm purchased Turkey and armed their cavalrymen, fought with our cavalry during the Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 gg.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Turkish army rifle. Up: Snyder, the M1866 rifle, in the center - Peabody-Martini, the M1869, at the bottom - "hard drive" 1866 g. (FROM. Petersburg Artillery Museum. photo n. Mikhailova)

Thus the US Army, as before, remained without magazine rifle and the "gap" in her arms tried to fill in the James Paris Lee, Scot, naturalized in the United States. The first box magazine was patented by them in 1879 year, after which he had a long time to sue Ferdinand von Mannlicher about the violation of his copyright. It is believed, Lee was a British designer, as his name is included in the name of the rifles "Lee-Metford" and "Lee-Enfield". In fact, these rifles used only his shop, and Lee was detachable!

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Rifle "Remington-Li" M1885 g.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Scheme devices rifle "Remington-Li" M1885 g

Just note, his rifle model 1879 g. "Remington-Li" U.S.. Navy US Navy liked, but the funds for the production he had no order and began to carry the company "Remington", hence the double name of this sample. It has been done about 1300 such rifles, and later signed to the model contract 1882 year more 770 rifles. Then there was the Navy contract model 1885 of the year, under which produced more 1500 pcs. Among its features regarded caliber .43 Spanish (11.15× 58-mm R). AT 1887 year 500 rifles bought New Zealand.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Prison rifles with vzvedennыm udarnikom. Location bolt handle back, which increased its rate.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Shutter and in it a spring extractor, resting on the cutout of the receiver.

Another experimental rifle, experiencing at this time in the USA - a rifle model 1882 g. Chaffi-Shirt. 753 these rifles were made in the Springfield arsenal 1884 year. Ruben has designed its Shipley Chaffee, and it has become an interesting feature of the tubular store, whose spring-feeder absent.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Circuit devices rifles Chaffi-shirt M1882 d.

Instead store pipe has in the lower part of the two rails: one with teeth (that moves), and the other with notches (which is fixed in place). It was all arranged in such a way, that the cartridges in store recorded one after the other, and when the shutter distortion of moving forward. That is, they had to be inserted in the front, but also behind. And, inserted into the store one bullet was not recommended. For, that he was in the chamber, had five times distort the bolt! clear, that all these "over-screwing-Rod" were too fragile for, to beat opponents butt, as the club, so the rifle into service did not accept.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Rifle Chaffi-shirt M1882 d.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Rifle Chaffee Riza open gate.

"Remington Kin" - another experienced rifle with grenade tubular magazine. The Navy acquired 250 rifles for comparison with their 2500 rifles "Gochkiss" and 300 vintovkami "Remington-Li" M1885 g. These rifles remained in service for about ten years on board ships "Trenton" and "Michigan". In July 1880 , the United States Department of the Interior has purchased 600 rifles of this type, to equip the Indian police in several states in the western United States. Rifles were manufactured for civilian sales, We had calibers .45-70, .40-60 and .43. rifle weighed 4,1 kg. Number of rounds in underbarrel store - 9.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Rifle "Remington-Kin".

rifle design Keane had a number of interesting features, other guns not encountered. for example, rotating bolt she was fitted with a trigger, that the shooter had to manually enter before firing. Another feature Keene design was, that its tube magazine can be charged from two sides: either through the top of an open gate, or from the bottom with the shutter closed, through a window with a spring-loaded cover.

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Cover the charging port Keane rifle.

As a result, the "Great rifle drama" ended in the United States only with the adoption of into service rifle "Krag-Jorgensen» M1892 year. That is, even later, than it is over here in Russia. That's even as the!

«Великая ружейная драма США» (Винтовки по странам и континентам – 5)
Soldiers of the US Army during the war with Spain.

Well, and about Lee M1895 rifles g. and "Springfield" M1903 g. here on the page in we were told ...

To be continued…

Author: V.O.Shpakovsky

                          
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