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columns held in the area of ​​warfare and guerrilla warfare

Forces and means, allocated for the protection and support columns
The movement of the columns with material resources in the area of ​​armed conflict should be organized taking into account the probability of gangs unit ambushes on traffic routes, conduct of mine warfare and possible provocations by hostile population.

Automotive columns are one of the main targets of bandits. They are very vulnerable to small arms fire, and mine, installed on roads.

Possibilities units support columns make:

– for company – support for a column wiring, having of up to 45 machines,

– for battalion – support for a column wiring, having of up to 150 machines.

But consider unshakable similar distribution scheme escort units erroneously. It all depends on the tactics of the enemy's actions.

In the preparation of the personnel of the armed with regular weapons with ammunition laid, flares, smoke bombs, terrestrial signal cartridges (to indicate their position when striking helicopters), monitoring means (Two binoculars to secede) body armor and equip, basinet, individual dressing packages and bundles.

Marching order column – patrol squad (1), parent patrol (2), propulsion squad (3), Support Group (4), Martial Combat Outpost (5), machine commander (6), machine communication with the elder chief, close defense (motorized compartment) the BTR (BMP), distributed through the column 8-10 machines (7), the column circuit (8), tыlynaya pohodnaya stands (9) – It must take into account traffic safety, reliability and speed of protection coming into the fight escort (application 1).

For transportation of the cargo truck convoys on the main roads include: staff car division, firepower (2-3 u, ZU-23-2 on cars); radios for communication with the central control station, CBU compounds and manual parts, control positions (DP), 2-3 radios for communication tower, as well as from the outpost and control positions, radio station for communication with helicopters. antiaircraft, fire cover from artillery fire positions in key areas of the team artillery spotters in the column are arranged, to allow firing at ground targets.

When driving on roads, Not guarded outpost, Automobile column accompanied by regular motorized rifle or intelligence units (platoon, company), force and means which are distributed along the column at the rate of not less than one APC (BMP) for every five to ten cars. When approaching the narrow mountain defiles (gorges) escort units pushed forward and, covering the column direction from the endangered, passed through a dangerous area, then take their place in the marching order.

On dangerous sections of routes, as well as stopping places for the organization of the protection of the commanding heights and advantageous positions in advance is sent to unit.

In all cases of the columns are allocated engineering forces and reconnaissance and clearance (tank, BTS-4D or BIS-1 trawls, thorns, minoiskateli IMP "Orthopedist», P-299, Transmitter interference "probe"), that follow in the head of the column, advanced navigation gunner and artillery spotter with a means of communication and fire tables. Besides, column continuously combat helicopters accompanied with the change of vapor in the air, and in overcoming the dangerous areas – ground attack aircraft.

actionable intelligence features, and escort accompanying columns

Under the conditions of collision threat of illegal military units or groups of military fighters column march (several troop columns) carried out with the release of the required amount of intelligence, escort and compliance with all masking events.

From division escort military column on the march ahead functions reconnaissance patrol as part of the enhanced MRV or pB, which is sent to removal 1-3 km. Its structure is included engineering engineering unit with reconnaissance, sometimes with specially trained dogs calculations mine detection.

A photo: the Internet

An important element is the marching order cruising. The structure of the avant-garde, usually, appointed by the motorized infantry battalion with a tank company, an artillery battery and anti-tank platoon, as part of the GEA – motorized infantry company reinforced tank platoon and a mortar battery, platoon.

Particular attention is paid to guard the side, moving by ridges on the column head level or avant. There, where lateral movement is impossible escort, exhibited stationary outpost, which by the passage of the columns are removed and attached to it.

Sometimes columns escort, sovershayuschey march, advance unit sent (scouting party) from movement of the column. They checked the possible places the device guerrillas ambush, in hazardous areas exposed outpost, conducts engineering reconnaissance of the route. On route availability, is commanded at the beginning of movement of the column.

To inspect the terrain and terrain along the route of following divisions (in a designated area) Watch stands out head (patrol squad, a car). For direct viewing of closed sites, suspicious places, impediments, barriers and the individual objects are assigned on foot patrol, which usually operate in pairs, troykami. One of the sentinel appointed senior, which moves behind the sentinel, watching them in readiness to support them. office (watch) moving them in readiness to support them at a distance of visual communications and fire support. Movement sentinel and composition watch performed "roll" from cover to cover.

Marines moved one after the other in the afternoon at a distance 8-10 ша­гов, at night – on distance 3-4 steps, while senior patrol should be behind the sentinel, ready to support it with fire. Movement is done secretly, one intended for the observation point to another. Scouts carefully examine the surrounding countryside. Not finding the enemy, Senior Sentinel delivers separation signal "All clear". After sentinel signal feed advance to the next point or expected approach units, that is, there are, depending on the commander's instructions. The commander of the unit and a designated observer constantly watching the sentinel.

Hiking sentinel when viewed at a distance of the object are 20-30 meters from each other. With the direct examination of the object one patrol, other (other) – must be ready to support its fire your weapon.

Exploration terrain and terrain always starts with a tour in the surveillance device with a maximum distance. All noticed immediately report (a signal) commander, Send the sentinel. To do this, the signals are set in advance, they must firmly know the entire staff. It is recommended to assign not more 6-8 signals. They are served in the afternoon hands, weapon, objects scouts equipment, and at night – with lantern with colored glass. The selection and appointment signals the preference is always given to the ingenuity and experience of intelligence. All signals shall be concealed from the enemy, but it is clear to their host. When inputted observation of the enemy is not terminated. Gave the signal has to make sure, that its signal is received.

Exploration of obstacles and barriers inspection carried them on foot patrol, that primarily identify the presence of the enemy and the ability to circumvent or overcome. Upon detection of the enemy scouts report to Commander, sent to explore, and continue to monitor the enemy. Engineering structures are examined first patrol from the outside. If no signs of enemy presence, sentinel come closer, examined more carefully facilities, and then use them for their own camouflage and hiding.

On examination, the height should explore approaches to it, determine, any place can be viewed opponent. Inspect the height of the best two pairs of sentinel on opposite slopes. Sentinel bypass height, conducting surveillance, both ramps, and beyond the apex. Available at the height of trees, shrubs, ruins, buildings, etc.. They should be examined carefully, since it is in such places the enemy is most often satisfied with the shelter and ambush.

roads, trails, gorge, canyons, defile, mountain streams are viewed with favorable observation points, Particular attention is drawn to the place, where possible adversary device places, and various obstacles.

When viewed from the ravine senior patrol moving along the edge of the ravine, and sentinel – on its bottom. passing a ravine (tesninu, beam), sentinel occupy his exit convenient for observation and fire place, and then fed a signal "free path". When it is impossible to survey all of the ravine (the narrows, beams), are examined areas, where the probability of finding the greatest enemy.

For intelligence units (outpost) at short distances, usually, should ensure troop movements (Ltd.), which may include exploration group, and providing group razgrazhdeniya. In some cases, in its composition may include motorized, tank units, trawls fitted with mine, flamethrowers, antiaircraft, KSM on bronebaze, calculations mine detection. units are equipped with: Sure, SKILLS-77, Kaftarkhon, TMM, charges demining.

Route troop movement is divided into areas of responsibility of military units (motorized infantry regiments and brigades). The retractable column created Ltd., which it is incorporated into the tank with the trawl and Engineering – demining branch on APCs with reconnaissance and clearance (Group exploration and mine clearance).

On the day of the nomination of the column, Each military unit in advance send a reconnaissance team to check the route in its area of ​​responsibility. This group included tank with trawl, an engineering department and division to cover 2-3 BMP. Intelligence Group checks its route segment.

With the move, shot from a tank gun, shoot suspicious items (garbage heap, not previously, broken machines, etc.). On route segments, where it is possible to use an opponent controlled bombs, engineers dismount and carefully check the area. After completing the test on your site, military unit reports this to the headquarters of the group. Resolution on the nomination of columns headquarters group gives only after receiving the audit reports of all sections of the route.

In carrying out exploration in the "green zone" must be considered, that the enemy's ability to use anti-tank mines, roadside bombs and anti-personnel fragmentation mines directional, Managed by wire and thread target sensors soar.

At the same time it increases the risk of enemy fire impact on the Group's exploration and mine. Therefore, it may be recommended following construction order of battle (application 2): EGR (trawl with a tank) (1); MRS calculations dogs (2); ZSU-24 (3); BMP-2 group commander for fire damage (4); BMP-2 for air and artillery spotter (5); EGR (BMP) for engineering ammunition (6); trenches rebels (7); WIS commander (8); sapper with explosives and probe (9); engineers with RP-377D devices (10); Sapper Instrument P-299 "Orthopedics" (11); direct outposts (12); engineers with motorized infantry divisions 13); engineering-sapper department (settlements) (14).

Front group moving tank with a trawl or BIS. for nim, at a distance 25 50 m, moving counselors dogs MPC, carefully checking the roadway and the roadside. at a distance 15-20 m from the calculation MPC dogs 6-8 m from the road list lead engineers to P-299 devices or mine detectors. at a distance 8-10 m is exploring the instrument engineer RP-377D. On the right and left of the road, capturing areas of 40-50 m right shoulder (to the left), are two calculations for exploration 3-4 man, equipped with mine detectors and probes. Direct motorized units provide cover on foot. The average clearance rate can reach up to 2 km / h. The platoon commander with one or two experienced sappers moving on the road, directs the actions of subordinates, in readiness for the destruction of mine detection (fugasov).

Upon detection of landmines (fugasa) any number calculation or during landing dogs IFA personnel is alerted set signal. Fitting Position indicated by a red flag. The platoon leader with the most trained sapper close to the installation site mines (fugasa), it carefully examines and sets the task to destroy the sapper or disposal. Group goes under cover of armored vehicles or shelter. before leaving, each number in the calculation of the termination site search outlines the probe on the road symbol (a circle, the first letter of the names, and the like). After the destruction of found mines (fugasa) group accepts the former order of battle and continue to explore and mine clearance area.

All detected mines and bombs destroyed on-site detection of overhead charges of explosives. The explosion of the charges is performed only electrodisplacive.

In exceptional cases, when performing tasks for the disposal of mines (fugasa) deminer carefully check the area within a radius of not less than 1,5 m around detected mines (fugasa), as the enemy often puts next to the anti-mine (FUGAS) anti-personnel mines or contactors. Minesweeper gently removes masking layer arms (using a scraper, needle probe). On examination detected mines (fugasa) its sides are checked for the presence of anti-handling devices or network detonating cord, connecting with other mines (underground mine). After the liberation of the sides of the mines from the ground using the "cat" is made it is slid to the installation site. After removing mines (fugasa) from wells and its disposal in a safe manner, the wells are examined for the presence of additional charge (mines, Explosive and tp).

All operations in the destruction or neutralization of mines (fugasov) carried by one person, and demining group assigned to the shelter.

The main task of the propulsion unit is to create conditions for the smooth troop columns advancing on the specified route, and, in case of need, providing a quick exit of the main forces from the area of ​​possible destruction (rubble, places mining) and rapid reconstruction work. In overcoming the non-explosive debris on traffic routes, stops column. Organized by engineer reconnaissance roadsides and Congresses, until its exit of the machine side of the road is prohibited. The personnel of the dismounts and takes up a defensive perimeter. Engineering units dismantled under cover of motorized infantry blockage, whereupon movement resumes.

When approach for dam, destruction, which can be mined, won, Group exploration and mine dismount. Motorized infantry climb the direction of travel on the road adjacent to the height, away from the dam at the place 200-300 m and organize close protection group demining road. Sappers checked for mining area adjacent to the road. Tanks with trawls are directly explore the carriageway. This is followed by engineers with mine detectors. They are moving on the road, construction having right or left shoulder to the interval between field engineers 1,5-2 m, distance – 10-15 m. In this way, checked all the roadbed including roadside. All detected mines and bombs are designated flags, and then destroyed overhead charges or pulling off to the margins of cats.

The detachment propulsion followed by the main forces of the column. In this technical and logistic support units are distributed throughout the column, alternating with BMP, APCs or tanks. On each machine being circular observation, duty firing means are in readiness for use.

moving artillery "roll" can be provided for fire support march, that allows you to keep under the control of the firing path. To this end, piece of artillery deployed at firing positions in readiness for firing. As the column exit distance artillery fire zone, deployed at firing positions, following artillery unit engaged in combat readiness in order to ensure the promotion of fire columns on the next leg of the route. In this case, you must allocate motorized infantry divisions to protect the firing positions of artillery and support it on the march when returning to the column its formation. In this method can greatly decrease the magnitude of diurnal transition troop formation, but provided constant support it with fire.

In applying bandit tactics "plaque-waste", as well as ambushes device of the route, artillery, to march in marching order, is not able to deploy in a timely manner and cause fire damage gang.

parts (unit), to march, usually, accompanied by helicopter gunships. Cover the column of air and air reconnaissance helicopter gunships carried out in pairs.

The march in the mountains, patrol escort of columns is usually carried out assault aviation.

Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon "Tunguska", Şilka ', BM "Strela-10" put forward under the direct cover of armored vehicles (tank, BMP), department gunners posted on the BMP (BTR) near the battalion commanders (mouth). Part of the ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft units can be installed in the vehicle Ural-4320, and combat crews during the march are placed in an APC near its installations.

The carriages, calculations, SAM offices appointed observers for ground and air enemy, special attention is drawn to the slopes and ridges of heights. ZSU 'Tunguska' («Шил­ка») We must be prepared to fire, and in overcoming particularly dangerous sections of the route includes the hydraulic drive. Exploration of the air enemy on the march, usually, by two attendants ZSU "Tunguska" (Şilka '), and in readiness number 2 It is a branch of MANPADS (ZU-23-2).

In some cases, as directed by the commander of the battalion, installations are concentrated fire on the enemy places of possible location (lesoposadki, bush, structure light type), strong points, firing points, manpower, acting on the vehicle and goals, Do not hit the small arms.

Overtaking a convoy of civilian vehicles is not allowed. Авто­мобили, attempting to overtake column, stop and search.

the column is controlled by signaling, teams and radio dispatching service orders on the adjacent control positions, outposts and posts. Directly to the chief of the column are transferred to the adjacent control points and guard outposts following data: column number, number of cars, columns Head, kind of cargo, loading transport and time of the column from the control center. The movements in the columns to the control point, outpost, road commandant mouth KP, command and control centers and command centers of the compounds are often transferred immediately after the passage of the columns. Information about events and notification of the shelling and the attack of the enemy carried out immediately in all communication channels.

Column movement is carried out only during daylight hours. Night's sleep is organized in specially equipped parking, near outposts and dispatch centers,. The chiefs of the dispatch centers, along with the head of the column organize their protection and defense, attracting forces and means outposts (posts). Close protection and is carried out by means of the column and road traffic control service.

Features of tactics of action units, allocated for
protection and support columns

With the march entire personal composition is continuously monitored in said circular sectors. Guns and machine guns mounted combat vehicles "herringbone", weapon – loaded, inserted into the slits. The personnel of the ready to open fire on the bandits immediately defeat. All fire weapons defined sector for firing. Fire weapons distributed to fire in front of a moving column, left and back. No car because of the failure is not left on the route, if you can not solve the problem, the car is taken in tow (application 3).

patrol squad. It stands out from the head patrol as part of intelligence or motorized infantry branch deminers. In the department 2 hand guns armed UGL.

A task – watching the road, surrounding terrain in order to prevent a sudden attack on the protected column, timely detection ambush bandit groups, determine their composition, weapons and the possible nature of the action, and to identify areas mined roads and terrain, finding ways to avoid them. When the task supports continuous communication with the senior commander (chief).

Patrol squad pushed forward head watch at a distance, providing surveillance of him and fire support. The personnel of the patrol squad is on top technology for the purpose of the circular surveillance and rapid entry into the battle.

Patrol squad advances from jumps from cover to cover, from one convenient place to monitor to another at an increased rate, but without delaying the movement of protected columns. Closed terrain, individual buildings, edge of the forest, entrance to the gorge, where possible the hidden location of the gang and a surprise attack from ambush, as well as the narrow aisles, bridges and other facilities, patrol squad inspect and, if necessary, send foot patrols (2-3 man). Patrol inspection object approaching secretly. Senior sentinel while usually follows behind sentinel ready to support it with fire.

On the way traffic patrol inspect the terrain and local items, paying particular attention to signs, which can detect the ambush. Unable to find criminals, scouts are signaling "All clear" and continue to perform the task.

After inspection of the dangerous section of the column at the approach to a range of visual communication continues moving patrol.

When approaching the dangerous area (where the ability to hide the location of bandits and a surprise attack from ambush) dismounted patrol squad and the two groups on foot patrol (troykami), that, Using the terrain and covering each other alternately (one moved, and two, taking the firing position of natural shelter, cover first, acting from each other at a distance 20 m), moving forward at a distance of 100 m from BTR (BMP), inspecting dangerous area on both sides of the road for the presence of fighters, and imparted to engineers carried by road for mines (fugasov). BTR crew (BMP) monitors and is ready to support the fire on foot patrol.

Upon detection of an ambush on foot patrol («Troika») occupy a firing position and in conjunction with the "troika", advancing on the opposite side of the road, tied with gang fight. Commander sentinel separation reports to the commander or older watch head column, It indicates to the driver (driver-mechanic) sheltered place to stop the car, goal gunner (gunner), commands the employment department firing position under the cover of a smoke. Gunner and grenadier are next to the commander of the department and carry out their tasks. First destroyed by snipers, grenade throwers and machine gunners.

The main task – forge gang activities, do not let her go, ensure the deployment and join the battle head patrol and create the conditions to circumvent the ambush part of the forces in the flank and rear.

Small gang patrol squad destroys its own and continues to perform the task.

During halts and at the location of the column to rest patrol squad occupies an advantageous position, acting as an outpost and, is always ready to repel attack.

head Watch. Is appointed as a part of a motorized infantry platoon, enhanced separation on standard intelligence technique.

In each compartment, two hand guns armed UGL.

A task. Pushed forward column secured at a distance visual communication (up to 2 kilometers), conduct reconnaissance of the route, exclude a sudden attack of bandit groups and ensure the smooth promotion of the column, and the attack – exit from the blow, and the destruction of bandit groups in cooperation with the patrol squad and support group. Parent Patrol must maintain constant communication with helicopters (helicopter) support, what part of the watch should include air controllers or trained soldier.

Reconnaissance patrol is monitoring head, Interviews with local residents. The offices are appointed by the observers for the road and the signals from the patrol squad. Separation of the car in front and to the left there is a direct, expanding the tower to the left, another section to the right and the latter – ago, expanding the tower back, ready to fire. When it is impossible to inspect the area (canyon, defile, roads, forest, locality) a depth of 500 m (effective range of fire from small arms and rocket-propelled grenades), in the direction of movement and to the side flanks can be sent patrol squad. If it is impossible to observe from the car, squad leader dismounted with one or two soldiers and take an advantageous position, or send two or three sentinel.

Upon detection of the locations of bandit groups or ambush patrol commander, the head of the column immediately reported to senior. On receipt of the report of the meeting with the gang, Senior column puts the problem on the map and pushed to the head patrol.

head Watch, dismounted, under the cover of fire patrol squad and fumes, "Three" avoids an ambush in the flank and rear. Using the results of the impact of helicopters, fire support group, BTR (BMP) and small arms, Parent Patrol decisive action in cooperation with the patrol squad destroys ambush.

Intelligence branch in the destruction of the gang continues to explore, detecting the position of bandits, route and directions of their waste, other groups, going to strengthen. The squad leader is constantly inform the commander about the brain watch action movies and found changes in the environment.

Providing a column output from the fire or destroying ambush, Parent Patrol and Support Group took place in the column, and after this check will continue to move in the destination area.

propulsion squad – usually, appointed by the engineering units, and includes an engineering department of engineering reconnaissance and clearance, as well as specially trained dogs.

A task – maintenance engineer reconnaissance of the route and ensure the smooth promotion of the column.

Detachment propulsion follow the lead patrol, conducts engineering reconnaissance of the route and terrain, paying particular attention to the probable locations of steered mines and bombs (trees along the road, piles of garbage on the roadside, pools and wells on the road). Upon detection of such places was originally organized search control line, then sent for additional exploration of specially trained dog and a sapper with the engineering reconnaissance. In the event of a mine or a mine produced their disposal or destruction (by blasting or shooting).

Upon detection of the mined section of road or dam, it costs, and upon detection of detachment unbypassable propulsion doing passage.

Support Group – designed for fire support brain patrol actions. Is appointed as a part of the calculation of the mortar, Branch of the AGS-17, calculating the ZU-23-2 on the car (or other heavy weapons).

A task. Advancing front column secured at a distance visual communication (up to 2 kilometers), ready to turn on the fire positions and support the action of the head fire watch. Artillery spotter and all officials (to squad) You should be aware of the planned artillery fires on the route extension and be able to call and adjust fire.

From Outset battle group under the cover of fire patrol squad and head patrol at high speed extends to the ambush. After taking up firing positions for the battle order of patrol squad and patrol head (depending on the situation), – causing fire damage bandit group (ambush), ensuring its blocking and destruction.

Side gate hiking. Assigned to the exclusion of a sudden attack from the flanks to the column. Composition – motorized rifle compartment standard techniques. Zastava should be protected at the head of the column level at a distance of visual communication and support fire.

The department two riflemen armed with assault rifles with grenade launcher.

Side gate hiking when meeting bandit (ambush) dismounts, It takes a firing position, fire binds the actions of bandits, It enables deployment brain Watch (part of the forces) to block and destroy the gang (ambush). Before the strike helicopters, separation terrestrial signal indicates the position of the cartridges, a squad leader signal flares in the direction of the target gives targeting.

Separation of physical security (motorized rifle compartment BTR, BMP, or a specially equipped car). The department two riflemen armed with assault rifles with grenade launcher.

A task – the shelling of the small arms and rocket-propelled grenades cars, in the following column, identified suppress firing points and ensure the smooth advancement of the column.

While driving, personnel department monitors ready to dismount, engage in the firing position and repel attacks. machines – on guard, the shops – attached, cartridge in the chamber – shall be sent not.

In blocking, (destruction) head patrol ambush (gang) column continues to move or, depending on the situation, stops. Close protection, to strengthen supervision of the column and is ready to repel attack.

In the event of an attack on a convoy of the gang, personnel of the physical security puts a smokescreen to cover up the column and fire defeats the attackers. cars leaving on roadside limited, because they can be mined.

Column, coming out of the fire, stops. Senior column drivers and forces older vehicles organizes its outposts. Providing a column output from the fire or destroying forwards, Saving takes place in the column and after this check continues to move in the destination area.

the column circuit – MTO-AT (ICC with repair kit), tractor (with arrangements for towing) and ambulance.

A task. Current repairs on halts (duration up to 3 persons / h) and towing faulty equipment, first aid and evacuation (patients).

The failed car towing vehicle towed to the nearest halt, where the machines by the crew, technical assistance under renovation. If you can not solve the problem, the car towed to the destination area. Damaged in the attack technique also towed in the destination area. Faulty technique with material means do not leave on the route. If it is impossible towing, the car is left in place, and tangible assets are transferred to other machines.

Paramedic assists wounded and arrange for their evacuation.

Tыlynaya pohodnaya stands. If necessary, appointed as part of a motorized infantry branch on a regular technique. Rear camp outpost follows guarded convoy at a distance, providing visual communication and support fire. The department two riflemen armed with assault rifles with grenade launcher.

A task – to prevent a surprise attack on a convoy of bandit groups from the rear.

Rear camp outpost in an attack gang (ambush) rear dismounts, It takes a firing position, It binds fire actions of bandits and ensure deployment of the escort to block and destroy the gang (ambush).

Actions of cruising at overcoming column
dangerous sections of the route
Human settlements in the column movement cost. When it is impossible to bypass the village, made his intelligence on the presence of ambushes. Inspection begins with its suburbs. The commander of the patrol squad stops the machine in a sheltered spot and inspects town from a distance with the use of technical means of intelligence (binoculars, Rangefinder et al.). Particular attention is drawn to the roofs of buildings, trees, thicket on the outskirts of the village and other places, which can be located ambush. Not finding ambush, department quickly pushed to the outskirts of the village, examines the next structure, and then passes through the town on one of its streets, We are ready for immediate opening fire. After verification of the village, commanding sentinel separation can exhibit two or three observers optical devices and communication devices in buildings, on the roofs of houses in different places along the route of the column movement for the purpose of opening the actions of bandit groups and their approach and the timely notification of the main forces. After passage through the column location observers located in a predetermined place, where cars are matched rear patrol and continue to carry out reconnaissance in their composition.

Upon detection of an ambush, patrol squad occupies advantageous line, It enables the deployment of the head patrol and bypassing the column of the village.

The head part of the patrol force comes to the direction of possible gang maneuver to block its action, It takes position and provides a tour of the village column.

Support Group took up firing positions in readiness to support the actions of the head fire watch.

When blocking column inhabitants, Saving binds civilian actions and attempts to pass on the route, at the same time is looking for ways to circumvent. When present, the column, without coming into contact with residents, bypasses the dangerous area.

When the column approach woods, sentinel compartment defines dangerous areas and carries out their inspection. Movement to a dangerous separation section performs jumps from one convenient for observation location to another with increased speed. At impossibility of covert surveillance of the car squad leader sends two to three sentinel. The remaining staff is monitoring the surrounding terrain and the actions of the sentinel, ready to support them with fire.

In the forest, the movement takes place, usually, on the way to, trope or averages. Especially carefully inspected the forest edge, clearing, inputs in gullies, Dell and their exits, road fork, jungle, pond, bridges and other places, where possible the hidden location of the bandit groups and their sudden ambush. On the opposite edge of the forest (out of the woods) inspected ahead of lying area. When, If the patrol squad on the closed areas will suddenly fired or detect an ambush, it immediately dismounts and enters the fray. The head part of the patrol forces pushed the flank and rear ambush on neprosmatrivaemye forest areas, stamp, Average. The support group has an advantageous firing position and fire supports the actions of the head patrol.

In overcoming the pass, patrol separation progresses along the road and has exploration by sequential inspection command heights and observing them with (exploration of the commanding heights of the two groups can be carried out on foot patrol (2-3 pers.). The remaining staff is monitoring the surrounding terrain and the actions of sentinel ready to support them with fire.

If advance, before driving at altitudes, adjacent to a halt, exposed outpost (posts) or NP (secrets), patrol squad, received signal "All clear", strengthen supervision and continues.

When an attack is detected gang or ambush, patrol squad occupies an advantageous position, using the protective properties of terrain, fire binds its actions and provides deployment and join the fight cerebral Watch.

Under favorable conditions, the situation, Watch the head part of the forces avoids an ambush on the reverse slopes of heights, stamp, blocks it from the flank and rear. Using the results of fire damage, Saving decisive actions from different directions completes its destruction.

head Watch, Using actions patrol squad, Occupying a prime position, fire fighting vehicles and small arms bandit group inflicts damage and allows the passage of the column.

The support group has an advantageous firing position and fire supports the actions of the head patrol.

When driving in the mountains, overcoming the gorges for the exploration of the route involved helicopter support.

Patrol squad exploration roads, ridges and valleys on the route extension leads through consistent inspection of the commanding heights and surveillance are.

A haven of roads, trope, canyons and other areas of possible hidden location of bandit groups in the side of the direction of movement, Watch sent from the brain side camp outpost (sentinel foot compartment or sentinel). Upon detection of an ambush side camp outpost (sentinel foot compartment or sentinel) binds its actions and allows the passage of the column.

In mountainous areas and areas difficult terrain reconnaissance is conducted on foot patrol, prosperous mountain equipment and trained technicians to overcome obstacles.

Actions of personnel in the course of movement of motor
columns in the attack

In the event of an attack of small bandit groups (to 10 pers.) to the column drivers ambush, without stopping the machine, remove them from the affected area. Check on the sidelines is not recommended, since they can be mined. The personnel of the physical security of military vehicles landed, It puts a smokescreen to cover up the column and fire defeats the attackers. Armored personnel carriers and anti-aircraft fire from their positions support the fight guard units. The rest of the staff hard watching in readiness for an attack from any direction. At the same time on the radio reported the attack to the CDP, nearest outpost, The nearest part of the KP, at checkpoints, Call the helicopter to conduct reconnaissance in order to avoid approaching the convoy of other gangs.

If the enemy forces far superior to the composition of physical security, and he is trying to encircle and destroy the column, all personnel of the proceeds to the all-round defense and, continuing to firmly hold their positions, inflicts defeat. Called aviation and artillery fire. Air controllers provides guidance covering the aviation position, with which the column is subjected to bombardment.

After defeating the enemy, conducts engineering reconnaissance, reconnaissance of the route, Eliminates the effects of the attacks and the movement continues.

Security of communications and support columns

Security of communications and support columns can be organized by exhibiting along communications outposts, secrets combined with patrols in some areas moving curfew patrol posts in the divisions – platoon in armored vehicles in cooperation with combat helicopters. On the most likely routes of approach of the armed forces it is advisable to install minefields, arrange and produce the rubble of destruction .

Protection route outpost and road traffic control service is expedient to organize on the main roads, in which the main flow of military and national economic goods. On other roads to ensure traffic safety can be assigned to a unit composed of a motorized infantry platoon, which is distributed throughout the column. It is also advisable to put the most dangerous sections of outpost, which are removed after the passage of the columns of these sites. Outpost must be exposed in the most dangerous places (in the gorges, passes on, streamers, in "green zone" et al.), creating favorable conditions for the commission of acts of sabotage and attacks by armed groups on the column. Outpost in the platoon, usually worse 1-2 grenade launchers AGS-17, 1-2 heavy machine guns, "Utes", tank, 1-2 calculations flamethrower. At each outpost (office) it is advisable to appoint duty forces and assets, which are in constant readiness for disembarkation on the scene of the attack on the convoy or sabotage.

Outpost in the occupied turn prepare basic positions, which are equipped with trenches and shelters. If time permits, and reserve positions are created, are assigned closer to one of the flanks escort strip or the rear.

The gaps between the positions outposts and dangerous areas should be under constant supervision and are covered with artillery fire, other firepower, as well as the obstacles. By order of the commander of the outpost between organized patrols, and the front and sides of the outposts can be sent outposts, and on concealed approaches – secrets.

For reconnaissance ahead of the front and on the flanks of organized surveillance. On the likely routes of enemy movement arranged the fence.

Outpost in the mountains equips position, usually, on commanding heights, passes, road junctions, in the canyons, ravines and on other important areas of terrain. The positions are selected places, excluding the possibility of landslides, landslides and floods, It also takes into account the need for multilevel enemy flank, cross and dagger fire. For this purpose, the firing means are arranged so, that there was a fire and provide a link between the Perimeter, and firing at maximum range.

In the forest outpost intercepts, usually, way, one or two cuttings or accessible to the enemy's actions defile between the lakes and marshes. Position selected the front edge of the wood or relates to the depth. In the latter case, the units are clearing it to improve conditions for observation and firing, Creates a protective strip, water supply, prepare fire-fighting equipment is cleaned and dry wood from fallen trees and dead wood. Battle formation at the same time is constructed in such a way, to all areas, which may advance of the enemy, the defenders were under fire. Forest projections can be used to organize a flanking or crossfire.

Emplacements are equipped with on-site, providing firing at maximum range not only to the front, but also in the side flanks.

Being a member of outpost, company (platoon) It has the following problem:

– the timely detection of the enemy, warning of his arrival;

– timely detection and destruction of reconnaissance and sabotage groups, fire means the IAF on the outskirts of the protected areas;

– prevention of mining roads NVF, bridges, tunnels and to objects;

– elimination of illegal armed groups in their attacks on the protected unit.

On receipt of the problem on the action as part of outpost, subunit carries a set of measures to prepare for a combat mission. In this feature of the work is, the need to more carefully organize the interaction with the commanders of attached and supporting units, as well as between the outpost and divisions, leading exploration.

Most of the organizations activities in patrol squad (зас­таве) carried out on the ground. After understanding the problem and the decision unit commander discreetly displays a specified line, organizes the supervision and Saving, reconnoiter, clarifies decision, giving combat orders and organizes the activity of said boundary.

When setting targets, the battalion commander (company) points:

a) storozhevыm stand – means of strengthening, escort strip, position and the degree of their engineering equipment, where to put outposts, patrol and secrets, line to which the conduct exploration, and procedures for repelling enemy attacks;

b) reserve – location area, what kind of actions to be ready;

at) artillery units – firing positions and objectives in support of combat outposts;

g) anti-aircraft units – emplacements, за­дачу, time and availability, and mechanized infantry units – order of firing at air targets.

For the organization of actions in the outposts following additional documents are developed: extract from the order to the commander of the organization outpost; battalion commander of a decision on action outposts, developed on the map with an explanatory note; battalion commander ordered the actions in the outposts; Watchdog circuit escort battalion; calculation of forces and means, allocated to the outpost tasks; communication scheme of call table; and control signals Table; war diary.

On receipt of the task watchdog gates commander displays on said division line, organizes observation, appoints landmarks, clearly visible at night, reconnoiter, gives a combat order, It establishes a system of fire, interaction, management, engineering equipment position, Gate circuit is the watchdog, area targets.

Organizing interaction firing means gates, It determines the order of the commander on duty at checkpoints, actions during the attack of the enemy, control signals, warning, interactions and procedures on them.

While on duty at the outpost units are located discreetly, nothing without revealing himself, military movement, as outposts position, and beyond are carried out necessarily in mutual covering fire.

assigned daily outfit for duty at the outpost: one observer at the position of each division and doubles patrol.

For early detection of an illegal armed group and it alerts on the outskirts of the hidden secrets exposed or remote outposts. exit routes for these posts are equipped with shelters, ensuring the safety of personnel, the convenience of fire and fire support outpost. observers, Secrets and patrol between them have a visual connection. At night and during the day when visibility is poor for duty at the outposts are attracted not less than 2/3 personnel.

Positions outposts preparing circular defense. To repel attacks NVF platoons are assigned fire strips and additional fire sector, Lots concentrated fire, fire weapons – spare firing positions. The positions are equipped in engineering terms and are improved in view of the terrain and length of service. Personnel trench full profile, blindaji, shelters for ammunition, Food and Water, equipped with storage space weapons. to BMP (BTR), Tanks are equipped with primary and alternate positions in such a way, to their fire covers the entire area in front of the front unit, on the closed portions of the observation are set minefields with signaling min. Around the position established by minefields and booby signal, on the distant approaches set signal-personnel mines and anti-personnel mines in the stretch.

Pass and entry to the outpost at night mined. Border posts and outpost outposts designated pointers indicating the order of Conduct. Strong point guard gates can be equipped for 4-8 hours in the presence of TZM (BTU) in the volume of the first stage and 96 hours in full.

stocks of ammunition are created on each outpost to 5 боекомп­лектов, food, water, Fuel and fuel, Besides, the required signaling and lighting tools.

For management, except for standard means of communication, created additional reserves radios, phone and cable.

When detected in the protected band of suspects, outpost commander takes measures to arrest them. In the provision of armed resistance or attacks on the outpost immediately opens fire, and to repel the attack on the column are sent on duty forces and assets.

In all cases, while on duty as part outpost outposts for identification and exploration of its troops every day (and experience in the Chechen Republic and the 12 hours) set pass and review. Skipping serves arms name and military equipment, recall – the name of the village, beginning with the same letter, that pass. However, this procedure skip destination has not proved helpful during disarming IAF, so how fast the enemy was revealed. Therefore, it became necessary to appoint a coded admission and withdrawal. for example: they are of, It adds up to a third set number (5+8=13, 9+4=14). Skipping reported orally to all members of escort and intelligence, and review – commanders of outposts and intelligence units, as well as persons, that are sent to the transmission of oral orders.

Skipping is asked of all persons, passing through the line and escort following on location at night, Review in persons, peredayushtih Fairy commander, to ensure empowerment Messenger, and unit commanders, leading exploration, for mutual recognition.

In addition liens, on the routes may be serving the mobile patrol commandant positions in armored personnel carriers. During the patrol, they are expensive exploration and adjoining areas through observation and interviews with local residents.

Combat experience shows, that the procedure for issuing outposts (posts) in some cases, depending on the local conditions and the operational situation may be different. So, eg, to the beginning of the movement of the column in the most threatened parts of the route it is advisable to put at least three outposts (posts) by infantry units, reinforced with artillery. With the arrival of the column in the region of the second gates (Posts), next gate is released from the column, which at high speed goes ahead before the column and is deployed in the next section of the route for the endangered third outpost, etc.. After passing the column district outpost (Posts), it coagulates and continues to move in the tail total column. The distance between outposts (posts) should overlap with artillery fire and be no more than 3-5 km.

When the march approached the military column to the outpost you must notify the chief outpost of the composition passing column.

Settlements, bridges, "Zelenka", usually, overcome at maximum speed, to avoid the danger of combat vehicles and other vehicles from rocket-propelled grenade. Columns of the main forces, depending on the environment conditions, may have a different construction on each route, but they are built in any case, given the rapid deployment units in order of battle, and their entry into the battle. The personnel of the airborne combat vehicles at the same time it is advisable to place the top, rather than inside them. military equipment housings further necessary to close the boxes with sand to ensure greater security against antitank grenades and antitank guided missiles.

In the case of the destruction of sections of roads, bridges, debris device, Commander takes measures for the exploration of ways detours, and in blocking the locals of the column must be cruising to hold down the action of the civilian population, demonstration attempts to pass route, send forward the exploration for and finding ways to circumvent, without coming into contact with the residents get around the dangerous area. In the cruising appointed another (backing) subdivision, which bypasses the column and starts the previous escort tasks.

In this way, in order to avoid attacks by militants in the columns of federal troops, the principal is: roadblocks nomination (pledges) route string motion near places, convenient for ambushes; column by passing the gorge – occupation commanding heights; organization of efficient interaction with the commanders of the basic centers, in the zones of responsibility of which the route passes the column movement; constant exploration of the enemy columns near the route of movement; engineer reconnaissance of the route; a permanent cover for the column of air.

FEATURES combat support during the commission MARCH IN THE MEETING WITH gangs

Features of the organization and reconnaissance

Intelligence Doing in a conflict zone is precautionary in opening intentions of armed groups. Experience has shown, that in situations of armed conflict, the use of the intelligence services of a number of features. Such mobile intelligence agencies, as a reconnaissance unit, reconnaissance patrols obtained amplification means (tanks, artillery, engineering and demining units), they operate at a distance, allowing them to provide fire support, ie, not more than 1-2 km from its troops. During the internal armed conflict is conducted Branch, агентур­ная, RXB, Radio and radiotehnicheskaya, артилле­рийская, engineering exploration. In order to ensure the completeness and confirmation of intelligence information organized interaction with the controls intelligence service arms, of the Armed Forces, attracted by the ministries and departments.

To conduct reconnaissance of the military formations of intelligence agencies may be appointed: reconnaissance units, reconnaissance patrols, intelligence group, подраз­деления (groups) for search (raid), ambushes device, reconnaissance, Inspection group, observation posts and some observers.

You must strive to, to information, obtained on the illegal armed groups in the area of ​​armed conflict, had double (triple) confirmation from different sources of information.

Reconnaissance accompanying columns conducted in order to eliminate the surprise attack on them from the gangs and ensure their unhindered movement. The task of intelligence will be: the establishment of the state of roads, bridges, crossings on traffic routes, bypass routes in the event of their destruction; establishing the ambush devices, sabotage and mining.

Protivozasadnyh to conduct operations in areas of crossings over water obstacles, road junctions, fashion shows can be sent reconnaissance teams in armored vehicles or helicopters.

When placing checkpoints enemy intelligence under surveillance, wiretap and by inspecting a passing vehicle.

Aerial reconnaissance area by helicopter – exploration views, consisting in an aerial survey by helicopter and visual inspection from the air district upcoming troop actions and areas for further deployment of the IAF ground reconnaissance results. Height, Army Aviation helicopters flying speed, their mobility allows a detailed aerial reconnaissance, personally involved in the conduct of intelligence commanders, reduce the time taken to intelligence. Aerial reconnaissance helicopters carried out to a depth of 20-40 km and more, and in the exploration route the march his troops – to 150-200 km.

Depending on the situation,, for aerial reconnaissance can be allocated to two helicopters. In this case, the intelligence group for the task of conducting surveillance on the leading helicopter, intelligence support team performs a task on the slave helicopter, It is intended for fire support in the event of fire fighters helicopters, assist the observation group. The groups may be assigned up to 4 Heavies each, observers. In addition to the helicopter must be rocket-propelled grenade, AGS-17 and other weapons to increase firepower in case of an emergency landing of a helicopter in the area of ​​militancy.

radio- and electronic reconnaissance (P and RTR) – conducted with the objectives of the detection work, recording radio programs and positioning working VHF and HF radios enemy, as well as relay stations in the communication system of the armed group. In the presence of the enemy being different radar electronic reconnaissance.

According to the experience of fighting in Chechnya, basic way of reference, and P is the PTP radio interception, for direction finding is performed on certain days of the deployment of units of P and RTR on a scheduled basis to a massive search and direction finding of radio electronic facilities operating (RES) the enemy. In this work certain days of his REF is minimized. Thus, when conducting such a massive search for radio control D. Dudayev was discovered.

Artillery reconnaissance conducted optical forces, sound, radar, ELINT, as well as the crews of helicopters. The objectives of the survey in detecting and determining the coordinates of shooting guns, mortars, RSZO, tanks and anti-tank weapons, control points; determining the location and nature of the strong points of equipment, resistance points, appointed to defeat artillery. Experience has shown, depth, which focus efforts artillery reconnaissance forces and assets, It varies between 3 to 5 km.

Engineer reconnaissance is conducted independently, and as part of other types of intelligence agencies with the task of obtaining intelligence information about the engineering support of the armed forces actions, nature of the terrain (especially its cross), protective properties, state hydro- and irrigation facilities, detection of minefields, as well as the availability and status of underground structures.

As the experience of reconnaissance, untraditional methods, namely undercover, Chief of Intelligence creates a network of agents (well-wishers). For this purpose, he selects from the local community of people ready for ideological, religious or other reasons,, and material interest to provide information about the presence, part of, arming, order the armed forces actions (irregular forces) in the division's area of ​​responsibility (shelf.). The data obtained by HUMINT sources deemed questionable and require confirmation by other intelligence agencies.

Before driving intelligence chief of summarizes all received intelligence information, report to their division commander (a shelf), and informs management division (a shelf). for 10-15 minutes before the start of the main forces of the column and the convoy, scouting party (RO), reconnaissance patrol (RD) begin to move along the route. This is followed by a detachment of propulsion (Ltd.), Ltd. for moving bodies cruising. At the appointed time pass the starting line (paragraph) and proceed to conduct exploration. removal of PO (RD) by main force, the experience of fighting in the Republic of Afghanistan, no more 800-1000 m, This is due to the ability to provide fire assistance leading the fight RO (RD). Driving route reconnaissance, RO (RD) He pays attention to the narrows, gorges, adjacent to the roadway afforestation in order to detect the ambush, subversive groups, mined areas. If necessary,, commander RO (RD) can stop the movement, rush of the personnel of the viewing area under cover of armored fire, caused him suspicion of the presence there of the enemy. In the case of meeting with the enemy or when the enemy will open fire on PO (RD), commander RO (RD) immediately report to a meeting with the commander of the enemy columns and taking measures for its destruction. Destruction of the enemy can be to defeat armored vehicles and fire his submachine, not speshennыh techniques. Under favorable conditions, personnel PO (RD) dismount and fight on the terrain destroy the enemy. In all cases, the commander of the PO (RD) causing fire artillery, aviation and, visually observing the battlefield, corrects their fire. Fight conducted until complete destruction of the enemy or capture. In the case of withdrawal or withdrawal of the enemy from the battlefield, commander RO (RD) It is taking all measures to frustrate this maneuver. When approaching the enemy gain, commander RO (RD), leading his exploration, He continued to fight until the main forces.

With the arrival of the column in its transmission area to another shelf, or final destination, team commander of the convoy RA (RD) stops reconnaissance. When returning to the regiment reconnaissance conducted in the interests of the movement of the convoy forces.

masking features

The main tasks of tactical camouflage in the preparation and in the course of the march are: ensuring secrecy of its actions and the introduction of illegal armed groups in misleading.

Key measures to ensure secrecy:
– march Planning narrow circle of persons; staging combat missions direct personal contact officers, it does not permit someone's presence;

– prohibition of any telephone and radio, including by ZAS guaranteed durability;

– use masking terrain features, night time and low visibility (the use of smoke);

– active electronic countermeasures transmitting all means at their outlet on the air, both by illegal armed groups of insurgents, and his troops;

– perform engineering activities camouflage troops and facilities;

– periodic change card encoding, change of call signs and radio frequencies.

In order to mislead the gangs are taking steps to deception, created false radio and radionapravleniya involving work directly in their commanders and staff officers.

Conducted misinformation enemy, eg, false statement of combat missions in plain text on the radio (if problems already set previously).

Planning and implementation of demonstrative actions: demonstration of false intentions on the nature and direction of upcoming activities; actions helicopters two groups – distraction and shock; demonstrative departure leaving a hidden gun emplacements.

FEATURES OF ARMY AVIATION AND
ARTILLERY accompanying COLUMN

Features of the application of Army Aviation

Experience in the use of aviation in the armed conflict in the North Caucasus, as well as in other conflicts, It confirmed the need for the presence in the group of forces acting well functioning control systems and operational aviation, special, tactical.

Significantly increased the number of special tasks. This places special demands on the creation of the aviation group to conduct combat operations in local wars and armed conflicts.

As the analysis of combat operations, the main features are the use of aviation:

– high demand for air support;

– the need for preemptive firing strokes;

– high efficiency of action to call in the conduct of our troops raid actions and accompanying columns of our troops on the march.

Widely used in Afghanistan and Chechnya received reconnaissance and strike action units of Army Aviation. To this end, the organization fighting helicopters, combat formations were formed from groups of different tactical. Such groups operate independently or in conjunction with, attack aircraft groups. When the actions of such groups to achieve a high efficiency of air operations.

Regarding this, should be considered, that the reconnaissance and strike action Aviation in modern wars and armed conflicts constitute the main content of their operational use in combat and operations.

In the application of the Army Aviation revealed the need to conduct day-night fighting.

A wide variety of combat missions, high-intensity combat operations in close coordination with the troops day and night determines the high demand for a broad application of combat army aviation as a permanent component of their air combat orders.

However, in the combat use of military aircraft identified a number of problems.

A serious problem was and still is a problem of clear coordination between aviation and the troops, especially in matters of mutual security and air forces in the conduct of joint military operations.

The main trend in the improvement of the army aviation management system – its automation, and, first of all, tactical.

Wherein, Firstly, You need to automate processes call aviation, prompting her to set goals, mutual recognition and targeting troops and aircraft.

Maintain visual reconnaissance columns nomination routes in the fighting with the HBP is aligned with the air cover of advancing troops. On each route during daylight hours operated a pair of Mi-24 helicopters with the change in the air. At the airport in readiness number 2 It contained a pair of Mi-24 helicopters to strengthen.

Besides, on the ground-based ready-to-action on the call were the Mi-8 helicopters for search and rescue support, I-8 and I-6 (26) for the transport of troops and supplies, Mi-8 to carry out sanitation problems and Mi-24 transport helicopters to cover.

Firing tasks during the operation performed Mi-24 using rocket and small arms and cannon, as a rule, groups (by 2-4 helicopter). Bomb armament was not used due to adverse weather conditions. Martial problems were solved in the main action "on call" aviation troop commanders

Leading groups of helicopters (aircraft) while approaching the area of ​​hostilities established contacts with GBU combined arms formations and their team with the specified aircraft gunner.

Aircraft gunners suggest helicopters (aircraft) goals, pointing them to a course and distance (time) ishodnogo oriented fields, determined by the combined arms commander (division commander, Brigade, a shelf, battalion), taking into account the safety of helicopter operations (aircraft) over the battle formations of troops.

Currently, radio contact with the helicopter crew (aircraft) forward air (GBU) carried out via radio (P 85Z), operating in the UHF band in plain text, that allows you to hear the enemy give commands and to take measures to exit from the blow.

Recently, GBU and forward air were equipped rechemaskiratorami, allowing to carry out a closed relationship with the crews of helicopters (aircraft).

In the future will be equipped with forward air laser rangefinders, and in the future – and means, provide laser illumination purposes.

It continues to be the weak point of interaction with the air forces. Suffice it to recall the event of air strikes on his forces, which took place during the conflict in the Chechen Republic 1995 year.

So, eg, near the village of Avtury due to late designation of motorized infantry battalion of its front edge link helicopters blow to his troops, in wounding 5 human.

In some cases, untimely and not fully solved the issues of interaction with the air forces and now.

Is not always sufficient quality issues practiced between aviation and the troops of the combined arms commanders, is the organizer of combined arms combat.

The important role of aircraft in combat and operations, as a multipurpose highly maneuverable and highly effective means of combat, It identifies the need for its further development and a set of measures to further improve the efficiency of its combat use, taking into account all factors, that influence it.

An important place in improving the efficiency of combat employment of aviation in combat troops is improving the quality of vocational training combined arms commanders.

In order to obstruct enemy fire exposure on the transport support column carried patrol car columns army aviation.

On the task involved link (couple) helicopters. During the preparation and the organization of interaction with the commanders of helicopters need to know:

1. Route movement of the column, place outposts location, roadblocks, determined site in case of emergency landings, clarifies the composition and number of columns, number of pieces of equipment therein, callsigns leading and trailing, and the frequency and control channels, interference signals and identification.

2. Start Time column movement is transmitted to the aircraft manual, there is commanded to take off a pair of helicopters and their exit in the area of ​​the beginning of movement to accompany.

After the occupation of the zone duty leading helicopter group establishes a relationship with an older column (aircraft gunner) on the radio and report the matter to the aircraft manual, there is commanded to take off a pair of helicopters and their exit in the area of ​​the beginning of movement to accompany.

helicopter crews conduct inspection area, flying along the column at a rate 120-200 km / h, altitude flight over the flat terrain 50-200 m, in the mountain – on minimum safety. The height of the leading group selected tactically, but shall not be less secure.

Exploration road leads leading pair ahead 5-8 km and away from the road 3-5 km, slave covers it away 500-800 m in excess of 50-100 m.

3. Upon detection of an enemy or an attack on a convoy of the attack is carried out only by air controllers team and stable two-way radio with him. Before the attack is necessary to pinpoint (mark) location of its troops and the enemy. Sunset for the attack is carried out only along the column.

4. In the case of fire, aircraft gunner reports leading pair of unexposed and directs helicopters on target, pointing direction and proposed deletion enemy firing points. leading group, find a place of enemy fire, selects the type of weapon, firing range, It deals him a blow with the use of air weapons. Effective range of fire NAR C-8 - 1200-1500 m, a machine gun (gun) – 800-1000 m.

5. When accompanied by a string it must be remembered, that the team from the ground to perform attacks always require clarification, as the eldest of the column does not always see, where exactly the shelling made. He can only give the area, and leading, assessing the situation, It detects the target and distributes them to the group attack.

6. Call artillery fire after air controllers immediately reported to the commander of helicopters link.

7. Change helicopters consistent and performed by a team from the aircraft manual.

In this way, precise organization of interaction of combined arms commander with the Army Aviation will be the key to the successful implementation of the task units on the march.

Features of the use of artillery

Analysis combat experience, acquired by our artillery during combat operations in various military conflicts of the last decades, allowed to develop a number of new methods of fire destruction of enemy units, arranged in a large area - "fire bag", "Fire gripe"; exceptions in the interests of countering enemy while moving our troops on the routes, passing through its territory – fire "corridors", fire "combing"; with the defeat of group objects, consisting of heterogeneous and different vulnerability of individual goals - "layer cake".

Fire support march (displacement) forces planned and carried out to ensure the smooth movement of the columns. For this traffic route is divided into sections of a length less than the maximum range of artillery fire, providing march.

For each section of the route are assigned artillery units (1-2 batteries) fire support for the march, defined areas of their firing positions. Along the travel route of probable locations of bandit groups planned concentrated fire (fire on a single goal), on the directions of possible attacks – barrage (chopping) Fire, suspicious terrain – fire combing. When carrying out the tasks of fire destruction of the enemy has found wide use this kind of fire, like fire combing (shrubs and forest belts) before the front action of combined arms units using the most effective ways to defeat (Ricochet shooting, shooting rockets with time and fuze).

Fire opens with the discovery of the militants and carried up to the task fugitive or methodical fire with ammunition, ensuring the most effective management of its. As the column exit distance artillery fire zone, It plans to deploy other artillery units in readiness to perform fire missions for the next leg of the route. Artillery movement is rifts. Besides, of the tools (tanks, BMP, PTS) It can take OP in the commanding heights in readiness for direct fire. Fire main group of artillery opened only when necessary, when the enemy continued resistance.

Burn bordering represents a set of lumped (barrage) lights and lights on individual goals artillery indirect fire in conjunction with fire means of direct fire on the likely direction of enemy action in front of the front edge, on the flanks and in the rear of our troops (Cover your object around). It is held to guard against possible attacks of the enemy base areas, positions and other important sites of our troops. Fire opens with the discovery of the enemy and being a fugitive (methodological) fire up the reflection of his attack. Continuous fire bordering requires a considerable amount of artillery and ammunition consumption. It opens fire at the time of detection of the enemy and carried out a cursory or methodical fire to the task (the set time).

Fire blocking represents a set of lumped (barrage) lights and lights on individual goals for the rear boundary and on the flanks of the attack object, conducted to isolate militias in certain areas, except for their flexibility, approach of its reserves. Fire opens with the discovery of the maneuver (approach reserves) militants and conducted a cursory (methodological) fire until the termination of his movement. So, in the battle for mastery of Argun was created by a group of artillery fire for blocking of five divisions. The fire must be opened at the time of detection of the militants and conducted a cursory or methodical fire to the task.

Burn carding system is focused lights (firing line), successively transported on the possible location area of ​​the enemy, held to displace gangs from areas threatened regions, their dispersal and exclusion organized resistance. It is carried out according to the rules JI (single POgZ), boundaries outlined by 200-400 (150-200) m. Concentrated fire is planned for likely locations of enemy location (heights, forest glades…). At every turn of firing lots or runaway fire volleys. Transfer is carried out by a team of fire artillery chief.

for shooting settings are made on the basis of full (condensed) preparation and the ability to check the combat shots basic tools battery. Width portion barrage during firing combing, Augmentation and blocking can be assigned to a maximum of 100 m per gun. Fact defeats the purpose of a cease-fire, abandonment of position or scattering the enemy.

counterbattery (kontrorudiynaya) wrestling. Existing technical intelligence means (AZK, ARC) detect battery (guns) the enemy only with the beginning of the fire activity. Serious difficulties in carrying out this task is the use of enemy tactics nomadic batteries (ору­дий). Timely and accurate data can be obtained from aerial reconnaissance. To solve this problem can be assigned in the division – duty battery, artillery group – duty division, sometimes created counter-battery artillery groups fight. In the absence of data on batteries (instruments) enemy fire can spend combing. To combat the nomadic guns firing on possible areas of OP (usually the crossroads, individual houses, forest edges, etc.).

Direct fire is used in cases of inability to perform a fire mission in other ways, because of the big guns of vulnerability. Performs the task of firing gun, generating with each position no more 2-3 shots, then goes into hiding. In some cases, a half-leveling. The use of anti-tank battle lie in the village are not always effective, sometimes impossible. ATRA is sometimes attracted to defeat snipers.

Combat experience showed, that to improve the maneuverability of the 82-mm mortars were installed in the body of the car and surrounded with sandbags. Mortar batteries intensified ZU-23-2. Gas-66 platoons control replaced armored vehicles. Mortar batteries used platoons. To protect the artillery OP involved Groops.

AT 1998 year issued new rules of fire control and artillery fire, part 1 (Psiu-98), which has developed a new chapter "Features of the shooting and fire control when performing fire missions in internal armed conflicts". Prepared for publishing a new textbook "The tactics of artillery", which has a head, dedicated application in local artillery wars and armed conflicts.

artillery when performing special tasks may be called upon to support units, involved:

– accompanied by motorcades;

– to provide a way out of the war zone as a result of attacks on truck convoys;

– to provide a way out of the war zone as a result of attacks on truck convoys;

– in solving other special tasks.

Call artillery fire by the decision of the chief of the column through an artillery spotter with a simultaneous presentation at control towers, outpost, CBU connections, parts of KP in their areas of immediate responsibility and CDP.

In each case, the firing order of the problem, way to attack targets and consumption of ammunition for them is determined, based on the environment conditions.

At the same time, head of the column, together with an artillery spotter in the selection of planned targets and call for fire unplanned targets should know, that the boundaries of the safe disposal of their shells break up:

– for unsheeted units – 500 m;

– For shelter units (in the trenches and BTR) – 300 m;

– by rocket artillery shells – 1000 m.

Spotter must have the appropriate equipment, easy-to-work (radio communication channel with a closed, coded map, rangefinder and periscope).

In this way, experience fighting in armed conflict revealed, that for successful artillery action at support columns, Firstly, must be timely and accurately meet the requirements of the existing field manuals, manuals, instructed, instructions.

Features of the organization and management of radiation, chemical
and biological protection

radiation, chemical and biological protection of troops in an internal armed conflict, the march troop columns organized to minimize the loss of troops and ensure the implementation of the tasks to them in terms of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, increase their protection from high-precision weapons and other weapons.

So, the use of aerosol means of masking the following tasks: provide camouflage troops during the nomination, hover crossings, road repairs (device passes) under fire enemy action; carry dazzling fire weapons during the maneuver divisions, evacuation of injured or damaged equipment; provide camouflage troops and facilities in the performance of units of combat missions.

These tasks are performed compounds (in parts) aerosol counter, use of smoke grenades, smoke grenades, incendiary smoke cartridges, thermal apparatus tanks and BMP, Aircraft and artillery equipment and ammunition.

Besides, smoke bombs DBR-2 and, special, RDG-2h can be used to simulate the destruction of military equipment, and then, не­ожиданно, make full use of its combat capabilities.

Incendiary smoke cartridges, due to their high combat characteristics, should be used at distances up 500 мет­ров.

Flamethrower unit it is advisable to include in the propulsion units, head hiking outposts, departments, allocated for carrying out ambushes and search, as well as keep in reserve. Strengthening motorized infantry formations and units is advantageously carried out on the basis of: flamethrower platoon – motostrelkovomu battalion.

Features of the organization and conduct of electronic warfare

The main tasks of electronic warfare (EW) during the internal armed conflict are:

– disruption of the control groups of illegal armed groups, reduction of opportunities for the use of weapons and military equipment;

– reduction of illegal armed groups ability to conduct exploration with the use of technical means;

– ensuring the sustainable management of Federal Forces;

informational isolation, RF Jamming telecommunications comprising, as well as radio and television channels of illegal armed groups.

The main efforts are concentrated Electronic Warfare:

– on identifying and jamming radio groups of illegal armed groups, providing covert deployment of federal troops control systems;

– on the conduct of the work of radio unclassified telephone and telegraph communication lines for the purpose of opening the violations hidden command and control (SUV) and their operational restraint;

– to ensure stable operation of the PU Confederate troops, Government Communication and Relations Ministry of Internal Affairs and FSB.

When you create groups of forces and means of electronic warfare in the internal armed conflict of the REB is distributed in the directions of actions of troops. This creates categories of EW forces and facilities on the main line and groups for operations of troops in other areas. The structure of the main force grouping includes most combat-ready units EW.

The nomination period for groups of troops on the frontier blocking the IAF focuses on countering technical intelligence means. In nominating use standard tools masking, limited or completely forbidden to work at all radiation in ether RES or individual groups, carried complex technical control.

When you deploy communications measures are being taken to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility the most important RES.

During units march EW motorized and tank units move with the forward detachments and van and suppress radio control IAF. EW groups are ESM, mainly, in move, and when entering into combat troop columns – deployed on the positions and perform radio suppression gangs.

One of the most effective ways to combat employment of EW units in blocking conflict areas, settlements is their deployment in position areas on the perimeter of the blocked area (cities) in combat order units of the second echelon, providing direction-finding base and efficient RF Jamming.

CONCLUSION
In modern conditions significantly increased the role of marches over any distance. The emergence of powerful effective means of combating, high mobility of units and often leads to, scoring that marches in conditions of active counteraction gangs requires careful preparation and ensuring march.

Fighting in Afghanistan and Chechnya have shown the need to develop new techniques and methods of action forces at the tactical level. But installing of it, that such actions are of a private nature and applicable only in solving specific problems, not allowed to widely disseminate and implement existing combat experience in the practice of training troops.

Naturally, for, to fulfill the task, you must have targeted training, taking into account all the features of their performance, including on the applicable forms and methods of action. Analyzing the actions of the troops in the Chechen Republic should be noted, that troops used methods of warfare, primarily influenced by the tactics of actions of illegal armed groups, which throughout the conflict has undergone certain changes. ambush, arranged by militants, on the routes of movement columns cause significant damage to the federal troops.

New forms of troops from the experience of fighting in Chechnya were the actions of the troops of the basic centers within their areas of responsibility and action military, mobile groups.

Marching troops on the march should be more compact, and its elements must be placed at short distances, while some of them may sometimes not be created.

Features of the application of combat arms and special forces is the performance of smaller volume tasks, and, in the same time, some of them may be unusual for combined arms combat. At the organization of comprehensive support, must take into account the autonomy of action of groups of troops, absence of concepts such as the front and rear, the use of illegal armed guerrilla methods.

Under these conditions, increased the role of the marches, made by units in the areas of service and combat activity. Hence - the special attention during everyday combat training should be paid to the education of the personnel of the units ability to courageously overcome many difficulties in the march in a clash with guerrillas. It is necessary to continuously improve the training of troops marching in a local armed conflicts. Success on the side of those, who acts safely, not routinely, decidedly, constantly imposing their will on the enemy.

 

                          
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