While the developed Western countries, our sworn "friends", extensive use of PMCs to solve geopolitical problems, in Russian PMCs topic is just beginning to be discussed, but faces resistance. And not only at the state level, where he immediately began to argue about the issue of oversight of PMCs, for the Federal Security Service, or the Department of Defense, but also in the public consciousness. Many people either do not understand the value of PMC or incorrectly interpreted the scope of their application. Often hear, the PMC will be the armies of the oligarchs who create chaos in the country, will duplicate the army, regularizing employed labor and t.d. Simple question, what PMCs and where it can be used for many proved to be far from simple.
Scope of PMCs.
Private military company - is a private (not a state) The organization provides services to military and security nature outside country (State of origin in the terminology "document Montrё»). In other words, just outside of the Russian Federation, Russian PMCs can operate as a PMC. Domestically, they can act over, but not as PMC, as well as the PSC in the framework of the federal law "On private detective and security activity in the Russian Federation". Problems in the, we do not have the legal framework governing the establishment of, activity, liquidation and accountability of PMCs, As an organization operating outside the Russian Federation. Do not forget, that the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provided item. 359 - mercenary.
At first sight, PMCs mercenary fighter and in fact one and the same person, and really the line between mercenary activities and the activities of PMCs rather conventional, but still they are different things. PMC (in the case of military activities) it is primarily an organization, which usually concludes the contract with the current legitimate government of another country (or those of the country of origin recognized) to perform military tasks. The contract specifies the goals and objectives of PMCs, their remuneration and responsibilities. Although the international regulation of PMCs have not formalized, According to the only existing international instruments "Montreux Document", PMCs are responsible for their actions, and could theoretically be prosecuted for violation of human rights and the rules of war. The enactment of the PMCs will clearly draw the line between private military and mercenary activities and protect our de jure non-existent, but de facto operating PMCs from prosecution under Article. 359 Criminal Code.
PMCs.
Modern PMCs have two directions:
The international market of security services (Mroue). This includes:
protection of military and economic targets;
support of clients and cargoes;
search activity in hazardous areas;
instruction and training of foreign armies.
The annual turnover of this market is over 100 billions of dollars. Wherein 75% This turnover is more than 700 Western companies.
Russia as a result of many reasons (to the subject of the article is not otnosyashihsya) It became an outsider of the international division of labor (MRT). Briefly MRI - a specialization proivzodstve countries of certain types of goods and services, due to historical, political, economic and other factors. Industries such as electronics, automobile production, computer equipment produced only a certain group of companies (nations) divided the whole world market among themselves. The emergence of a new player in this market is unlikely, It requires a huge initial capital. For rosiiskogo private business unreal to compete with Western multinationals. The cost of technology, training, production and advertising, to get at least some piece of the market will be asironomic, and the investments themselves are risky and long-term. However, the MPRO, this is the market, which is not yet fully formed, in which Russia has all the means (people, arsenal). Unique opportunity, one of the few when time is not yet wasted, and the market is not closed yet, therefore, access to the MPRO is a strategic task of the state. In Russia there are about 20 private companies providing military security services, however, they are mainly engaged in the protection of the oil-producing facilities. There is no clear definition of their legal status and state support.
Army contracts.
Based on the military-political situation, as well as economic feasibility, the use of PMCs for solving military tasks can be more effective than the use of regular troops.
The American army has widely used and will continue to apply the practice of army contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan. One of the world's largest PMCs Academi (formerly Blackwater) 90% receives his earnings on army contracts.
for example, Russia could effectively use PMCs during the fighting in Syria. The President clearly outlined the scope of the operation – enter a limited contingent of videoconferencing to perform support tasks and cover the army of the Syrian Arab Republic (MONTHLY). but, VKS parts need protection, support, intelligence service. Real military activities involve certain risks. Society is sensitive to participation (not to mention the losses) overseas soldier. In order not to get bogged down in other people's military conflicts, avoid possible losses of personnel of the armed forces, prevent pro-Western liberal press to blame the state of being drawn into the conflict, Russia could use PMCs. The most interesting, that according to unofficial data, Russia used some kind of PMC in Syria. According to many sources, our specialists actively and successfully helped the SAR army in ground operations. But as always, according to our good old tradition, everything is classified, hiding, denied…
findings:
PMC is a modern, growing business, that thrives in the leading countries of the world.
PMCs must and can only be used outside the country of origin, only abroad.
PMC should and can only act in two directions:
The international market of security services (Mroue).
Army contracts, based on military-political and economic factors.
Russian PMCs should and can take leading positions in the billionth IRED, which will provide cash flow to the economy, workplaces, welfare specialists.
For the implementation of the effective activities of Russian PMCs, it is necessary to legislate their activities. The law on PMCs should clearly regulate the rights and obligations of PMCs, how to create them and the elimination of, responsibility and accountability. It is necessary to create a competitive environment among Russian PMCs and ensure their promotion at MPRO.
